Table Of ContentPolymers and Polymeric Composites:
A Reference Series
Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder
Heather Sheardown
Amir Al-Ahmed Editors
Functional
Polymers
Polymers and Polymeric Composites:
A Reference Series
This series provides a comprehensive collection of reference handbooks on all
aspects around polymers and polymeric composites. Polymeric materials of all
sorts have been emerging as key materials for many applications and for meeting
the challenges of the twenty-first century. From commodity applications to engi-
neering and high-tech applications, even including aerospace subsystems, these
materials have an important role to play. The study of polymeric and polymeric
compositematerialsisoneofthemostimportantandvibrantfocusareasinchemical
andmaterialscientificresearch.“PolymersandPolymericComposites:AReference
Series” compiles the most comprehensive reference handbooks on these materials
under one roof. Readers will find all they need to know in well-organized and
thoroughlystructuredreferenceworkscoveringvarioustopics,suchasthestructures
and properties of polymers, polymeric materials and composites (e.g. structures of
amorphous and crystalline polymers, viscoelastic properties, mechanical and ther-
mal properties, and many more); methods and methodology (including polymer
characterization, polymerization reaction engineering, polymer processing, and
many more); and different compound classes (from polymer additives, polymer
blends, and fiber reinforced composites to liquid crystalline polymers, nano-
polymers and nano-polymeric composites, and even bio-polymeric materials).
While each volume is dedicated to a selected topic, concisely structured and thor-
oughly edited by experts, with contributions written by leading scientists, the
completecollectionprovidesthemostcomprehensiveandmostcompleteoverview
over the entire field of polymers and polymeric composites. Volumes in this series
serveasreferencecompilationforeveryscientistworkingwithoronpolymersand
polymeric materials and composites, whether at universities or in industry, from
graduatestudentleveltopractitionersandleadscientistsalike.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15068
Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder
(cid:129)
Heather Sheardown Amir Al-Ahmed
Editors
Functional Polymers
With473Figuresand65Tables
Editors
MohammadAbuJafarMazumder HeatherSheardown
ChemistryDepartment McMasterUniversity
KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum Hamilton,ON,Canada
andMinerals
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
AmirAl-Ahmed
CenterofResearchExcellencein
RenewableEnergy
KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum
andMinerals
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
ISSN2510-3458 ISSN2510-3466(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-95986-3 ISBN978-3-319-95987-0(eBook)
ISBN978-3-319-95988-7(printandelectronicbundle)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95987-0
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe
editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors
oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims
inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
Functionalpolymerscontainchemicallyboundfunctionalgroupsontheirbackbone,
whichmakethesepolymerschemicallyactiveforvariousapplications,forexample,as
reagents,catalysts,protectinggroups,andmanyothers.Normally,functionalpolymers
arepreparedfrommonomerscontainingthedesiredfunctionalgroup.Thepreformed
polymerbackbonecanalsobechemicallymodifiedwithapreferredfunctionalgroup.
The second approach is more suitable for linear polymers, but in most applications,
cross-linkedpolymersarepreferred.Suspensionpolymerizationisthemostcommonly
usedtechniqueforcross-linkedpolymers,butseveralothertechniques,suchasphoto
polymerization,electrochemicalpolymerization,anddifferentcontrolledradicalpoly-
merizations are also attaining their place. The physicochemical properties of these
polymerscanbemodifiedasrequiredbychemicalorphysicalmeans.Specificinduced
propertiesbyfunctionalizationofpolymershavegreatimportanceintheirapplications.
Advance technologies require improved material performance. Polymers, especially
functional polymerscan easily betuned by new or improveddesignand processing
techniques,whichcanprovidebetterorspecificmaterialcharacteristics.Thisfacilitates
theirinnovativeandtechnicallydemandingapplications.
Toeditorcompileabookonfunctionalpolymers,oneshouldbeverycarefulto
keepafinebalancebetweenthebuiltupknowledgedevelopedovertheyears,based
on experience and intuition, and the new scientific endeavors that continue to
advance their development. Our approach is to give a rich collection of data on
functionalpolymers.Inthisregard,thisreferencebookcoverssomekeyaspectsof
functionalpolymers,suchassynthesis,surfacemodification,compositesandnano-
composites, and important applications. All chapters are contributed by experts in
v
vi Preface
their respective field and contain up-to-date theoretical and experimental informa-
tion, which will be helpful for students and researchers to create new avenues for
functionalpolymers–intermsofmaterialdevelopmentandadvanceapplications.
ChemistryDepartment MohammadAbuJafarMazumder,Ph.D.
KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum
andMinerals,Dhahran,SaudiArabia
McMasterUniversity,Hamilton,ON,Canada HeatherSheardown,Ph.D.
CenterofResearchExcellenceinRenewableEnergy AmirAl-Ahmed,Ph.D.
