Table Of Content

Spanish Basic Course UNITS 46-55 Hosted for free on livelingua.com SPOKEN SPANISH PREFACE The present volume, which completes the Basic Spanish course of the Foreign Service Institute, differs in several respects from the previous volumes of the series, since experience with the text has shown that certain features which were useful in early units become unnecessary at a more advanced stage. Thus the '~id to Listening" column consisting of a phonetic respelling has been dropped as no longer nec- essary for students whose basic pronunciation habits have become established. Similarly, the replacement and variation drills based on the basic sentences have been eliminated in favor of other types of exer- cises which seemed more useful to relatively advanced students. The format of the Conversation Stimulus sections has been changed so that instead of being limited to closely directed conversation the student is encouraged to express himself more freely on the basis of suggested situations. Every member of the Spanish staff has made contributions to this text in one form or another: however, special credit should be given to the following persons: David A. Griffin, former head of the Spanish section, was largely responsible for the produc- tion of Unit 46. Hugo Montero and Ismael Silva-Fuenzalida, former members of the staff, contributed in several units to the Basic Sentences and reading selections respectively. Of the present staff, these persons have made specially valuable contributions: Vicente Arbeláez (Colombia), Américo Ciuffardi (uruguay), Bolívar Cobos (Ecuador), Mario Parreaguirre (Costa Rica), Rosa- linda Pineda (México), Beatriz Rourk (Nicaragua), and Roberto Whyte (Spain). The Index and Table of Con- tents were prepared by Marianne Lehr. Except as above noted, the general format of the book is that established in the preceding three volumes, edited by Robert P. Stockwell, J. Donald Bowen, and Ismael Silva-Fuenzalida. ~~ H. E. Sollenberger Dean, School of Languages Foreign Service Institute 0.1 Hosted for free on livelingua.com CONTENTS SPOREN SPANISH TABLE OF CONTENTS 46.1 Basic sentences - Jose gets sick •••.•••.••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.•.•.•••••.•••••. 46.1 46.2 Drills and grarmnar . 46.4 46.21 Pattern drills e ••••• 46.4 46.21.1 Comparison of identity and simi1arity ••••••••••..•.••...••.••••••••••••••••.•.•••.• 46.4 46.21.2 Word order: subj ect and verb . 46.10 46.21.21 Translation dril1 (emphatic new form) ••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••.•••.••.••••••.•• 46.13 46.21.22 Response drill . 46.13 46.21.23 Translation drill (unemphatic new form) •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 46.15 46.21.3 Position of adverbial phrase modifier •••••••••••..•••.•••••••••••••.••.••.••••.••.. 46.17 46.21.31 Substitution dril1 . 46.18 46.22 Review drills . 46.20 46.22.1 Lack of construction corre1ation .•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••.• 46.20 46.22.11 English verb + object: Spanish verb + relator + object ••••••.••••••....•.••••••••.• 46.20 46.22.12 English verb + object: Spanish ref1exive verb + relator + object ••••.•••••..•.•••.• 46.21 46.22.2 Stem changing verbs in present tense •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••.••••••••.• 46.21 46.22.3 Nomina1ization in comparisons .•.••.••.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••••••• 46.22 46.3 Conversation stimulus . 46.23 46.4 Readings . 46.24 46.41 Life in Surlandia . 46.24 46.41.1 Reading se1ection - Una Convenci6n ••.•.••••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• 46.24 46.42 Features . 46.32 46.42.1 Reading se1ection - Inversiones Extranjeras en la América Latina ••••..•••...•••.••• 46.32 47.1 Basic sentences - Juan and Jose discuss language •..•.•..•.•••••••••••.••••••••••••• 47.1 47.2 Dr ills and graInInar . 47.8 47.21 Pattern drills . 47.8 47.21.1 Th.e past subjunctive . 47.8 47.21.11 Substitution dri11 47.13 47.21.12 Tense substitution . 47.15 47.21.13 Patterned response drill . 47.18 47.21.2 Th.e present perfect and past perfect subjunctives •.••••..••••••••••••.•.•••.