Fruit Development and Seed Dispersal

372 Pages·2009·10.083 MB·English

by  Lars Ostergaard

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ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS
VOLUME 38
Fruit Development and
Seed Dispersal
Edited by
Lars Østergaard
JohnInnesCentre,NorwichResearchPark,Norwich,UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Fruit Development and Seed Dispersal Edited by Lars Østergaard
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-18946-0
i
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2010
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Fruitdevelopmentandseeddispersal/editedbyLarsØstergaard.
p.cm.–(Annualplantreviews;v.38)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4051-8946-0(hardback:alk.paper)
1.Fruit–Development. 2.Seeds–Dispersal. I.Østergaard,Lars. II.Series:Annualplant
reviews;v.38.
SB357.283.F782010
631.5–dc22 2009020417
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Annualplantreviews(Print)ISSN1460-1494
Annualplantreviews(Online)ISSN1756-9710
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PrintedinSingapore
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AnnualPlantReviews
Aseriesforresearchersandpostgraduatesintheplantsciences.Eachvolume
inthisseriesfocusesonathemeoftopicalimportanceandemphasisisplaced
onrapidpublication.
EditorialBoard:
Prof.JeremyA.Roberts(Editor-in-Chief),PlantScienceDivision,Schoolof
Biosciences,UniversityofNottingham,SuttonBoningtonCampus,
Loughborough,Leicestershire,LE125RD,UK;
DrDavidEvans,SchoolofBiologicalandMolecularSciences,Oxford
BrookesUniversity,Headington,Oxford,OX30BP;
Prof.HidemasaImaseki,Obata-Minami2419,Moriyama-ku,Nagoya463,
Japan;
DrMichaelT.McManus,InstituteofMolecularBioSciences,Massey
University,PalmerstonNorth,NewZealand;
DrJocelynK.C.Rose,DepartmentofPlantBiology,CornellUniversity,
Ithaca,NewYork14853,USA.
Titlesintheseries:
1. Arabidopsis
EditedbyM.AndersonandJ.A.Roberts
2. BiochemistryofPlantSecondaryMetabolism
EditedbyM.Wink
3. FunctionsofPlantSecondaryMetabolitesandtheirExploitationin
Biotechnology
EditedbyM.Wink
4. MolecularPlantPathology
EditedbyM.DickinsonandJ.Beynon
5. VacuolarCompartments
EditedbyD.G.RobinsonandJ.C.Rogers
6. PlantReproduction
EditedbyS.D.O’NeillandJ.A.Roberts
7. Protein–ProteinInteractionsinPlantBiology
EditedbyM.T.McManus,W.A.Laing,andA.C.Allan
8. ThePlantCellWall
EditedbyJ.K.C.Rose
9. TheGolgiApparatusandthePlantSecretoryPathway
EditedbyD.G.Robinson
10. ThePlantCytoskeletoninCellDifferentiationandDevelopment
EditedbyP.J.Hussey
11. Plant–PathogenInteractions
EditedbyN.J.Talbot
12. PolarityinPlants
EditedbyK.Lindsey
13. Plastids
EditedbyS.G.Moller
14. PlantPigmentsandtheirManipulation
EditedbyK.M.Davies
15. MembraneTransportinPlants
EditedbyM.R.Blatt
iii
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16. IntercellularCommunicationinPlants
EditedbyA.J.Fleming
17. PlantArchitectureandItsManipulation
EditedbyCGNTurnbull
18. Plasmodeomata
EditedbyK.J.Oparka
19. PlantEpigenetics
EditedbyP.Meyer
20. FloweringandItsManipulation
EditedbyC.Ainsworth
21. EndogenousPlantRhythms
EditedbyA.HallandH.McWatters
22. ControlofPrimaryMetabolisminPlants
EditedbyW.C.PlaxtonandM.T.McManus
23. BiologyofthePlantCuticle
EditedbyM.Riederer
24. PlantHormoneSignaling
EditedbyP.HaddenandS.G.Thomas
25. PlantCellSeparationandAdhesion
EditedbyJ.R.RobertsandZ.Gonzalez-Carranza
26. SenescenceProcessesinPlants
EditedbyS.Gan
