Functional imaging in nephro-urology PDF
Preview Functional imaging in nephro-urology
Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page i Functional Imaging in Nephro-Urology Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page ii Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page iii Functional Imaging in Nephro-Urology Edited by Alain Prigent MD Professor of Physiology and Biophysics Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France Chief of the Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France Amy Piepsz MD Professor of Pediatrics and Nuclear Medicine Free University of Brussels CHU St Pierre Department of Radioisotopes B-1000 Brussels Belgium Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page iv © 2006 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group is the Academic Division of Informa plc First published in the United Kingdom in 2006 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel: +44 (0)20 7017 6000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page v Contents List of contributors vii 11 The radiological approach 91 Preface ix Julie Ferzli, Jean-Nicolas Dacher 12 The nuclear medicine techniques 103 Measurement of renal function in health and Jørgen Frøkiær, Anni Eskild-Jensen, disease Thomas Dissing 1 Introduction 3 13 The point of view of the urologist 117 Alain Prigent Stephen A Koff 2 Assessment of GFR: chemical techniques and prediction equations 11 Renovascular disease Joseph V Nally 14 Present and future developments of 3 Measurements of renal function with radionuclide functional and molecular imaging 127 techniques in adults 19 M Donald Blaufox Emmanuel Durand 15 Radiological modalities in renovascular disease 133 4 Measurement of GFR in children by means of Nicolas Grenier radionuclide techniques 31 Amy Piepsz, Hamphrey Ham 16 ACE inhibition renography in the evaluation of suspected renovascular hypertension 149 5 Assessment of GFR in adults: the point of Andrew Taylor view of the nephrologist 37 Laurent Juillard, Maurice Laville Functional and molecular imaging 6 Assessment of GFR in children: the point of 17 Functional imaging of the kidney with view of the paediatric nephrologist 41 electron beam CT 165 Jean-Pierre Guignard Lilach O Lerman Obstruction in adults 18 Functional and cellular imaging of the kidney by MRI 173 7 Introduction and the role of nuclear medicine 51 Nicolas Grenier, Michael Pedersen, Olivier Hauger Patrick H O’Reilly 19 Positron emission tomography imaging of 8 The contribution of radiology 57 the kidneys 197 Michel Claudon, Damien Mandry, Zsolt Szabo, William B Mathews Jean-Nicolas Dacher Urinary tract infection in children 9 The urologist’s view 67 Stephen CW Brown 20 Introduction 213 Isky Gordon Antenatally detected hydronephrosis 21 The point of view of the radiologist 217 10. Introduction 83 Jean-Nicolas Dacher Amy Piepsz Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page vi vi Contents 22 The point of view of the paediatric nuclear medicine physician 223 Monica A Rossleigh 23 The point of view of the paediatric nephrologist 233 Sverker Hansson Index 241 Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page vii Contributors M Donald Blaufox Julie Ferzli Albert Einstein College of Medicine Départment Central d”Imagerie Médicale Montefiore Medical Park CHU de Rouen-Hôpital Charles Nicolle NY 10461 76031 Rouen USA France Stephen CW Brown Jørgen Frøkiær Department of Urology Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Stepping Hill Hospital Aarhus University Hospital – Skejby Stockport DK-8230 Aarhus N Cheshire Denmark UK Isky Gordon Michel Claudon Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Service de Radiologie London CHU Nancy Brabois-Hôpital d’Enfants UK 54511 Vandoeurve Cedex France Nicolas Grenier Service de Radiologie Jean-Nicolas Dacher Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin Departement Central d’Imagerie Médicale 33076 Bordeaux Cedex CHU de Rouen-Hôpital Charles Nicolle France 76031 Rouen France Jean-Pierre Guignard Division of Pediatric Nephrology Thomas Dissing Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Institute of Clinical Medicine 1011 Lausanne Aarhus University Hospital – Skejby Switzerland DK-8200 Aarhus N Denmark Hamphrey Ham Department of Nuclear Medicine Emmanuel Durand Academic Hospital CHU de Bicêtre University of Ghent Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud 9000 Ghent Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Belgium 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex France Sverker Hansson The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital Anni Eskild-Jensen Pediatric Uronephrologic Centre (PUNC) Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Göteborg University Aarhus University Hospital – Skejby Göteborg DK-8230 Aarhus N Sweden Denmark Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page viii viii List of contributors Olivier Hauger Joseph V Nally ERT CNRS ‘Imagerie Moléculaire et Fonctionnaell Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Université Victor Ségalen-Bordeaux 2 Cleveland Clinic Foundation Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin Cleveland 33076 Bordeaux Cedex Ohio 44195 France USA Laurent Juillard Amy Piepsz Department of Nephrology and Hypertension CHU St Pierre Hôpital Edouart-Herriot Department of Radioisotopes Lyon Cedex 03 B-1000 Brussels France Belgium Stephen A Koff Alain Prigent Pediatric Urology Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud Children’s Hospital Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Education Building 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex Ohio 43205 France USA Patrick H O’Reilly Maurice Laville Department of Urology Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Stepping