Fundamentals of Discrete Element Methods for Rock Engineering Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 85 Fundamentals of Discrete Element Methods for Rock Engineering Theory and Applications Lanru Jing Group of Engineering Geology and Geophysics, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Ove Stephansson Geo Forschungs Zentrum – Postdam, Department of Geodynamics, Postdam, Germany Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford l l l l l Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo l l l l l Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP Firstedition2007 Copyright(cid:2)2007ElsevierB.V. 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G. SANGLERAT – THE PENETROMETER AND SOIL EXPLORATION 4. R. SILVESTER – COASTALENGINEERING. 1 AND 2 8. L.N. PERSEN – ROCK DYNAMICS AND GEOPHYSICALEXPLORATION Introduction toStress Waves inRocks 11. H.K. GUPTA AND B.K.RASTOGI – DAMS AND EARTHQUAKES 14. B.VOIGHT (Editor) –ROCKSLIDESAND AVALANCHES. 1 and2 17. A.P.S. SELVADURAI – ELASTICANALYSIS OF SOIL-FOUNDATION INTERACTION 18. J.FEDA – STRESSIN SUBSOIL AND METHODS OFFINALSETTLEMENT CALCULATION 19. A´.KE´ZDI – STABILIZED EARTH ROADS 20. E.W. BRANDAND R.P.BRENNER (Editors) –SOFT-CLAY ENGINEERING 21. A.MYSLIVEANDZ.KYSELA–THEBEARINGCAPACITYOFBUILDINGFOUNDATION 23. P.BRUUN – STABILITY OFTIDAL INLETS –Theory andEngineering 24. Z.BAZ˘ANT – METHODS OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING 25. A´.KE´ZDI – SOILPHYSICS – SelectedTopics 27. D. STEPHENSON – ROCKFILLIN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 28. P.E. FRIVIK, N. JANBU,R. SAETERSDAL AND L.I.FINBORUD (Editors) – GROUNDFREEZING 1980 29. P.PETER– CANAL AND RIVER LEVE´ES 30. J.FEDA – MECHANICS OFPARTICULATE MATERIALS –The Principles 31. Q. ZA´RUBAAND V.MENCL– LANDSLIDES AND THEIRCONTROL Second completely revised edition 32. I.W. FARMER (Editor) – STRATA MECHANICS 33. L.HOBST AND J. ZAJ´IC– ANCHORING IN ROCKAND SOIL Second completely revised edition 34. G. SANGLERAT, G. OLIVARI AND B. CAMBOU – PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, 1 and 2 35. L.RE´THA´TI – GROUNDWATERIN CIVIL ENGINEERING 36. S.S. VYALOV– RHEOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALSOFSOIL MECHANICS 37. P.BRUUN(Editor)–DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONOFMOUNDSFORBREAKWATER AND COASTAL PROTECTION 38. W.F. CHEN AND G.Y.BALADI– SOIL PLASTICITY - Theory andImplementation 39. E.T. HANRAHAN– THE GEOTECTONICSOFREAL MATERIALS: THE e e METHOD g k 40. J.ALDORFAND K. EXNER– MINE OPENINGS - StabilityandSupport 41. J.E. GILLOT – CLAY IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 42. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) – SOIL DYNAMICS AND LIQUEFACTION 43. