Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics

424 Pages·1995·16.03 MB·English

by  M. B. Porter (auth.)

FULL FIELD INVERSION METHODS IN OCEAN AND SEISMO-ACOUSTICS
MODERN APPROACHES IN GEOPHYSICS
fonnerly Seismology and Exploration Geophysics
VOLUME 12
Managing Editor
G. Nolet, Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences,
Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board
B. L. N. Kennett, Research School of Earth Sciences,
The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
R. Madariaga, Institut Physique du Globe, Universite Paris VI, France
R. Marschall, Geco-Prakla, Prakla-Seismos GMBH, Hannover,
Germany
R. Wortel, Department of Theoretical Geophysics,
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
FULL FIELD INVERSION
METHODS IN OCEAN
AND SEISMO-ACOUSTICS
edited by
O.DIACHOK
SACLANT Undersea Research Centre,
La Spezia, Italy
A. CAITI
University of Genova , Italy
P.GERSTOFf
SACLANT Undersea Research Centre,
La Spezia, Italy
and
H. SCHMIDT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, U.S.A.
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Full field Inversion methods In ocean and selsmo-acoustlcs I edited by
D. Dlachok ... let al.l.
p. cm. -- (Modern approaches 1n geophys 1c s ; v. 12)
Inc 1u des 1n dex_
1. Underwater acoustics. 2. Inversion (GeophysiCS) I. Dlachok.
D. II. Series.
QC242.2.F85 1995
620.2·5--dc20 95-11663
CIP
ISBN 978-90-481-4545-4 ISBN 978-94-015-8476-0 (eBook)
DOl 10.1 007/978-94-015-8476-0
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1995
copyright holders as specified on appropriate pages within.
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Photographs xiv
Section 1 - Speed and Accuracy of Replica Field Computations
Model validation for direct and inverse problems (Invited paper)
M.B. Porter 3
Parallelism in ocean acoustic computations (Invited paper)
e.
P. Mignerey 9
Propagation and inversion in complex ocean environments (Invited paper)
M.D. Collins, W.A. Kuperman and WL. Siegman 15
Fast and accurate finite element methods for the numerical
prediction of the acoustic field
N.A. Kampanis 21
Direct wave propagation in the frequency domain via the
Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator symbol
L. Fishman and M.D. Collins 27
Efficient acoustic field computation for estimating geoacoustic
bottom parameters using matched-field inversion
N.G. Henson, D.E. Hannay, P. Scrimger and S.E. Dosso 33
Weakly divergent bundles of rays and their possible use
in inverse methods of ocean acoustics
L.M. Brekhovskikh, V. V. Goncharov and v.M. Kurtepov 39
Parallel implementation of a 3-D range-dependent ray model
for replica field generation
L.D. Dozier and P. Lallement 45
Some improvement of the shortest path ray tracing algorithm
Z. Weber 51
A three-dimensional, broadband, coupled normal-mode sound propagation
modeling approach
e.S. Chiu, I.H. Miller, W W Denner and l.F. Lynch 57
Development of an acoustic field predictor in a three-dimensional
oceanic environment
F. Sturm, M.e. Pelissier and D. Fattaccioli 63
Three-dimensional sound propagation in an ocean
overlaying an elastic bottom
G.J. Orris, M.D. Collins, G.B. Deane and M.B. Porter 69
vi CONTENTS
Section 2 - Signal Processing and Global Search Strategies 77
Parameter estimation theory bounds and the accuracy of full field
inversions (Invited paper)
A.B. Baggeroer and H. Schmidt 79
Physics-imposed resolution and robustness issues in seismo-acoustic
parameter inversion
H. Schmidt and A. B. Baggeroer 85
Statistical approach to ocean acoustic tomography, Cramer-Rao
bounds for accuracy of sound-speed field reconstruction
V. V. Borodin and G.R. Minasian 91
Statistical formulation of Ray interference and mode acoustic tomography
and its potential accuracy evaluation
V. V. Borodin and G.R. Minasian 97
Precision and sensitivity of coherent and incoherent inversion methods:
a comparative study
M.J. Rendas, G. Bienvenu and 1.M.F. Moura 103
A sensitivity study for full-field inversion of geoacoustic data with a towed