••••••• 47.21 0.2 Hosted for free on livelingua.com SPOKEN SPANISH CONTENTS 47.22 Review dri11 ....•..............•.....•..•.....•.•.••.•.•........................... 47.32 47.22.1 Spanish verb + relator + infinitive ••.••••...•........•.••..••..•.••..........•.... 47.32 47.22.2 Th.e intensifier mismo ...•......••...•..•....•....•..•.•..••.•••.••....•.•....••.... 47.34 47.22.3 Hortatory Ref1exives ..•.........••....•......••....•...•....•.•.•••................ 47.34 47.3 Conversation stimu1us ......•..•..•..•.....••..•.......•.••....•••................•. 47.35 47.4 Readings .........................•..•.................•••......••.......•........•. 47.36 47.41 Life in Sur1andia •....................•.....................•........•..•..••....•. 47.36 47.41.1 Reading se1ection - Un Día Memorable .•...••...............•••.•...................• 47.36 48.1 Basic sentences - Th.e Binationa1 Centers •.......•...•••.•.••..•.••.......•......... 48.1 48.2 Dri11s and granunar .....................•....••..•..•........•..•.•.•....•..•.....•• 48.7 48.21 Pattern dri11s ...........•................................•......•..•....•...•..... 48.7 48.21.1 Th.e conditiona1 tense and the conditiona1 perfect construction ••....•........•..•.. 48.7 48.21.12 Response dri11 •..............................•....•...•......•...........••.....•.. 48.14 48.21.13 Trans1ation dri11s ....•......•........•..............••.........•..............•... 48.15 48.21.2 Conditiona1 sentences with a subjunctive verb and a conditiona1 verb •.•••....•..... 48.17 48.21.21 Substitution dri11s .......•..•.•••..........••.......•.•.•....•..•.......•.•....... 48.20 48.21.22 Response dri11 •••.......•....••...•......••••............•..•..•.•.......•.......•. 48.24 48.21.23 Trans1ation dri11 .•......•...••.•.....•..••.••...............•..........•.......... 48.26 48.21.3 The periphrastic conditiona1 ..•••....•.•.•..••••..••.....•.••.••..••...••....•..... 48.27 48.21.31 Substitution dri11 - Construction substitution .•.•......•......••..•...•..•......•. 48.29 48.21.32 Trans1ation dri11 ..............•..••....•..........•••••....•.............•...•.... 48.30 48.22 Review d:ri11 ..........•..•.•...•...•...••••............•.•.......•................. 48.32 48.22.1 The neUCEr artic1e /10/ with nomina1ized adjectives ............••.................. 48.32 48.22.2 Stem changing verbs in Past 1 .........................•............................ 48.32 48.22.3 The present progressive construction with a1ternate conjugated verbs ..........•.... 48.33 48.3 Conversation stimu1us •...•..........•••....•.••........•.•....•••.......•......•... 48.34 48.4 Rea.dings .............................••...•....•...•.••.....•.•••.................. 48. 36 48.41 Features ..................................•..•..........•....•..•......••.•........ 48.36 48.41.1 Reading se1ection - Progreso y Salud Pública ••.•..•.......•.•..••.............•.... 48.36 49.1 Basic sentences - Carmen's cousin runs for congress .......•..•••••................. 49.1 49.2 Dr i11s and granunar ........................•.....•......•.......•................... 49.6 0.3 Hosted for free on livelingua.com CONTENTS SPOKEN SPANISH 49.21 Pattern dri11s ....•.•..••...•.•••...........................•...•.....•............ 49.6 49.21.1 The future tense and the future perfect construction ................•............•. 49.6 49.21.11 Substitution dri11s ..•.................•............................•.•.••.....•..• 49.9 49.21.12 Response dri11 .........•.••.•..••...•..............•....•....•.•...............•... 49.15 49.21.13 Trans1ation dri11 .......••.....•.......•...•...............•.•..•.......•.......... 49.16 49.21.2 Conditiona1 sentences •••....•...........••................................•........ 49. 18 49.21.21 Substitution dri11s .....•.......•....•..•••..............•......••.....•........... 49.20 49.21.22 Rep1acement dri11s .......•.•.•................•.......•............•............... 49.22 49.22 Review dr i11s ............•.•...........................•..........................• 49.26 49.22.1 Irregular present-irregu1ar Past 1 forms .•.............................•.•......... 