Functional Materials, Volume 13

576 Pages·2000·26.105 MB·English

K. Grassie, E. Teuckhoff, G. Wegner, J. Haußelt, H. Hanselka (Editors)
Functional Materials
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 13
Functional Materials. Edited by K. Grassie, E. Teuckhoff, G. Wegner, J. Haußelt, H. Hanselka
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. ISBN: 3-527-30254-9
EUROMAT 99 was the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials
Societies (FEMS) with its 21 member societies across Europe.
The program of the EUROMAT 99 congress was divided into 12 topics. The scientific
coordination was managed by topic coordinators. The responsible experts for the individu-
al topics were:
Topic A – Materials for Information Technology
K. Grassie, Philips GmbH, Aachen (D)
Topic B – Materials for Transportation Technology
P. J. Winkler, DaimlerChrysler AG, München (D)
Topic C – Materials for Electrical Power Generation and Energy Conversion
E. Tenckhoff, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)
Topic D – Materials for Medical Engineering
H. Stallforth, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen (D)
P. Revell, University College London (UK)
Topic E – Materials for Buildings and Structures
F. H. Wittmann, ETH Zürich (CH)
Topic F1 – Characterization Methods and Procedures
Y. Bréchet, INPG, Grenoble (F)
Topic F2 – Metals
R. Wagner, FZ. Jülich (D)
Topic F3 – Ceramics
G. Müller, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg (D)
Topic F4 – Polymers
G. Wegner, MPI für Polymerforschung, Mainz (D)
P. J. Lemstra, Univ. of Eindhoven (NL)
Topic F5 – Interface Controlled Materials
M. Rühle, MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D)
Topic G – Surface Technology
H. Dimigen, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Schicht- und Oberflächentechnik IST, Braunschweig (D)
Topic H – Nano- and Microtechnology
J. Haußelt, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (D)
K. Grassie, E. Teuckhoff, G. Wegner, J. Haußelt,
H. Hanselka (Editors)
Functional Materials
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 13
Deutsche Gesellschaft Weinheim · New York · Chichester
für Materialkunde e.V. Brisbane · Singapore · Toronto
Editors:
Dr. K. Grassie Prof. Dr. E. Teuckhoff Prof. Dr. G. Wegner
Philips Forschungslaboratorium Siemens AG Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
Postfach 500145 Postfach 3240 Ackermannweg 10
52085 Aachen 91050 Erlangen 55128 Mainz
Germany Germany Germany
Prof. Dr. J. Hausselt Prof. Dr. H. Hanselka
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Institut für Mechanik
Postfach 3640 Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
76201 Karlsruhe Universitätsplatz 2
Germany 39160 Magdeburg
Germany
This book was carefully procuced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No. applied for.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-30254-9
© WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free paper.
All rights reserved (including those of translation in other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in
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without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when
not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Composition: WGV Verlagsdienstleistungen GmbH, Weinheim
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Preface
Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials.
For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new
materials and their applications. EUROMAT 99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of
European Materials Societies with its 21 member societies across Europe set out to become the
most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wide range of the interdisciplinary
performance of materials.
EUROMAT was essentially focused on applications of materials with high innovation
potential. At the same time, fundamental approaches and processing related aspects for uncon-
ventional materials were addressed. In the frame of the 12 conference topics, 1650 papers were
originally submitted to the 52 symposia. A total of 655 have been selected as oral presentation
by the international group of chairpersons and were presented in 161 sessions. Further, the
chairpersons have selected 65 renowned experts for keynote lectures in the frame of their
symposium. Roughly 700 papers were displayed as posters.
The scope of EUROMAT was truly international. Papers originated from 57 countries.
Among them the major industrial countries of the world have contributed considerably to the
wealth of the programme. An overwhelming Eastern European contingent shows that there is a
strong interest of these countries in international cooperation.
EUROMAT 99 represents a showcase of the competence of the European materials societies.