array in shallow water
S.M. lesus 109
Optimizing environmental parametrization and experimental design
for shallow water sound speed inversion
N.c. Makris, G.S. Perkins, S.P. Heckel and 1. Catipovic 115
Iterative full-field inversion using simulated annealing
C. Siedenburg, N. Lehtomaki, 1. Arvelo, K. Rao, and H. Schmidt 121
A comparative study of two wave-theoretic inversion schemes
in ocean acoustic tomography
G. Athanassoulis, 1. Papadakis, E. Skarsoulis and M. Taroudakis 127
Direct inverse estimation for a fluctuating shallow water environment
R.M.Oba 133
Null space reduction in the linearized tomographic inversion
A. Vesnaver 139
Non-linear inversion of seismic data by successive approximation
of model parameter probability distribution functions
W.T. Wood and M.K. Sen 147
Experimental confirmation of focalization
A. Kristensen, A. Caiti, F. Ingenito, M.D. Max, 1.M. Berkson, M.D. Collins
L. T. Fialkowski, N. C. Makris, B.E. McDonald,
1.S. Perkins and w.A. Kuperman 153
Estimation of bottom parameters from real data
by genetic algorithms
M. Lambert, P. Gerstoft, A. CaW and R. Ambj¢rnsen 159
CONTENTS vii
Matched field inversion for geoacoustic properties
of young ocean crust (Invited paper)
N.R. Chapman and K.S. Ozard 165
Determination of the geoacoustical parameters of a sedimentary layer
from surface acoustic waves: a neural network approach
1. Guilbot and F. Magand 171
Seafloor parameter estimation: approximating the inverse map
through RBF networks
A. Caiti, T. Parisini and R. Zoppoli 177
Feature extraction and classification of underwater acoustic signals
Q. Huynh, W. Greene and 1. Impagliazzo 183
Model-based matched filter processing: a broadband approach
to shallow-water inversion.
J.P. Hermand 189
Model-based inversion for a shallow ocean application
1. V. Candy and E. J. Sullivan 195
Section 3 - Sonar and Source Technology 203
A large dynamic range vertical array of acoustic sensors (Invited paper)
W.S. Hodgkiss, J.e. Nickles, G.L. Edmonds, R.A. Harriss and G.L. D'Spain 205
Low-frequency transducer technology in Ukraine (Invited paper)
v.T. GrinchenkoandI.V. Vovk 211
Low-frequency sources for ocean acoustic tomography
M.M. Slavinsky, B.N. Bogolubov, J.L. Spiesberger 217
Transducers for low-frequency communications
M. Letiche, S. Marselli, P. Eriksen, R. Coates and Y. Qingshan 223
A low diffraction beam technique for scanning in the shallow ocean
D.K. Lewis 229
Section 4 - Ocean Parameter Estimation 235
Forward modeling of the Barents Sea tomography vertical line array data
and inversion highlights (Invited paper)
e.S. Chiu, J.H. Miller, W. W. Denner and J.F. Lynch 237
Long vertical arrays in acoustical sounding of the ocean
A. Voronovic 243
Study of the significance of an improvement in tomography methodology
through a joint assessment of arrival angles and times
e. Noel, F. Evennou, Y. Stephan and M.e. Pelissier 249
Acoustic modeling and measurements in the Bay of Biscay
in a double sofar channel
Y. Stephan, F. Evennou and F.R. Martin-Lauzer 255
viii CONlENTS
A full field inversion method for acoustic tomography of ocean currents
O.A. Godin, D. Y. Mikhin and A. V. Mokhov 261
Depth variation of acoustic horizontal refraction through a cold-core
ocean eddy
M.V. Hall 267
Stochastic bathymetric effects on matched field processing
1.F. Smith III, O. Diachok, R. Heitmeyer and E. Livingston 273
Matched-field inversion for source location and equivalent
bathymetry
S.E. Dosso and P. Zakarauskas 279
The inversion kernel in group travel time tomography
B.E. McDonald 285
Travel time inversion of marine seismic data for ocean sound speed
reconstruction
G. Boehm, A. Crise and A. Vesnaver 291
Section 5 - Geoacoustic Parameter Estimation 297
Waveform inversion for geoacoustic parameters of the ocean bottom
in shallow water: matched mode method
S.D. Rajan 299
A review of modal inversion methods for inferring geoacoustic properties
in shallow water (Invited paper)
G. V.Frisk 305