Hill Hospital Hôpital Edouard Herriot Stockport Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UK Lyon Cedex 03 France Michael Pedersen Magnetic Resonance Centre Lilach O Lerman Institute of Clinical Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Aarhus University Hospital – Skejby Mayo Clinic College of Medicine DK-8200 Aarhus N Rochester Denmark Minnesota 55905 USA Monica A Rossleigh University of New South Wales Damien Mandry Department of Nuclear Medicine Service de Radiologie The Prince of Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospitals CHU Nancy Brabois-Hôpital d’Enfants Randwick NSW 2031 54511 Vandoeuvre Cedex Australia France Zsolt Szabo William B Mathews Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center Division of Nuclear Medicine Baltimore Johns Hopkins University MD 21287 Nelson Building USA Baltimore MD 21287 Andrew Taylor USA Division of Nuclear Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA Prelims 24/10/05 1:29 pm Page ix Preface In 1967, a first international symposium on radionuclides in long and well-structured discussions with the audience. The nephro-urology was held in Liège (Belgium). The purpose of most up-to-date developments of the traditional methods this symposium was to bring together a group of people with were presented by the different speakers, while new a common interest in the application of radionuclides in techniques, such as functional and molecular imaging with nephro-urology. Internists, radiologists, urologists, physiolo- MR, CT and PET appeared as promising approaches. What gists and others representing the basic and clinical sciences came out of these multidisciplinary sessions is remarkably were brought together for intensive discussions. Since that similar for all topics, namely a critical appraisal of the tradi- time, similar meetings were organized by the International tional strategies of management and a series of potential new Scientific Committee of Radionuclides in Nephrourology directions which might, in the near future, significantly change (ISCORN) in New York (1971), Berlin (1974), Boston the clinical management of the patient. (1978), London (1981), Lausanne (1986), Williamsburg It appeared therefore that the moment was well chosen (1989), Chester (1992), Santa Fé (1995), Copenhagen to reassemble this huge amount of information within a book (1998), Monterey (2001) and La Baule (2004). The final under the general title of ‘The Role of Functional Imaging in purpose of these meetings was the application of the radionu- Nephro-urology’. The chapters correspond to the five clinical clide techniques in clinical fields such as hypertension, renal sessions and for each topic, the contributors provided a transplantation, hydronephrosis and infection. At the same detailed and referenced overview of their expertise, time, a huge amount of methodological studies had given rise completed by a rich iconography. to new developments in nuclear medicine. It has been the This book, by its multidisciplinary approach, is a ‘première’ role of ISCORN to chair consensus conferences, which and will provide outstanding information to radiologists resulted in a better standardization of radionuclide methods working on child and adult, to nuclear medicine physicians, to in fields such as measurement of renal clearance, evaluation internists and paediatricians, to nephrologists and urologists of renal transit and drainage, application of captopril renogra- specialized in child and adult. phy to renovascular disease, cortical scintigraphy in urinary We want to express our sincere thanks for help to the tract infection in children and management of renal trans- other members of the ISCORN committee: Donald Blaufox plants. (New York, USA), Keith Britton (London, UK), Eva Dubovsky The meeting, held in May 2004 in La Baule (France), was (Birmingham, USA), Belkis Erbas (Ankara, Turkey), Jörgen a kind of achievement. It was the feeling of the Committee Frökiaer (Aarhus, Denmark), Joseph V. Nally (Cleveland, that the time had come to bring together the different special- USA), Patrick O’Reilly (Stockport, UK), Pilar Orellana ities involved in the strategy of uro-nephrological diseases and (Santiago, Chile), Monica Rossleigh (Sydney, Australia), to evaluate the potential place of various techniques in the Michael Rutland (Auckland, New Zealand) and Andrew management of patients. The basic structure of the sympo- Taylor (Atlanta, USA). Thanks also to the experts of all special- sium was therefore centred on a series of clinical topics, all of ities who contributed by their outstanding presentations to the them characterized by a significant number of controversial success of this multidisciplinary event. Their lectures were the matters: determination of renal function in child and in adult, starting materials for the different chapters of this book. All of antenatally detected hydronephrosis, renal obstruction in this would not have been possible without the help of the adults, renovascular hypertension, renal infection in child- organizing committee (Joseph Lecloirec, MD and Mrs Maïté hood. Radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, physiolo- Lepelletier) who did a great job in making this conference one gists, paediatric and adult nephrologists, paediatric and adult of the most exciting meetings ISCORN has ever experienced. urologists, all eminent experts in their respective fields, devel- Finally sincere thanks to Tyco France and Tyco USA whose oped the state of the art and constituted then a large panel for role in sponsoring the meeting has been essential. Alain Prigent, Paris, France Amy Piepsz, Brussels, Belgium Editors
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