Various European sister societies and federations act as cosponsors of the event. Joining with
FEMS, they are about to establish the network MatNet in order to promote and facilitate their
communication and cooperation. They have started a dialogue with the European Commission
in order to discuss programme goals and priorities for maintaining Europe´s global competitive-
ness. In view of this promising international perspective, the European Community has agreed
to sponsor EUROMAT 99 generously for which we are very grateful. EUROMAT 99 was focused
to a large extent on the aims of the closing 4th Framework Programme many projects of which
were presented.
EUROMAT 99 was hosted by WERKSTOFFWOCHE, a multisociety joint conference
project established in Germany in 1996. Among its initiators is the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde, one of the founding member societies of FEMS and technical organiser of this
year´s EUROMAT.
EUROMAT 99 represented an outstanding success. As the President of FEMS, I would
hope that it will serve as a model for future meetings, both in terms of organisation and
international cooperation. I would like to extend my gratitude to the scientists, chairpersons and
coordinators as well as to the various organisations and particularly to the Messe München who
have made this success possible.
Dr. Paul Costa
President of the Federation of European Materials Societies

Contents
I. Materials for Information Technology
Integration of Sensor/ Actuator Films in LTCC Packages
U. Partsch, P. Otschik, L. Seffner, C. Kretzschmar, Fraunhofer Institut für Keramische
Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe (D);
G. Reppe, Radeberger Hybridelektronik GmbH (D)..................................................................3
Active Media for Optical Data Processing
G. Vâle, M. Lubâne, University of Latvia, Riga (LV).................................................................9
Selected Material Aspects of GMR-Sensors used in Hard Disk Drives
J. Marien, C. Schug, C. Waldenmaier, H.-R. Blank, IBM Deutschland Speichersysteme
GmbH, Mainz (D).....................................................................................................................14
Hard Disk Substrate Cleaning Using Low Energy Ions
D. Ochs, B. Cord, J. Scherer, Balzers Process Systems, Alzenau (D).....................................19
Thermal Stability of Film Systems for Spin-Valve Applications
A. Paetzold, C. Loch, K. Röll, Universität Gh Kassel (D)........................................................24
Magnetic Interactions in CoCr/Cr Thin Films Sputtered with Different Gases
H. Z. Jia, J. Veldemann, M. Burgelmann, Universtiy of Gent (B)............................................30
Ti-6Al-4V with Laser Embedded SiC Particles: An Electron Microscopy Study
H. Vrenken, B. J. Kooi, A. B. Kloosterman, J. Th. M. De Hosson, University of
Groningen (NL)........................................................................................................................36
Electroless Metal Deposition Used as Underbump Metallization (UBM) for High
Temperature Application - a Comparison to Other Bumping Techniques
S. Anhöck, A. Ostmann, H. Oppermann, Technical University of Berlin (D);
R. Aschenbrenner, H. Reichl, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration,
Berlin (D)..................................................................................................................................42
New Joining Technique for Silicon Components at Low Temperature
J. Mehlich, H.-G. Busmann, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing and Advanced Materials,
Bremen (D);
K. Burdorf, W. Benecke, University of Bremen (D).................................................................50
Leaded and Lead-Free Solders: Bulk Mechanical Properties and the Performance and
Reliability of Model Joint Assemblies
B. J. Foroodian, P.M. Mummery, B. Roebuck, National Physical Laboratory (UK)..............55
MoCu and WCu Alloys for MM-Wave Packaging
M. Knüwer, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Materialforschung (IFAM), Bremen (D);
T. Wiefel, K.-H. Wichmann, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG, Ulm (D)..................................62
Functional Materials. Edited by K. Grassie, E. Teuckhoff, G. Wegner, J. Haußelt, H. Hanselka
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. ISBN: 3-527-30254-9
VIII
Thermodynamic Database for Micro-Soldering Alloys
