Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems

478 Pages·2000·19.62 MB·English

by  Paras N. Prasad

Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems
NATO Science Series
A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science
Programme.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Kluwer Academic Publishers in conjunction
with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Sub-Series
I. Lif e and Behavioural Sciences IOS Press
II. Mathematics , Physics and Chemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers
III. Computer and Systems Science IOS Press
IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers
The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series.
The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civi l science between scientists of
countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported
are "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops", and the NATO Science Series
collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized bij scientists from
NATO countries and scientists from NATO's Partner countries - countries of the CIS and Central and
Eastern Europe.
Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances
in afield.
Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and
identification of directions for future action.
As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science
Series was re-organized to the four sub-series noted above. Please consult the following web sites for
information on previous volumes published in the Series.
http://www. nato. i nt/science
http://www.wkap.nl
http://www.iospress.nl
http://www.wtv-books.de/nato-pco.htm
Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry - Vol. 6
Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic
Systems
edited by
Lorenzo Pavesi
INFM and Department of Physics,
University ofTrento, Italy
and
Eugenia Buzaneva
Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University,
Ukraine
Springer-Science+Business Media , B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems: Molecular-Scale Engineering and
Processes
Kiev, Ukraine
May 22-26, 2000
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-6746-8 ISB N 978-94-010-0890-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0890- 7
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
©2000 Springe r Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface .................................................................................................................................. ix
Photograph of Participants ..................................................................................................... x
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... xi
Part I. Fundamentals of Nano-Scale Science for Photonics applications
Nanophotonics: nanoscale optical science and technology .................................................... I
Paras N. Prasad, Yuzhen Shen, Abani Biswas and JejJWiniarz
Three-dimensional nanostructures with electron and photon confinement. ......................... II
Sergei V Gaponenko
Dielectric-polymer nanocomposite and thin film photonic crystals: .................................... 23
Towards three-dimensional photonic crystals with a bandgap in the visible spectrum
C. M Sotomayor Torres, T Maka, S. G. Romanov, Manfred Muller and RodolJZentel
Quantum wires and quantum dots for optoelectronics: ...................................................... .41
recent advances with epitaxial growth on nonplanar substrates
Eli Kapon
Quantum dot lasers ............................................................................................................... 65
H Schweizer,] Wang, U Griesinger, M Burkard, ] Porsche, M Geiger, F. Scholz,
T Riedl and A. Hangleiter
Part II. Low dimensional silicon for photonics
Nanostructured silicon as an active optoelectronic material ................................................ 85
Leigh T Canham
Silicon light emitters: ........................................................................................................... 99
Preparation, properties, limitations and integration with microelectronic circuitry
P. M Fauchet, S. Chan, H A. Lopez and K. D. Hirchman
Visible light emission from a new material system: .......................................................... 121
SilSi0 superlattices in optical microcavities
2
L. Pavesi, G. Pucker, Z. Gaburro, M Cazzanelli and P. Bellutti
Silicon nanostructures in Si/SiOz superlattices for light emission applications: ................ 137
possibilities and limits
A. G. Nassiopoulou, T Ouisse and P. Photopoulos
vi
First principles optical properties oflow dimensional silicon structures .......................... 147
Stefano Ossicini and Elena Degoli
Silicon nanostructures and their interactions with erbium ions ......................................... 161
F Priolo, G. Franzo and F Iacona
Part III. Biomolecular Technologies
Nicks, nodes, and new motifs for DNA nanotechnology .................................................. 177
Nadrian C. Seeman, Chengde Mao, Furong Liu, Ruojie Sha, Xiaoping Yang, Lisa
Wenzler, Xiaojun Li, Zhiyong Shen, Hao Yan, Phiset Sa-Ardyen, Xiaoping Zhang,
Wanqiu Shen, Jeff Birac, Philip Lukeman, Yariv Pinto, Xiaojun Li, Jing Qi, Bing
Liu, Hangxia Qiu, Shouming Du, Hui Wang, Weiqiong Sun, Yinli Wang, Tsu-Ju Fu,
Yuwen Zhang, John E. Mueller and Junghuei Chen
Interaction of biomaterials with porous silicon .................................................................. 199
S. C. Bayliss, L. D. Buckberry and A. Mayne
Part IV. Molecular-Scale Engineering: polymers and carbon-based nanostructures
Polydiacetylene PTS: a molecular quantum wire with exceptional optical properties ...... 209
Carlos G. Trevifio-Palacios, George Stegeman, Mingguo Liu, Fumiyo Yoshino, Ser-
gey Poliakov, Lars Friedrich, Steven R. Flom, JR. Lindle and FJ Bartoli
The electronic structure of carbon-based nanostructures: ................................................. 227
fuIIerenes, onions and tubes
J Fink, M Knupfer, T Pichler and M S. Golden
Carbon nanostructure: ........................................................................................................ 243
characterization by optics and resonance Raman scattering
H. Kuzmany,M Hulman and W Plank
Encapsulation of Transition Metals into Carbon Nanoclusters ......................................... 259
