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y»,» » » * * Please handlethisvolume withcare. TheUniversityofConnecticut Libraries,Storrs 3 T153 DDflSTVDD 1 FUN WITH FLUT€S BY DAVID DUSHKIN BOOK D€SIGN AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY ALFR€D D. ST€RG€S TH€ UNIV€RSITY OF CHICAGO PR€SS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NOTICE ATLEASTONEOFTHE EDGESOFTHIS MAGAZINE HASBEEN LEFTUNTRIMMED, BECAUSEOFAN EXTREMELYNARROW MARGIN. HERTZBERG-NEWMETHOD INC A THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS,CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THEBAKER£•TAYLORCOMPANY,NEWYORK;THECAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS,LONDON;THEMARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA,TOKYO,OSAKA,KYOTO, FUKUOKA,SENDAI; THE COMMERCIAL PRESS, LIMITED,SHANGHAI COPYRIGHT1934BYTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. PUBLISHEDDECEMBER1934. COMPOSEDBYTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO PRESS,ANDPRINTEDINCHICAGO,ILLINOIS,U.S.A. FOR6WORD # ThisbookisoneofthemostoriginalcontributionsthatIhaveeverseentowarddevelopingalove formusicamongyoungpeople. Itdemonstratesadeepunderstandingofchildpsychology. Thelittle flute which the author has designed is described therein so charmingly thatevery child will want to learn how to play it, and this will be a wonderful starting-pointfor the child's musical development inmanydirections. Iamconvinced thattheauthorofthisbook, Mr. DavidDushkin,hasdeveloped animportantnewapproachwhichwillhaveanexcellentinfluenceonthemusicalfutureofourcountry. Walter Damrosch INTRODUCTION Thisbookisthefirstofaseriesplannedtopresentatypeofinstrumentwhichcanbetaughtinashorttimetoyoungorinex- perienced people, and which, in some cases, can be builtby them in theirhomes orschools. • Itistheauthor'sbeliefthatinstruments easy toplayandyetcapableoftruly musical tonewouldgofartoward solvingthe problemofmanythousandsofyoungAmericanswhowouldotherwisefeelthatmusicisnotforthem, becausetheylackthe time orthatqualityoftalentnecessarytoplayadequatelysuchinstrumentsastheviolin,cello,clarinet,etc. Inadditiontothis, the influenceofsuchinstrumentsuponyoungchildrenintheirfirstmonthsofmusicstudyhasbeenfoundvaluable. Obviously,an instrumentuponwhichtheycanplaymelodiesalmostfromthefirsttry,whichtheycanbuild themselves,and which they can enjoyinthecompanyoftheirplaymates,willquicklyendearitself. Usedinthisway,itisapttoserveasan ideal preparation or accompaniment to the study of any of the major instruments. 9 While the flute alone is discussed indetailhere, thereisattheendofthebookabriefdescriptionoftwootherinstruments which are also now beingmanufactured,1 and for which the texts are beingprepared. Teachers who wish to use these instru- mentsinconnectionwiththeflutewillfindthatmuchofthemusichasbeenarrangedsothatitcanbeplayed on all three, either soloorincombination,aswellasonthepiano. Ifthepiecesinthisbookarefoundtobetoo difficultor tooeasy, theauthorwill begladtosuggestadditionalappropriatematerialuponrequestthroughthepublishers. Hewillalsointhiswaybeableto an- swerquestionsconcerningthe makingof the fluteor the mannerofplayingit. IwishtoacknowledgewiththanksthehelpgiventomeintheearlystagesofthisbookbyMissLouiseMohroftheWinnetka PublicSchools,alsototheteachersoftheGlencoePublicSchools,theChicagoLatinSchool, and theFrancis ParkerSchool, in whichImademyfirstexperimentsintheusesofthisflute. IamverygratefultoMissElizabethWilder,who helped merevise the text. 1BytheWurlitzerGrandPianoCo. TH€ STORY OF TH€ FLUT€ ® Long,longagobeforetherewereanyhousesin theworld,somemenoneeve- ningsataroundafireinagreatcave. Manyofthemhadcurleduponthe ground CHAPT€R ON€ and fallen asleep. Some were talking together. They were cavemen, and they weretiredbecausetheyhadbeenhuntingalldayintheforestwiththeirstoneaxes andflint-headedspears. Theyworeclothesmadeofskins,andnoneofthemhad everhadhishaircut. Noneofthemknewhowtoreadandwrite,buttheycould tellstoriestoeachotherastheysataroundthefire. Theyalsoknewhowtodraw beautifully;onthewallsoftheircavestheypaintedpicturesoftheanimalstheysawintheirwanderingsthroughtheforests. 