KingFahdUniversityofPetroleumandMinerals, TheEditors
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
Acknowledgments
Wearethankfultoallcontributingauthorsandco-authorsfortheirvaluedcontribu-
tiontothisbook.Theprojectwouldneverhavebeenpossiblewithouttheirsincere
supports and contributions. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
publisher, authors, and others for granting us the copyright permission to use their
illustrations.Althoughsincereeffortsweremadetoobtainthecopyrightpermissions
fromtherespectiveownerstoincludethecitationwiththereproducedmaterials,we
would like to offer our sincere apologies to any copyright holder if unknowingly
theirrightisbeinginfringed.Amongtheeditors,Dr.MohammadA.JafarMazumder
would like to take this opportunity to express his sincere thanks to Drs. Abdulaziz
A. Al-Saadi (Dean, College of Sciences, KFUPM) and Khalid R. Alhooshani
(Chairman, Chemistry Department, KFUPM) and also to his colleagues at the
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia.
Dr. Amir Al-Ahmed, would like to take this opportunity to express his sincere
thanks to Dr. Fahad Al-Suliman (Director CORE-RE, KFUPM) and also to his
colleagues at the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
Without their continuous encouragement, this book would have not been brought
intoitsfinalform.WewouldalsoliketoacknowledgethesincereeffortsofSpringer
team, especially Dr. Sylvia Blago, Dr. Sofia Costa, and Dr. Judith Hinterberg and
otherswhowerealwayssohelpfulandprovidedustheirassistanceinevolvingthis
bookintoitsfinalshape.Wearemostgratefultoallofthem.
vii
Contents
1 Photo-polymerization ................................... 1
PremPrabhakaranandKwang-SupLee
2 PolymerFunctionalization ............................... 53
LindseyA.Bultema,XiaHuang,DanielD.Brauer,andPatrickTheato
3 ElectrochemicalPolymerization ........................... 105
GertrudeFomo,TesfayeWaryo,UsisiphoFeleni,PriscillaBaker,and
EmmanuelIwuoha
4 PolymerProcessingandRheology ......................... 133
NickolasD.PolychronopoulosandJohnVlachopoulos
5 PorousCoordinationPolymers ............................ 181
AbdulMalikP.PeedikakkalandN.N.Adarsh
6 PolyurethaneandItsDerivatives .......................... 225
MohammadMizanurRahman,MohammadMahbubRabbani,and
JoyantaKumarSaha
7 DielectricPolymers ..................................... 241
ShahMohammedReduwanBillah
8 Dendrimers ........................................... 289
BalappaB.Munavalli,SatishkumarR.Naik,AnandI.Torvi,and
MahadevappaY.Kariduraganavar
9 SurfacesandInterfaces .................................. 347
ManfredStamm
10 MembraneSurfaceModificationandFunctionalization ........ 391
SyedMohammedJavaidZaidi,KennethA.Mauritz,andMohammad
K.Hassan
11 Fiber-ReinforcedComposites ............................. 417
AjithkumarManayanParambil,JijiAbraham,Praveen
KosappallyillomMuraleedharan,DeepuGopakumar,andSabu
Thomas
ix
x Contents
12 CompositesandNanocomposites .......................... 447
ShahMohammedReduwanBillah
13 PolymerBlends ........................................ 513
IbrahimKhan,MuhammadMansha,andMohammadAbuJafar
Mazumder
14 ConductingPolymersandComposites ...................... 551
AbdAlmonamBaleg,MiluaMasikini,SuruVivianJohn,AvrilRae
Williams,NazeemJahed,PriscillaBaker,andEmmanuelIwuoha
15 Shape-MemoryPolymers ................................ 605
MagdalenaMazurek-Budzyńska,MuhammadYasarRazzaq,Marc
Behl,andAndreasLendlein
16 Self-HealingPolymers:FromBiologicalSystemstoHighly
FunctionalPolymers .................................... 665
StefanZechel,MartinD.Hager,andUlrichS.Schubert
17 DrugDelivery:PolymersintheDevelopmentofControlled
ReleaseSystems ........................................ 719
ScottCampbellandNielsSmeets
18 ConjugatedOrganicPolymersforOptoelectronicDevices ...... 749
ShahidPervezAnsariandFarmanAli
19 ElectrochromicPolymersforSolarCells .................... 789
SuruVivianJohnandEmmanuelIwuoha
20 TextileCoatings ........................................ 825
ShahMohammedReduwanBillah
21 AnticorrosiveCoating ................................... 883
MazenK.NazalandMohammadAbuJafarMazumder
22 ConductingPolymerNanocompositesasGasSensors .......... 911
MohammadOmaishAnsari,SajidAliAnsari,MooHwanCho,
ShahidPervezAnsari,MohamedShaabanAbdel-wahab,andAhmed
Alshahrie
23 PolymericMembranesforNaturalGasProcessing:Polymer
SynthesisandMembraneGasTransportProperties ........... 941
JimohK.AdewoleandAbdullahS.Sultan
24 ProtonConductions .................................... 977
N.Awang,JuhanaJaafar,A.F.Ismail,T.Matsuura,M.H.D.Othman,
andM.A.Rahman
25 Desalination ........................................... 1011
RaselDas,SyedMohammedJavaidZaidi,andSayonthoniDasTuhi