Experimental techniques for bottom parameter inversion
in shallow water (Invited paper)
R.D. Stoll and T. Akal 311
Global inversion of acoustic field data in shallow water
using genetic algorithms
D.F. Gingras and P. Gerstoft 317
Improving the sensitivity of full-field geoacoustic inversion
for estimating bottom sound speed profiles
T.e. Yang and T. Yates 323
Modal analysis of data from synthetic aperture arrays in a shallow water
waveguide using a non linear multidimensional parametric method
E. Parastates 329
Matched field 3-D tomographic inversion (Invited paper)
A. Tolstoy 335
Experimental horizontal wave number spectra and implication
for full field processing
I.A. Doutt, R.I. Cederberg, R.B. Evans, S.D. Rajan, W.M. Carey
and WL. Siegmann 341
CONTENTS ix
Inverting ambient noise in shallow water for the bottom geo-acoustic
parameters (Invited paper)
M.J. Buckingham, G.B. Deane and NM. Carbone 347
Inversion and sandy ocean sediments
NP. Chotiros 353
Bottom parameter estimations in shallow water by means of field
inversion methods
V.G. Petnikov, B.G. Katsnel'son 359
Influences of sediment variability on broadband acoustic wave propagation
in shallow water
M. Badiey 365
Shear wave properties from inversion of Scholte wave data
B.H. Ali and M.K. Broadhead 371
Full waveform inversion of seismic interface wave data
L.D. Bibee and L.M. Dorman 377
Detection of high shear wave velocities in marine sediment by inversion with
simulated annealing
D.A. Lindwall, M.K. Sen and 1.F. Gettrust 383
Modeling and inversion of the elasto-dynamic equations (Invited paper)
B. Ursin and H. Zhao 389
Linearized inversion in viscoelastic media
1.0. Blanch and W. W. Symes 395
Inverting sea bed acoustic parameters from reverberation data
1.L. Bishop, M. T. Sundvik and D. W. Grande 401
List of participants 407
Index 417
PREFACE
In the past few years major advances in several fields have converged, resulting in a new
approach to acoustic sensing of the ocean: full-field inversion methods. These methods
exploit amplitude and phase information of the acoustic field, thereby extending
traditional inversion schemes based on time-of-flight measurements. Most generally the
scheme is based on matching, i.e., correlation of modes or interference patterns measured
on large aperture array(s) through iteration of ocean and marine geological parameters.
The major components of the inversion concept include:
(a) low-frequency source and large aperture receiving array technology and
instrumentation for precisely localizating sources, the array and the elements
within the array;
(b) an aperture long enough to measure spatial diversity in the field;
(c) a set of parameters that efficiently and accurately describes the physical
properties of the ocean and/or bottom;
(d) a high speed, precise acoustic field prediction algorithm;
(e) an effective algorithm for correlating measured and predicted fields; and
(f) a search algorithm that reliably and efficiently finds the global maximum in the
correlation search space of the unknown ocean and/or marine geological
parameters.
To review the state of the art of this method for probing the ocean environment, NATO's
SACLANT Undersea Research Centre hosted a conference entitled Full Field Inversion
Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics which was held in Lerici, Italy in June 1994.
Over sixty papers were presented covering analytical procedures and experimental
strategies for applying full field methods for inversion of ocean and marine geological
parameters. The Conference brought together a diverse array of specialists from western
nations, and for the first time at a NATO-sponsored Conference, scientists from former
Eastern bloc nations. All of the papers were peer reviewed.
The papers in this volume are grouped into five sections:
1. Speed and Accuracy of Replica Field Computations
2. Signal Processing and Global Search Strategies
3. Source and Receiving Array Technology
4. Ocean Parameter Estimation
5. Geoacoustic Parameter Estimation
xi