From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet Formation: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy

292 Pages·2019·7.73 MB·English

by  Philip J. Armitage

Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45
Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy
Philip J. Armitage · Wilhelm Kley
From
Protoplanetary
Disks to
Planet
Formation
Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4284
Philip J. Armitage Wilhelm Kley
(cid:129)
From Protoplanetary Disks
to Planet Formation
Saas-Fee Advanced Course 45
Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy
Edited by Marc Audard, Michael R. Meyer
and Yann Alibert
123
Authors Volume Editors
Philip J.Armitage MarcAudard
JILA Department ofAstronomy
University of Colorado andNIST University of Geneva
Boulder, CO,USA Geneve, Switzerland
Wilhelm Kley Michael R. Meyer
Institute of Astronomy andAstrophysics Department ofAstronomy
University of Tübingen University of Michigan
Tübingen,Germany AnnArbor, MI,USA
Yann Alibert
Physics Institute
University of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
ThisSeriesiseditedonbehalfoftheSwissSocietyforAstrophysicsandAstronomy:Société
Suisse d’Astrophysique et d’Astronomie, Observatoire de Genève, ch. des Maillettes 51,
CH-1290Versoix, Switzerland.
ISSN 1861-7980 ISSN 1861-8227 (electronic)
Saas-Fee AdvancedCourse
ISBN978-3-662-58686-0 ISBN978-3-662-58687-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58687-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018966857
©Springer-VerlagGmbHGermany,partofSpringerNature2019
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Covercredit:NASA/JPL-Caltech/T.Pyle(SSC)Caption:Artist’sconceptofaprotoplanetarydisk,
or planet-forming, around a young star with a gap caused by the presence of forming gas giant
planets
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringer-VerlagGmbH,DEpartof
SpringerNature
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Preface
Is the Sun and its planetary system special? How did the solar system form? Are
there similar systems in the Galaxy? How common are habitable planets? What
processestake place inthe early life ofstarsand intheir surrounding circumstellar
disks that could impact whether life emerges?
Thefields ofexoplanetresearchandplanetformationhaveexplodedinthepast
20 years, thanks largely to the discovery of the first exoplanet by Swiss astron-
omers, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, in 1995. Furthermore, the technological
advancementsingroundandspaceobservatorieshaveallowedustostudyindetail
protoplanetary disks where pebbles, rocks, and protoplanets are created. While
exoplanet research initially focussed on the detection of planets, going from large
Jupiter-massobjectsdowntoEarth-sizeplanets,revealingawidevarietyofmasses,
eccentricities, semi-major axes, etc., and the need to understand their formation
became a necessity, fostering interdisciplinary research, linking diverse research
communities.
The 45th Saas-Fee Advanced Course “From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet
Formation” of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (SSAA) took
placeinthealpineresortofLesDiablerets,inthecantonofVaud,fromMarch15to
20,2015,gathering87participantsfromdifferentcountries,albeitwithasignificant
Swiss contingent thanks to the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research
Planets, established in 2014 to provide an interdisciplinary research program ded-
icated to the study of the origin, evolution, and characterization of planets. Three
lecturers presented three different aspects of planet formation: Prof. Phil Armitage
(University of Colorado) focussed on the processes in protoplanetary disks, while
Prof. Willy Kley (University of Tübingen) focussed on planet formation and
disk-planet interactions. The observational properties of protoplanetary disks were
presented by Dr. Leonardo Testi (ESO), at a time when the first ALMA results,
suchastheexquisiteimageofthedisk ofHLTau,werecomingout.Thelecturers
prepared each eight presentations describing different aspects pertaining to their
chapter. The presentations, and the video records of the lectures, are available on
thecourseWebsite,whichcanbefoundfromtheWebsiteoftheSwissSocietyfor
Astrophysics and Astronomy, http://www.ssaa.ch/.
v
vi Preface
Inahappycoincidence,apartialsolareclipsetookplaceduringthecourse,with
the maximum coverage occurring during the coffee break. Organizers and partici-
pantsgladlybroughtobservingmaterial,frommylarsheetstosmalltelescopeswith
Hafilters,sharingthemwithfellowastronomersandpassers-bygoingtoski.Inthe
traditionalspiritoftheSaas-Feecourses,participantshadtheirafternoonfreetogo
skiing, snowshoeing, shopping and interact with their fellow participants, either
informally or scientifically. We further organized activities for the participants,
allowingthemtodiscovercurlingandsnowshoeing.Theconferencebanquetclosed
thecoursewithaSwisscheesefondueinthechaletclosetoEurotelVictoriaHotel,
the official hotel of the conference (while the lectures were taking place at the
nearby Salle des Conférences), providing a cozy and Swiss ambiance.
Inthepresentbook,ArmitageandKleyprovidechaptersbasedontheirlectures
given during the course. Unfortunately, the observational aspects could eventually
not be included in this book. However, clearly, the fast-changing field of obser-
vations of protoplanetary disks would have made this chapter out of date even
before its publication.
Preface vii
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