Supapan Seraphin
Part V. New technologies for producing nano-systems
Development of coating technologies using nano particles ............................................... 275
Yasuo Mihara
Surface atomic scale engineering by deposition of mass selected clusters: ....................... 291
STM and helium scattering analysis
R. Schaub, H. J6dicke, W Harbich, J Buttet and R. Monot
Vll
Visible and infrared photoluminescence from deposited germanium-oxide clusters
and from Ge nanocrystals ................................................................................................ 303
Atsushi Nakajima, Minoru Fujii, Shinji Hayashi and Koji Kaya
New directions in nanotechnology: Imprint techniques ..................................................... 319
-e.
H. Scheer,H. Schulz and D. Lyebyedyev
Self-assembly ofnanoblocks and molecules in optical thin-film nanostructures ............... 331
N I. K9vfyukhova, E. V. Buzaneva. A. D. Gorchinsky, P. J Dllivier, B. R. Martin,
e. e.
Waraksa and T. E. Mallouk
Part VI. Nano- and Molecular-Scale Characterization
Soft X-ray spectroscopy as a probe of the electronic structure ofnanostructured solids .. 347
Stefan Eisebitt and Wolfgang Eberhardt
Optical spectroscopy of carrier relaxation and transport in III/V semiconductor
structures .......................................................................................................................... 363
Etienne Goovaerts and Chris van Hoof
Near-field scanning optical spectroscopy of quasi-one dimensional semiconductor
nanostructures .................................................................................................................... 377
Ch. Lienau, V. Emiliani, T. Guenther, F. Intonti, T. Elsaesser, R. Notzel and K. H. Ploog
Optical characteristics ofnanostructured III-V compounds ............................................... 393
e.
I.M Tiginyany, Schwab, A. Sarua, G. Irmer, J Monecke, I. Kravetsky, J Sigmund
and NL. Hartnagel
Scanning probe microscopy (STM, AFM) investigation of carbon nanotubes ................ .405
L.P. Biro
Molecular spectroscopy of nanoparticles .......................................................................... 421
v.Ye. Pogorelov, v.P. Bukalo and Yu. A. Astashkin
Part VII. Novel Circuit Architecture of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems
Exploring the ultimate limits of control: ............................................................................ 431
Quantum networks for non-classical information processing
G. Mahler and A. Dtte
Chaos in quantum machines ............................................................................................... 443
Ilki Kim and Guenter Mahler
viii
Problems and perspectives in quantum-dot based computation ........................................ .455
M Macucci, G. Iannaccone, S. Francaviglia,M Governale, M Ghirlanda and C. Un
garelli
List of Participants ........................................................................................................... 467
Index .................................................................................................................................. 475
PREFACE
Since their discovery, low dimensional materials have never stopped to intrigue scientists,
whether they are physicists, chemists, or biochemists. Investigations of their nature and
functions have always been and still are numerous and as soon as a solution is found for a
given question, another one is raised. The coupling of nano-materials with photonics, i. e.
nano-photonics, has produced a boiling pot of idea, problems, discovery and applications.
This statement is abundantly illustrated in the present book.
The interest in nano-optoelectronic materials and systems is very widespread, what
gives a really international and multicultural flavour to nano-optoelectronic meetings. One
of them was organized by our-self in May 2000 in Kiev as a NATO Advanced Research
Workshop and EC-Spring School. The arrival of the new millennium provides an obvious
transition point at which many aspects of nano-science and nano-engineering of nano
photonic systems can be assessed with respect to the research progresses made in the pre
ceding decades and to the challenges that lie ahead in the coming decades. This book was
planed to mark this with the objective of presenting a collection of papers from experts,
which provide broad perspectives on the state-of-the-art in the various disciplines of nano
science and nano-engineering and on the directions for future research. The content of this
book provides a snapshot, at a particular point in time, on such different subjects such as
photonic band gap crystals, semiconductor quantum dot and wire lasers, silicon optoelec
tronics, carbon-based nanostructures physics, polymer based nano-composite and quantum
wires, DNA nano-technology and silicon bio-compatibility, nano-scale optical characteriza
tion, spray and cluster deposition, self-assembly, imprint technology, quantum computing
and quantum dots based computation. While the snapshot archived in the following pages is
inevitably ephemeral in view of the rapid pace of regrouping within novel nano
optoelectronic systems, it is hoped that the perspectives offered here would significantly in
fluence nano-sciences and nano-engineering for decades to come.
It should be noted that the success of our multidisciplinary meeting and of this Book
was guaranteed in advance by the enthusiastic work of the organizing commitee: L. P. Biro
(Hungary), N. Garcia (Spain), S. Ossicini (Italy), P. N. Prasad (USA), C. M. Sotomayor
Torres (Germany) and G. Stegeman (USA). We thank all the authors who responded ea
gerly to this demanding task and promptly delivered high quality manuscripts. The timely
publication of this book would have not been possible without the efficient and cheerful
help of our editorial assistants, Dr. Viviana Mulloni and Dr. Olexandr Gorchinsky. We are
most grateful to them for all their efforts.
We gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Di
vision, of the Directorate-General Information Society of the European Commission, and of
our Universities which made the workshop and this resulting book possible. We also ex
press our gratitude to all those have contributed to the workshop, and to Kluwer for efficient
publication.
Lorenzo Pavesi Eugenia Buzaneva
Trento, Italy, August 2000 Kiev, Ukraine, August 2000
IX