9 Oneofthehunterswasplayingwithalongslenderleg-bone. Itwasbareofmeat, and ithadlain nearthefireuntil itwas dryinsideandout. Themanpokedatthehollowcenterofthebonewithasmallstickuntilitwasquiteclean. Itwassosmooth andwhitethathethoughthemightscratchapictureofafatdeeron it. Then somethingexcitinghappened. Henoticedthat whenheblewonit,itmadeasurprisingwhistlingsound,likethewindinthebranches,orlikeavoice. 9 Heshowedittohisfriends,andtheywereverypleased,too. Theyhuntedfornicelong,hollow,straightbonesandtriedto makeflutesforthemselves. Perhapsweshouldnotcareforthesoundofthesefirstlittleflutesofbone. Buttheyweretheonly onesthecavemenhadeverheard,andtheythoughtthemveryfineindeed. Oftenwhentheywerefullofsadnessorofjoy they playedonthem. Theylikedthesoundoftheirflutessomuchthattheyimaginedeventhebeastsoftheforestwouldcomeout tohearthem. Theyputskinsovertheirheadsso thattheanimalswouldnotrecognizethematfirstandbefrightened. Then theypiped on theflutes, and theanimalscameoutoftheirhidingplaces. Thatiswhatthecave man who made thedrawing onthenextpageshowsus. Canyoutellwhich isthemanandwhich is thegoat, andwhichis thebuffalo? Eventothisday, inpartsofAfrica,peoplehuntinjustthisway. 9 Astimepassed,peoplelearnedtomakeflutesmorecleverly,justastheylearnedtomakewovenclothes,earthenpots,and houses ofmud-bricksandwood. Theylearnedthatbypiercing several holes in the sideofthe flutetheycould makedifferent soundsandevenplayatune. Theyhadveryfewtools,buttheyexperimentedtoseewhatmaterialwouldmakethebestflute. Sometimes they molded a hollow tube of damp clay, and then hardened it over a fire. Reeds and bamboo stalks were very useful,becausethey camealready hollowed out. 9 Ifyoushouldmakeafluteyourself, nomatterhow sweetitsounded, you wouldprobably wantto make anotherandstill betterone. Ithasbeen thatwaywitheverybodywhohastried tomakeflutes. So, littlebylittle, peoplelearned agreatdeal aboutthem. Ifonemandiscoveredaverygoodwayoffixingtheendofhisflute,hetoldittohissons,andtheytoldittotheir sons,sothatflutesweremadebetterandbetter. J # InEgyptmenbecameveryskilfulinflute-making. Theyknewhowtomakehandsomeinstrumentsofrarewoodsandcostly materials,likegoldandivory. Evenso,itwasveryhardworktomakeafluteinthosedays. Rememberthattheyhadfewtools andno machinery to help them. The tools they used were nothalfas good as thoseyou can buy in anyhardwarestorenow. Itsometimestookthemdaystomakeanddecorateasimpleflutewhichyoucanyourselffinishinafewhours. Thatiswhyit happenedthatsomemenbegan tospendall theirtimeinmakingflutes. Therewereotherpeoplewholovedtoplayflutes, al- though they didnotknowhow to make them. So they boughtthem oftheflute-makers. Itwasmuchmoreconvenientto do that, and theycouldbe sureofgettingafineflute. Butinanotherway itwas toobad, becausemakingyourfluteisfun, too, and youcan make itjustthewayyou like. # The Egyptians had a great deal of beautiful music. They TH€ HUNT€R PLAYS HIS FLUT€ had not learned how to write it down, however, so we can only ^ guess how it sounded. Even today in Egypt you can see flute- players sitting on the street-corners, ready to play for anyone whowants tolisten. # LookatthetwopicturestheEgyptiansmadeofboyslearning ^^#ggf^^B ^^^^^mMM toplay theflute. Oneofthem isevidently doingverywell. But 1 -5CT theothermusthaveneglectedtopracticehismusic-lesson,forhe um ^0% seems to be playing so badly that his teacher has put his hand overhisearinprotest. Youcanseewhatfine,straight,longflutes they had. You can see also that these two flutes are different. Oneisblownattheendandheldoutstraightinfront,whilethe I'^B otherisblownattheside. 1 i # TheGreeks,too,wereveryfondofthemusicofflutes. There was hardly an occupation or a profession that did notcall upon [Kr**™ theflute-playerandhisartfrom timetotimetohelpinitscere- monies. The flute-players used to stay in the market-place, so P^\2 thatwhenyouwereorderingthechickenandthecheeseandthe lis, nutsforyourdinner-partyyoucouldordertheflute-playerstoo. mm Theyalwayshadthemusicofflutesatweddings, andatdances, and atthetheater, and in processions, and in the temples. hlli