49.26 49.22.2 Gender in pronouns after phrase re1ators ...............•..•........................ ~9.27 49.22.3 Eng1ish-Spanish 1ack of construction corre1ations ...•..•....•.......•............•. 49.29 49.3 Conversation stimu1us ••.....••.•......•.....•...........•.•..•.••.................. 49.30 49.4 Readings .............••........•.......................•..•..•..................•.. 49. 33 49.41.1 Reading se1ection - Mediodía en la Capital ......................•.................. 49.33 50.1 Basic sentences - Adaptation of Americans in Sur1andia ..............•.............. 50.1 50.2 Dri11s and granunar .....•..............••....•.........•.........•.................. 50.5 50.21 Pattern dri11s .....•..•.....•..•..........•............•....•...............•.•.•.. 50. 5 50.21.1 Past subjunctive in main c1auses •............•........•.........................•.. 50. 5 50.21.11 Substitution dri11s ..............•..........................•.•...........•........ 50.6 50.21.12 Trans1ation dri11 •..............•.........•........................•............... 50.8 50.21.2 Past subjunctive after ojalá, aunque and como si ........•......•..............•.... 50.9 50.21.21 Substitution dri11s .............................................................•.. 50.10 50.21.22 Patterned response dri11 1 ....................................•.................... 50.14 50.21.23 Patterned response dri11 11 .........................•.....•................•....... 50.15 50.21.24 Trans1ation dri11 .............................•.....•....•....•......•............• 50.15 50.21.25 Trans1ation dri11 - paired sentences ...........•................................... 50.16 50.22 Review dr i 11s ............................••.........••......•...•.............•.... 50 . 2 O 50.22.1 Spanish indirect c1it ~c for Eng1ish 'for' ...................•...........•..•....... 50.20 50.22.2 Spanish second person familiar conunands ...........•..•..••..•.•...•....•........•.. 50.21 50.22.3 Past 1, Past perfect, ~nd Present perfect in contrast ..••..•......•............•... 50.23 0.4 Hosted for free on livelingua.com SPOKEN SPANISH COR'l'ENTS 50.3 Conversation stimu1us ..........•...•..•••••..•......•..••••..••..•••....•..•••••••• 50.25 50.4 Readings 50.27 50.41 Features '........................................................... 50.27 50.41.1 Reading se1ection - La Lotería y Ud. • ..•••..•....•......•..•••••.•.••...•..••.•.... 50.27 51.1 Basic sentences - An accident •••..••..•.•..•••..•....•••....•••.•••••...••.••••...• 51.1 51.2 Drills and granunar 51. 5 51.21 Pattern dri11s ...••...••.•.........•....••••.••....••••..••.••••••••...•.•.•.•.••.. 51. 5 51.21.1 lndicative and subjunctive after expressions of uncertainty ••••••..•....•••...•••.. 51.5 51.21.11 Substitution dri11 .••..••...•........•..•..•..•...........••.•..••••.•.•.••.••..••• 51.6 51.21.2 The future and conditiona1 of probabi1ity •.......•..•.••......•.••..•..•••••••.•••• 51.8 51.21.21 Substitution dri11 .....................••.•............•.••..•.•••..•••...•.•.....• 51.10 51.21.22 Patterned response dri11 1 •.......................•..•..•.......•••••.•.••••.••••.. 51.11 51.21.23 Patterned response dri11 11 .•...........••••......•.•...•.••.•••..•••.•.•.••••...•. 51.13 51.21.3 The passive voice 51.18 51.21.31 Substitution dri11s •.•••.•..•...•...•.............•...•.•••••...•••.••.•••.•.••••.. 51.19 51.21.32 Response dri11 - paired sentences •....•.••......•....••.....••••..••••....•..••.... 51.23 51.22 Review dri11s .........•..............••............•..•.•..••.•..•••••••.....•.•.•• 51.26 51.22.1 Formal and familiar forms of address in Past 1 ..•..............•.................•. 51.26 51.22.2 Past 1 and Past 11 in contrast ...••.......•...........•.....•.•.••.•.....•.•.••.... 51.27 51.22.3 Cormnands with velar stem extended verbs ..........•...........•..•.•.•.••••.•.•..... 51.28 51.3 Conversation stimulus .............•..••.•.•......•.•...............•..•.......••... 51.29 51.4 Readings .•........••....•.................•.•........•.....•••••...•......••...•.•. 51. 31 51.41 Life in Surlandia ..•..•...............•..••.•.......•..•.....••••..••...•....•....