Table Of Content

LWBK537-FM_pi-Brief_C.qxd 8/24/10 8:08 AM Page 1 Aptara Inc Brief Contents UNIT I FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE 2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing 4 Chapter 2 Cultural Diversity 23 Chapter 3 Health and Illness 40 Chapter 4 Health of the Individual, Family, and Community 54 Chapter 5 Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice 68 Chapter 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy 84 Chapter 7 Legal Implications of Nursing 108 UNIT II COMMUNITY-BASED SETTINGS FOR PATIENT CARE 136 Chapter 8 Healthcare Delivery Systems 138 Chapter 9 Continuity of Care 155 Chapter 10 Home Healthcare 170 UNIT III THE NURSING PROCESS 186 Chapter 11 Blended Skills and Critical Thinking throughout the Nursing Process 188 Chapter 12 Assessing 221 Chapter 13 Diagnosing 242 Chapter 14 Outcome Identification and Planning 263 Chapter 15 Implementing 286 Chapter 16 Evaluating 304 Chapter 17 Documenting, Reporting, Conferring, and Using Informatics 323 UNIT IV PROMOTING HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 356 Chapter 18 Developmental Concepts 358 Chapter 19 Conception Through Young Adult 374 Chapter 20 The Aging Adult 407 UNIT V ROLES BASIC TO NURSING CARE 432 Chapter 21 Communicator 434 Chapter 22 Teacher and Counselor 467 Chapter 23 Nurse Leader and Manager 493 UNIT VI ACTIONS BASIC TO NURSING CARE 512 Chapter 24 Vital Signs 514 Chapter 25 Health Assessment 558 Chapter 26 Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness 614 Chapter 27 Asepsis and Infection Control 652 Chapter 28 Complementary and Alternative Therapies 698 Chapter 29 Medications 722 Chapter 30 Perioperative Nursing 817 UNIT VII PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES 862 Chapter 31 Hygiene 864 Chapter 32 Skin Integrity and Wound Care 916 Chapter 33 Activity 999 Chapter 34 Rest and Sleep 1079 Chapter 35 Comfort 1109 Chapter 36 Nutrition 1154 Chapter 37 Urinary Elimination 1222 Chapter 38 Bowel Elimination 1296 Chapter 39 Oxygenation 1347 Chapter 40 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 1414 UNIT VIII PROMOTING HEALTHY PSYCHOSOCIAL RESPONSES 1490 Chapter 41 Self-Concept 1492 Chapter 42 Stress and Adaptation 1520 Chapter 43 Loss, Grief, and Dying 1545 Chapter 44 Sensory Functioning 1575 Chapter 45 Sexuality 1602 Chapter 46 Spirituality 1643 Appendix A Equivalents A-1 Appendix B Normal Adult Laboratory Values B-1 Glossary G-1 Index I-1 LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page i MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd Fundamentals of Nursing THE ART AND SCIENCE OF NURSING CARE LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page ii MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page iii MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd Fundamentals of Nursing THE ART AND SCIENCE OF NURSING CARE Seventh Edition Carol R. Taylor,PhD, MSN, RN Center for Clinical Bioethics Professor of Nursing Georgetown University Washington, DC Carol Lillis,MSN, RN Faculty Emerita, Assistant to the Provost Delaware County Community College Media, Pennsylvania Priscilla LeMone,DSN, RN, FAAN Associate Professor Emerita, Sinclair School of Nursing University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri Adjunct Associate Professor, College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Pamela Lynn,MSN, RN Instructor School of Nursing Gwynedd-Mercy College Gwynedd Valley, Pennsylvania LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page iv MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd Executive Acquisitions Editor:Carrie Brandon Senior Product Manager: Betsy Gentzler Editorial Assistants: Shawn Loht, Amanda Jordan Design Coordinator: Holly Reid McLaughlin Illustration Coordinator: Brett MacNaughton Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc. 7th Edition Copyright ©2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright ©2008, 2005, 2001 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright ©1997 by Lippincott-Raven Pub- lishers. Copyright ©1993, 1989 by J. B. Lippincott Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as pho- tocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please con- tact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fundamentals of nursing : the art and science of nursing care / Carol R. Taylor ... [et al.]. – 7th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7817-9383-4 (alk. paper) 1. Nursing. I. Taylor, Carol, CSFN. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Care. 2. Nursing Process. WY 100.1] RT41.T396 2011 610.73–dc22 2010030027 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any con- sequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with re- spect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice. LWW.com LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page v MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd To Bob, my husband and best friend, who makes life a joy! —CAROLTAYLOR To my husband, Jack: Your support and sense of humor have made everything possible. —CAROL LILLIS I dedicate this book to all the students who will become the nurses of tomorrow and to all the students I have taught, who are the nurses of today. —PRISCILLALEMONE To John, Jenn, and Anna: The best support system anyone could ask for. —PAM LYNN LWBK537-FM_pi-xxxi.qxd 8/23/10 10:00PM Page vi MCGH161-FM_pi-xii.qxd Contributors and Reviewers CONTRIBUTORS Lyda Arévalo-Flechas,PhD, MSN, RN Kathleen Blust,MSN, RN, BC Lynn Burbank,MSN, RN, CPNP Assistant Professor Professor of Nursing Learning Resource Coordinator JAHF Claire M. Fagin Fellow Collin College Dixon School of Nursing University of Texas Health Science Center McKinney, Texas Abington Memorial Hospital at San Antonio, School of Nursing Abington, Pennsylvania San Antonio, Texas Joanne Bonesteel,MS, RN CHAPTER29: MEDICATIONS Nursing Faculty Lisa Ayers,RN, MSN, CNE Excelsior College School of Nursing Kerry H. Cheever,PhD, RN Assistant Professor Albany, New York Professor and Chairperson,St. Luke’s Harper College School of Nursing at Moravian College Palatine, Illinois Assistant Vice President,St. Luke’s Connie J. Booth,RN, MSN Hospital & Health Network Helen Ballestas,PhD, RN, CRRN Professor Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Assistant Professor of Nursing Des Moines Area Community College PICO INPRACTICE: ASKINGCLINICAL Adelphi University Boone, Iowa QUESTIONS Garden City, New York Dana M. Botz,RN, MSN Joanne O’Brien,RN, MSN Judith Bateman,RN, MSN Nursing Instructor Associate Professor Assistant Professor North Hennepin Community College Delaware County Community College Coordinator,CNA Program Brooklyn Park, MN Media, Pennsylvania Black Hawk College CONCEPTMAPS Moline, Illinois Ethel Bratt,RN, BScN Nursing Instructor Christine E. Smith,MSN, RN, CNOR Joyce Bates,RN, MSN Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science Perioperative Clinical Nurse Specialist Assistant Professor and Technology Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Fairmont State University Regina, Saskatchewan Stanford Fairmont, West Virginia Palo Alto, California CHAPTER30: PERIOPERATIVENURSING Cynthia Bechtel,PhD(c), RN, CEN, Nell Britton,MSN, RN, CNE CNE, EMT-I Nursing Division New Student Coordinator/ Assistant Professor Nursing Instructor Nursing Coordinator, MSN Program Trident Technical College REVIEWERS Framingham State College Charleston, South Carolina Robin Abrams,RN, MS, CDE Framingham, Massachusetts Nursing Faculty Alvin Community College Jennifer Beck,PhD, RN, CNE Anna Bruch Alvin, Texas Associate Professor of Nursing Nursing Faculty Our Lady of the Lake College Illinois Valley Community College Faisal Aboul-Enein,DrPH, MSN, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Oglesby, Illinois MPH, NP Clinical Assistant Professor Texas Women’s University Kathy Becker,RN, MSN Med Beverly Bryant,RN, MSN Houston, Texas Associate Professor Instructor St. Louis Community College, Forest Athens Technical College Lavonne M. Adams,PhD, RN, CCRN Park Athens, Georgia Associate Professor of Nursing St. Louis, Missouri Texas Christian University, Harris College Donna Bumpus,RN, MSN of Nursing & Health Sciences Diana R. Beckner,RN, MSN, CS, FNP Assistant Professor of Nursing Fort Worth, Texas Nursing Instructor Lamar University Lincoln Memorial University Beaumont, Texas Gerry Ehrmann Altmiller,EdD, MSN, Harrogate, Tennessee APRN Deborah Burton,RN, MSN Assistant Professor Amy Bigham,MSN, APRN, BC Instructor La Salle University, School of Nursing and Instructor San Bernardino Valley College Health Sciences University of Alabama, Capstone College San Bernardino, California Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Nursing Tuscaloosa, Alabama Jane G. Anderson,MSN, RN, BC, GCNS Cecelia Carew,RN(BC), MA, CNE, Instructor, Undergraduate Program, Mary Bjorklund,RN, MSN, CPN CCRN, CPAN, CEN, LNC College of Nursing Professor, Associate Degree Nursing Associate Professor Medical University of South Carolina Lonestar College—Kingwood Bronx Community College Charleston, South Carolina Kingwood, Texas Bronx, New York vi