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) – SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION 44. A.S. CAKMAK (Editor) – GROUND MOTION AND ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY 45. A.S.CAKMAK(Editor)–STRUCTURES,UNDERGROUNDSTRUCTURES,DAMS,AND STOCHASTIC METHODS 46. L.RE´THA´TI – PROBABILISTICSOLUTIONS INGEOTECTONICS 47. B.M. DAS – THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ENGINEERING 48. W. DERSKI, R. IZBICKI,I. KISIEL AND Z. MROZ – ROCKAND SOIL MECHANICS 49. T.ARIMAN,M.HAMADA,A.C.SINGHAL,M.A.HAROUNANDA.S.CAKMAK(Editors)– RECENTADVANCES IN LIFELINE EARTHQUAKEENGINEERING 50. B.M. DAS – EARTH ANCHORS 51. K.THIEL– ROCKMECHANICS IN HYDROENGINEERING 52. W.F. CHEN AND X.L. LIU – LIMIT ANALYSIS INSOIL MECHANICS 53. W.F. CHEN AND E.MIZUNO – NONLINEAR ANALYSIS IN SOIL MECHANICS 54. F.H. CHEN– FOUNDATIONS ON EXPANSIVE SOILS 55. J.VERFEL– ROCK GROUTINGAND DIAPHRAGM WALL CONSTRUCTION 56. B.N. WHITTAKERAND D.J.REDDISH– SUBSIDENCE – Occurrence,Prediction andControl 57. E.NONVEILLER – GROUTING, THEORY AND PRACTICE 58. V.KOLA´R˘ AND I. NE˘MEC – MODELLINGOF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION 59A. R.S. SINHA (Editor) – UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES – Design andInstrumentation 59B. R.S. SINHA (Editor) – UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES – Design andConstruction 60. R.L. HARLAN, K.E. KOLM AND E.D.GUTENTAG – WATER-WELL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 61. I. KASDA – FINITEELEMENT TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER FLOW STUDIES 62. L.FIALOVSZKY (Editor) – SURVEYING INSTRUMENTSAND THEIROPERATION PRINCIPLES 63. H. GIL – THETHEORY OFSTRATA MECHANICS 64. H.K. GUPTA – RESERVOIR-INDUCED EARTHQUAKES 65. V.J. LUNARDINI – HEAT TRANSFER WITH FREEZING AND THAWING 66. T.S. NAGARAI – PRINCIPLES OF TESTING SOILS, ROCKS AND CONCRETE 67. E.JUHA´SOVA´ – SEISMIC EFFECTSON STRUCTURES 68. J.FEDA – CREEPOF SOILS – and Related Phenomena 69. E.DULA´CSKA –SOIL SETTLEMENT EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS 70. D. MILOVIC´ – STRESSESAND DISPLACEMENTS FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 71. B.N. WHITTAKER, R.N. SINGH AND G. SUN – ROCKFRACTURE MECHANICS – Principles,Design andApplications 72. M.A. MAHTABAND P. GRASSO– GEOMECHANICS PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OFTUNNELS AND CAVERNS IN ROCK 73. R.N. YONG, A.M.O.MOHAMEDAND B.P. WARKENTIN – PRINCIPLES OFCONTAMINANTTRANSPORT INSOILS 74. H. BURGER (Editor) – OPTIONSFOR TUNNELING 1993 75. S.HANSBO – FOUNDATION ENGINEERING 76. R. PUSCH – WASTEDISPOSAL INROCK 77. R. PUSCH – ROCK MECHANICSON AGEOLOGICAL BASE 78. T.SAWARAGI– COASTAL ENGINEERING -WAVES, BEACHES,WAVE-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS 79. O. STEPHANSSON, L.JING AND CHIN-FUTSANG (Editors) – COUPLED THERMO- HYDRO- MECHANICAL PROCESSESOFFRACTURED MEDIA 80. J.HARTLE´N AND W. WOLSKI (EDITORS) – EMBANKMENTS ONORGANIC SOILS 81. Y.KANAORI (EDITOR) – EARTHQUAKE PROOFDESIGN AND ACTIVEFAULTS 82. A.M.O.MOHAMEDAND H.E. ANTIA– GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 83. Z.CHUHANANDJ.P.WOLF(Editors)–DYNAMICSOIL-STRUCTUREINTERACTION– Current Researchin China and Switzerland 84. Y.KANAORI, K. TANAKAAND M. CHIGIRA (Editors) – ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN JAPAN FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM To my parents and grandparents with the warmest memories and To my beloved wife, Wenli, and daughter, Fei-Fei Lanru Jing To my beloved wife Almut and Samuel & Naemi Ove Stephansson