27. SeedDevelopment,DormancyandGermination
EditedbyK.J.BradfordandH.Nonogaki
28. PlantProteomics
EditedbyC.Finnie
29. RegulationofTranscriptioninPlants
EditedbyK.Grasser
30. LightandPlantDevelopment
EditedbyG.Whitelam
31. PlantMitochondria
EditedbyDavidC.Logan
32. CellCycleControlandPlantDevelopment
EditedbyD.Inze´
33. IntracellularSignalinginPlants
EditedbyZYang
34. MolecularAspectsofPlantDiseaseResistance
EditedbyJaneParker
35. PlantSystemsBiology
EditedbyGloriaM.CoruzziandRodrigoA.Gutie´rrez
36. TheMossPhyscomitrellaPatens
EditedbyCeliaKnight
37. RootDevelopment
EditedbyTomBeeckman
38. FruitDevelopmentandSeedDispersal
EditedbyLarsØstergaard
iv
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CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Preface xii
1 CarpelEvolution 1
Aure´lieC.M.Vialette-GuiraudandCharlieP.Scutt
1.1 Theimportanceofhavingcarpels 1
1.2 Hypothesesofcarpelorigin 3
1.3 Aphylogeneticframeworkforstudiesofcarpelevolution 7
1.4 Amorphologicalportraitoftheancestralcarpel 10
1.5 Thegeneticcontrolofcarpeldevelopmentinthefirst
floweringplants 12
1.6 AmajorrolefortheE-functionintheoriginofthecarpel? 16
1.7 Carpelspecificationinmonocots 18
1.8 Geneduplicationandcarpelevolutioninthecoreeudicots 20
1.9 TheA-functionfindsaroleinfruitdevelopment 22
1.10 Themultipleoriginsandmechanismsofsyncarpyin
theangiosperms 23
1.11 Afruitbyanyothername:evolutionaryconvergence
betweenangiospermsandgymnosperms 26
References 27
2 GynoeciumPatterninginArabidopsis:ABasicPlanBehinda
ComplexStructure 35
EvaSundbergandCristinaFerra´ndiz
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Thebasicplaninlateralorgans 36
2.3 TheArabidopsisgynoecium 41
2.4 Geneticandhormonalfactorscontrollinggynoecium
development 43
2.5 Conclusion 57
Acknowledgements 57
References 57
3 TheInsandOutsofOvuleDevelopment 70
RaffaellaBattaglia,MonicaColomboandMartinM.Kater
3.1 Introduction 70
3.2 Originoftheovule 71
v
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vi (cid:1) Contents
3.3 OvuledevelopmentinArabidopsis 72
3.4 Sporophytictissues 73
3.5 Gametophytictissue 81
3.6 Interactionbetweenthefemalegametophyteandthe
maternalsporophyte 91
3.7 Ovuleidentitydetermination 93
References 97
4 FertilisationandFruitInitiation 107
SaraFuentesandAdamVivian-Smith
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Pollination 110
4.3 Femalereceptivityandthecessationofgynoecialgrowth 113
4.4 Additionalrestraintsonflowerdevelopmentand
fruitinitiation 115
4.5 Fertilisation 117
4.6 Hormonalcuesduringfruitinitiation 123
4.7 RNAsilencingduringfruitinitiation 141
4.8 Signaltransductionfromovuletocarpelandvascular
canalisation 145
4.9 Currentmodelsoffruitinitiation 147
4.10 Concludingremarks 150
Acknowledgements 151
References 151
5 ArabidopsisFruitDevelopment 172
AntonioMart´ınez-LabordaandAntonioVera
5.1 Introduction 172
5.2 MorphologyoftheArabidopsissilique 174
5.3 Determiningtheboundarybetweenvalveandreplum:
valvemargingenes 177
5.4 Themakingofvalvesandreplumrequiresrepression
ofvalvemargingenes 179
5.5 Suppressorsoftherplphenotype:settingupterritories 182
5.6 Amodelforpatterningthemediolateralaxisofthe
Arabidopsissilique 185
5.7 Auxin:asignalingmoleculeforthemediolateralaxis? 192
5.8 Abiotechnologicalview 195
Acknowledgements 196
References 196
6 Long-DistanceSeedDispersal 204
FrankM.Schurr,OrrSpiegel,OferSteinitz,AnaTrakhtenbrot,
AsafTsoarandRanNathan
6.1 Introduction 205