I. Ohnuma, X. J. Liu, H. Ohtani, K. Ishida, Tohoku University, Sendai (J).............................69
Ageing Effects of Wire Bonds on Plasma Cleaned Flash-Gold Surfaces
V. von Arnim, J. Feßmann, H. Osterwinter, M. Schäfer, Fachhochschule Esslingen (D);
H.-U. Völler, Transferzentrum Mikroelektronik Göppingen (TZM), (D).................................75
Investigation of Interface Cracking in Electronic Packages
E. Kieselstein, B. Seiler, T. Winkler, Chemnitzer Werkstoffmechanik GmbH (D);
R. Dudek, J. Auersperg, A. Schubert, B. Michel, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and
Microintegration , Berlin (D)...................................................................................................83
Microlaminography for High-Resolution BGA and Flip-Chip Inspection
A. Sassov, F. Luypaert, SkyScan, Aartselaar (B).....................................................................90
Fully Additive Copper Metallization on BCB
T. Stolle, B. Schwencke, H. Reichl, TU Berlin (D)...................................................................96
A Sintering Behavior of Glass/Ceramic Composite for Using in High Frequency Range
C.-J. Lee, H.-J. Kim, S.-C. Choi, Hanyang University, Seoul (ROK)....................................102
A New Retarder Film Improving the Temperature Dependent Performance of STN Displays
E. Hanelt, Consortium für Elektrochemische Industrie GmbH, München (D);
T. Kammel, Central Research Company of Wacker Chemie GmbH, München (D);
M. Kuwabara, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba (J)....................................................107
Complex Defects in ZnSe-Based Phosphors
V. Valdna, J. Hiie, U. Kallavus, Tallinn Technical University (EST);
R. Durst, Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison (USA);
L. Jones, Iowa State University, Ames (USA).........................................................................112
Experimental Studies of ZnS-Based Phosphors
V. Valdna, A. Mere, Tallinn Technical University (EST);
R. Durst, Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison (USA)...........................................................................117
Characterizing Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials for Display Applications
R. Dabrowski, Military University of Technology, Warsaw (PL);
H. Zhang, H. Pauwels, University of Gent (B);
J. L. Gayo, V. Urruchi, X. Quintana, J. M. Otón, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (E)...121
II. Materials for Electrical Energy Conversion
High-Speed Wheel Systems with HTS Bearings for Electric Power Applications
F. N. Werfel, Adelwitz Technologiezentrum GmbH (ATZ), (D).............................................129
Manufacturing and Test of a 100 kVA HTS Transformer
P. Kummeth, R. Schlosser, C. Albrecht, H.-W. Neumüller, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)........135
IX
Nanocrystalline Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage
W. Oelerich, T. Klassen, N. Eigen, R. Bormann, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht
GmbH, (D)..............................................................................................................................141
The Effect of Zn2+ Substitution for A-site on Electrical Properties and Microstructure of
Pb(Mn Sb )O -PZT
1/3 2/3 3
M.-J. Kim, S.-C. Choi, Hanyang University, Seoul (ROK);
K.-S. Han, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul (ROK).......................................146
Improvement of Properties of Y- and Nd-base Melt Textured High Temperature
Superconductors by High Pressure - High Temperature Treatment
T. Prikhna, V. Moshchil, S. Dub, P. Nagorny, A. Borimsky, Institute for Superhard Materials.,
Kiev (UA);
W. Gawalek, T. Habisreuther, F. Sandiumenge, A. Surzhenko, Institut für Physikalische
Hochtechnologie, Jena (D);
V. Melnikov, Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore-Formation., Kiev (UA);
V. Kovylayev, Institute of Materials Science Problems, Kiev (UA);
P. Shaetzle, Instituto de Ciéncia de Materiales de Barcelona (E).........................................153
Materials Aspects of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
L. Blum, W. Drenckhahn, H. Schichl, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D).........................................159
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ceramic Anode Materials for SOFCs
F. Tietz, W. Jungen, G. Pudmich, Research Center Jülich (D)..............................................165