• 51.21 51.41.1 Reading selection - Elecciones Congresa1es: La Víspera .••..•••...•.•...•.•..••...• 51.31 ~.1 Basic sentences - Jose sets the date ..•.•.••..••...•......•.•.••..•.•.........•.•.. ~.l ~.2 Dril1s and grarnrnar ..•••..•.............•.••.•...••..•...•.•••••....•...........•... ~. 8 ~.21 Pattern drills •.......••........•..•..•.•.•..•..••...••.•.•.••••••••....••••..•..•. ~. 8 ~.21.1 Pero vs. sino: specia1 uSPS of sino ...•.••••.•••••.••..••••.••.•..•••.•.••.•.•..•.. ~.8 ~ .21.11 Patterned response dri11 1 ................•..........•....•.•••••••............•... ~. 9 ~ .21.12 Trans1ation drill ..••....•.. "'...................................................... ~ .10 0.5 Hosted for free on livelingua.com CONTBNTS SPOKBN SPANISH 52.21.13 Patterned response dri11 11 52.12 52.21.14 Construction substitution dri1l ...........................................•....•.. 52.13 52.21.2 Constructions with desde, desde que, hace, desde hace, hacía, desde hacía 52.14 52 .21.21 Patterned response drill 1 .•••••.•••••••.•••.........•..•••••••••.•••••••..•••••.• 52.15 52 .21.22 Patterned response drill 11 •••......••..•...•...•.••....•..•.•••••.••..•.•..••••.• 52 .16 52.21.3 Adjective position •........•.............................•..•..•..•..•.....•...••. 52.20 52 .21. 31 Patterned response drill 1 .............•........................•••....•••........ 52 .21 52 .21. 32 Patterned response dril1 11 •••....•.••••••...•.•.•••••...••••••.•.•••.•••••••.•••. 52.24 52 .21. 33 Construction substitution drill ...••.................•.•.•.••.•..••........•••.... 52.26 52 .21. 34 Translation drill - paired sentences ..•.•.......•..•..•......••.......•..••••.•..• 52.27 52.22 Review drill 52.31 52 .22.1 Past 1 and Past 11 ••••.••••••••••••••.••••.•••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52.31 52 .22.2 Eng1ish noun-noun: Spanish noun-relator-noun •........•......•.•••.....•.......••.• 52.33 52.22.3 Sequence of tenses with subjunctive constructions .......•...•.•.•..•..•..••...••.. 52.34 52.3 Conversation stimulus .•..•.........•.....•.••.......•...•..•••..•••....••..••••... 52.35 52.4 Readings .............•.....•.............•.••..............•....•.•...••••..•.••.• 52.37 52.41 Life in Sur1andia .............•.............•............•...•....•....••••.••.•.• 52.37 52.41.1 Reading selection - Elecciones Congresa1es: Las Votaciones ....••.••..••••.....••.• 52.37 53.1 Basic sentences - White and Molina discuss literature •.••.••••....•..•.•.•..••.... 53.1 53.2 Drills and grarnmar •............ , ........••.•....•.••....••••.•••.........••••..... 53.9 53.21 Pattern drills .....•....•..••...•..••...•..•••.•....•.•••.•••.•.••...•........•••. 53.9 53.21.1 Irregular -ndo forms •..•.......•...••..•.•.•.•...••.•..•.•.••.•........••.•...•..• 53. 9 53.21.11 Construction substitution drill ......•.•....•••...•••...•••..••.••..•.•••....••.•• 53.11 53.21.12 Patterned response drills •....•••..•.•..••.••..•...........•••••••.•.•.•..•••••... 53.12 53.21.2 Re1ative pronouns ..••....•........••....•..••.......•..•••.••••••.•.•••.•..••..••• 53.13 53.21.21 Construction substitution drills ...••..•...•....•........•••...•••.••••.•..•...••• 53.15 53.21.3 Second person plural (vosotros) forms •••...••..•..•.••.••••••.•••••....•••.••••... 53.21 53.21.31 Number substitution drill ......•.............•..•.....••••.•••••..•..•••.•........ 53.25 53.21.32 Patterned response drills ................•.....•...........••••••.•••......•••.... 53.28 53.22 Review drills .......•.•..•........•...•......•.••.........•••.••..............••.. 53.31 53.22.1 Por and Para ..........••.....•........••..•.........•...•..•.•....•.•.........•••• 53.31 53.22.2 The indirect conunand ...•...............•...•..........•.....••...••........•..•.•. 53.31 0.6 Hosted for free on livelingua.com SPOKBN SPANISH CONTENTS 53.22.3 Future and conditiona1 53. 3? 53.3 Conversation stimu1us ............................•.............................. 53.33 53.4 Readings .......•...•...•...•..••................................................ 53.34 53.41 Life in Sur1andia ..•.............•.....•...............•........................ 