P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 12:19 xxvi RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October15,2007 18:52 i RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October15,2007 18:52 ii RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 21:10 Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering An Integrated Approach iii RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 21:10 THIRD EDITION Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering An Integrated Approach William D. Callister, Jr. DepartmentofMetallurgicalEngineering TheUniversityofUtah David G. Rethwisch DepartmentofChemicalandBiochemicalEngineering TheUniversityofIowa JOHNWILEY&SONS,INC. v RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October18,2007 1:1 FrontCover:Depictionofaboronnitridenanotube.Redandbluespheresrepresentboronandnitrogen atoms,respectively. BackCover:Representationofacarbonnanotube,bothendsofwhicharecappedwithC60fullerene hemispheres. AssociatePublisher DanSayre AcquisitionsEditor JenniferWelter EditorialAssistant SandraKim MarketingManager ChrisRuel SeniorProductionEditor KenSantor SeniorDesigner KevinMurphy CoverArt RoyWiemann SeniorIllustrationEditor SigmundMalinowski MediaEditor LaurenSapira ThisbookwassetinLaTeXbyAptara,Inc.andprintedandboundbyQuebecorVersailles.Thecover wasprintedbyQuebecor. Thisbookisprintedonacidfreepaper.∞ Copyright©2008JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanningorotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSections107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copy feetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(508)750-8400, fax(508)750-4470,Websitewww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe addressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,HobokenNJ 07030-5774,(2012)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,E-Mail:[email protected],Website www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Toorderbooksorforcustomerservicepleasecall1(800)-CALLWILEY(225-5945). LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Callister,WilliamD.,1940– Fundamentalsofmaterialsscienceandengineering:anintegratedapproach/ WilliamD.Callister;withspecialcontributionsbyDavidG.Rethwisch.—3rded. p. cm. Includesindex. ISBN978-0-470-12537-3(cloth) 1.Materials. I.Rethwisch,DavidG. II.Title. TA403.C2272008 620.1(cid:3)1—dc22 2007040687 PrintedintheUnitedStates 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 vi RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 12:19 Dedicated to the memory of Genevieve Johns Callister, 1913–2007 vii RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 12:19 iv RevisePages P1:PBU/OVY P2:PBU/OVY QC:PBU/OVY T1:PBU Printer:tb-gts4c GTBL042-Calister-FM GTBL042-Callister-v3 October12,2007 12:19 viii RevisePages