6.2 SixgeneralizationsonLDDmechanisms 214
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Contents (cid:1) vii
6.3 Avector-basedperspectiveontheevolutionand
predictabilityoflong-distanceseeddispersal 223
6.4 Futuredirections 230
Acknowledgements 231
References 231
7 SeedDispersalandCropDomestication:Shattering,
GerminationandSeasonalityinEvolutionUnder
Cultivation 238
DorianQ.FullerandRobinAllaby
7.1 Introduction 239
7.2 Lossofnaturalseeddispersalinwheatandbarley:
archaeobotanicalevidence 240
7.3 Non-shatteringinothercereals:rice,pearl
milletandmaize 246
7.4 Thegeneticsofnon-shatteringcereals 249
7.5 Reductioninseeddispersalaids 252
7.6 Non-cerealalternative:appendagehypermorphy
infibrecrops 254
7.7 Lossofnaturalseeddispersalinpulses
andothercrops 255
7.8 Germinationtraitsindomestication:theimportanceof
lossofdormancy 257
7.9 Thegeneticbasisfordormancyandgermination 260
7.10 Germinationandseedlingcompetition:changes
inseedsize 261
7.11 Thegeneticsofseedsize 271
7.12 Seasonalitycontrols:photoperiodicityand
vernalization 273
7.13 Discussion:evolutionanddevelopmentof
domesticatedseedtraits 278
References 280
8 FactorsInfluencingtheRipeningandQualityofFleshyFruits 296
CorneliusS.Barry
8.1 Introduction 296
8.2 Controloffruitripening 297
8.3 Transcriptionfactorsserveasmasterregulatorsof
fruitripening 298
8.4 Hormonalcontroloffruitripening 302
8.5 Theinfluenceoflightonfruitquality 306
8.6 Thediscoveryofaromaandflavourgenesinfruit 307
8.7 Cellwallchangesinfluencefruitquality 309
8.8 Thecuticleinfluencesfruitqualityand
postharvestlongevity 310
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viii (cid:1) Contents
8.9 GenomicsResources 311
8.10 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives 314
Acknowledgements 314
References 314
9 ParthenocarpyinCropPlants 326
TizianaPandolfini,BarbaraMolesiniandAngeloSpena
9.1 Introduction 326
9.2 Parthenocarpy 328
9.3 Auxin-synthesisparthenocarpy 329
9.4 Parthenocarpyviaauxinsignaltransduction 330
9.5 Parthenocarpyviagibberellinsignaltransduction 334
9.6 Aucsia-silencingparthenocarpy 334
9.7 Auxinsensitivityandparthenocarpy 335
9.8 Apetalousparthenocarpyandtheroleofother
floralorgans 336
9.9 Stenospermocarpy 336
9.10 Parthenocarpyinperennialcropplants 337
9.11 Parthenocarpyandfruitcropbreeding 337
9.12 Fromgreenplantstofruitcropplants 340
References 341
Index 346
Colorplatesectionappearsatthestartofthebook,beforeChapterOne
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CONTRIBUTORS
RobinAllaby
WarwickHRI,UniversityofWarwick,Wellesbourne,Warwick,United
Kingdom
CorneliusS.Barry
A32PlantandSoilSciences,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI,
USA
RaffaellaBattaglia
DipartimentodiBiologia,Universita` degliStudidiMilano,ViaCeloria26,
Milano,Italy
MonicaColombo
DipartimentodiBiologia,Universita` degliStudidiMilano,ViaCeloria26,
Milano,Italy
CristinaFerra´ndiz
InstitutodeBiolog´ıaMolecularyCelulardePlantas(UPV-CSIC),Campus
delaUniversidadPolite´cnicadeValencia,AvdadelosNaranjoss/n,
Valencia,Spain
SaraFuentes
DepartmentofCropGenetics,JohnInnesCentre,Norwich,UnitedKingdom
DorianQ.Fuller
InstituteofArchaeology,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,United
Kingdom
MartinM.Kater
DipartimentodiScienzeBiomolecolarieBiotecnologie,Universita` di
Milano,viaCeloria26,Milano,Italy
AntonioMart´ınez-Laborda
Divisio´ndeGene´tica,UniversidadMiguelHerna´ndez,CampusdeSan
Juan,Ctra.deValencias/n,03550-SanJuandeAlicante,Spain
ix