53.34 53.41.1 Reading se1ection - No por Mucho Madrugar Amanece más Temprano 53.34 54.1 Basic sentences - A wedding present 54.1 54.2 Dri11s and grarranar ..........•......•......•..................................... 54. 5 54.21 Pattern dri11s ..•.............•.......•......................................... 54.5 54.21.1 Short answer patterns •........•...•............................................. 54. 5 54.21.12 Patterned response dri11 .•........•....•........•............................... 54.8 54.21.2 Corre1atives .•....••..............•.•.•....•.................................... 54.10 54.21.21 Construction substitution dri11 ....•......•••................................... 54.11 54.21.3 The familiar .Y.2.§. forms (the voseo) ...•....•........•............................ 54.15 54.21.31 Substitution dri11 .•...................•........................................ 54.17 54.21.32 Response dri11s ..•.•........•.........•..•.....•.•.....•........................ 54.20 54.22 Review dri11s .......••.......•............•..................................... 54.23 54.22.1 Subjunctive after c1ause re1ators ..........•........••.......................... 54.23 54.3 Conversation stimu1us 54.26 54.4 Readings ............•...........•...........•................................... 54.31 54.41 Life in Surlandia ...•.......••...•.............................................. 54.31 54.41.1 Reading selection - La Boda ..........................•.....•.................... 54.31 55.1 Basic sentences - At the wedding party 55.1 55.2 Drills and grammar .....................•.•.....................•................ 55.3 55.21 Pattern drills ....•.••............•...........•................................. 55.3 55.21.1 Sorne common derivational suffixes .•......•...................................... 55.3 55.21.1.1 The noun-forming suffix -idad 55.6 55.21.1.2 The noun-forming suffixes -~ and -er1a ..•.......•...•.................•....... 55.8 55.21.1.3 The noun-and-adjective-forming suffixes -ante and -(i)ente ..•..•................ 55.11 55.21.1.4 The noun-forming suffix -dor{a) •....•..••••••....•..•..•...................•.... 55.12 55.21.1.5 Tlle noun-forming suffix -ci6n •.•••...•.•.••..•.....•••..•....•...•...•..•...•... 55.13 0.7 Hosted for free on livelingua.com CONTENTS SPOKEN SPAHISB 55.21.1.6 The noun-forming suffix -miento ...................•..•..........•..•..•......••. 55.14 55.21.1.7 The noun-forming suffix -ista ..•........•...............•....................... 55.14 55.21.1.8 The noun-forming suffix -~ ........•...•...•••....•..................•.......... 55.16 55.21.1.9 The noun-forming suffix -eza •.•.......•......................................... 55.16 55.21.1.10 The adjective-forming suffix -oso (a) ..••.... ,................................... 55.17 55.22 Review dri11 .•..........•...•.•...•....•........•.....•......................... 55.19 55.22.1 Response dri11 - Content review of units 31-55 .......•.......................... 55.19 55.3 Conversation stimu1us ....•...•...••..................................•.......... 55.23 55.4 Readings ......•....••...•.....................•....•..•......................... 55.25 55.41 Features ......•.....•...•........•.............•.....•..........•............... 55.25 55.41.1 Reading se1ection - El Cine y la. Juventud ........•. '............................ 55.25 0.8 Hosted for free on livelingua.com SPOKEN SPANISH ON1T 46 46.1 BAS1C SENTENCES. Jose gets sick. Jose Molina, who is sick in bed, is visited by a doctor. ENGL1SH SPELL1NG SPANlSH SPELL1NG the doctor el doctor (1) to be encontrarse Jose: José: Doctor, 1 don't know what's wrong with me. 1'm Doctor, no sé lo que me pasa. Me encuentro sick. enfermo. Doctor: Doctor: How long have you been feeling this way? (2) ¿Desde cuándo se siente así? to remove itself quitarse Jose: José: For three days leve had a headache that 1 can't Hace tres días que tengo un dolor de cabeza get rid of. que no se me quita. the eye el ojo to irritate irritar Doctor: Doctor: Your eyes are red. Tiene los ojos irritados. (3) to pain, hurt doler the throat la garganta Does your throat hurt? ¿Le duele la garganta? UNO 46.1 Hosted for free on livelingua.com