Development of Thin-Film SOFC for Reduced Operating Temperature
G. Schiller, R. Henne, M. Lang, S. Schaper, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
(DLR), Stuttgart (D)...............................................................................................................170
Reactivity and Interdiffusion of Alternative SOFC Cathodes with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia,
Gadolinia Doped Ceria and Doped Lanthanum Gallate Solid Electrolytes
G. C. Kostogloudis, G. Tsiniarakis, F. Riza, C. Ftikos, National Technical University of
Athens (GR)............................................................................................................................175
Development of New Bi-Polar Plates Based on Electrically Conductive Filled Polymers for
PEMFC
F. Jousse, J. F. Salas, F. Giroud, C.E.A. / Le Ripault, Monts (F);
B. Icard, J. Y. Laurent, P. Serre Combe, C.E.A., Grenoble (F).............................................181
Properties of Nickel Mesh as a Methane Steam Reforming Catalyst and its Application in
SOFCs
U. Flesch, R. Dahl, R. Peters, D. Stöver, Research Centre Jülich (D)..................................187
Preparation and Characterization of Pr-Sr-Co-Fe-Al-O Based Perovskite Oxides for SOFC
Cathodes
F. Riza, G. C. Kostogloudis, C. Ftikos, National Technical University of Athens (GR)........193
Interpretation of the Ageing Effect in Zirconia-based Electrolytes
C. Haering, A. Roosen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (D);
H. Schichl, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)...................................................................................199
X
Determination of the Oxygen Ion Diffusion Coefficients in SrMnO3-y Mixed Conductor by
the Reoxidation Kinetics
R. Kriegel, C. Kaps, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (D).........................................................206
Mechanical Properties of Doped LaCrO After Exposure to Reducing Atmospheres
3
F. Meschke, R. W. Steinbrech, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (D)..................................212
Performance of Different Glas-Ceramic Sealants for a Planar SOFC Concept
T. Schwickert, U. Diekmann, Forschungszentrum Jülich (D);
P. Geasee, R. Conradt, RWTH Aachen (D)............................................................................217
Solar Control Coatings for Windows
H. R. Wilson, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg (D).........................221
The Gasochromism of Sputtered WO Films
3
A. Georg, W. Graf, V. Wittwer, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems,
Freiburg (D)...........................................................................................................................234
Thermoelectric Performance and Long Term Stability of Plasma Spray Formed Iron Disilicide
K. Schackenberg, E. Müller, W. A. Kaysser, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Köln (D);
J. Schilz, EG&G Heimann Optoelectronics, Wiesbaden (D).................................................239
Optimization of Spectrally-Selective Coatings for Solar Absorbers
Z. C. Orel, M. K. Gunde, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana (SLO).........................245
Nanocrystalline Sol-Gel Nb O Films for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
2 5
Y. P. Guo, M. A. Aegerter, Institut für Neue Materialien - INM, Saarbrücken (D)...............250
New Solvent-Based and Water-Borne Paints for Solar Collectors
Z. C. Orel, M. K. Gunde, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana (SLO);
A. Lencek, Helios, Domzale (SLO).........................................................................................256
Control of P-Type Conductivity in CdTe by CdCl Vapor Phase
2
J. Hiie, V. Valdna, Tallinn Technical University (EST).........................................................261
Investment Casting of Intermetallic NiAl-Ta-Cr Alloys for Low Pollution Power Conversion
F. Scheppe, P. R. Sahm, RWTH Aachen (D);
M. Palm, G. Sauthoff, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf (D);
W. Hermann, Siemens AG KWU, Mülheim (D);
J. Preuhs, TFB Feingusswerk Bochum GmbH (D)................................................................267
Improvement of the Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells by Electrochemical Passivation of High
Leakage Current Areas in the pn-Junction
M. H. Al-Rifai, J. Carstensen, H. Föll, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel (D)..............273