Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics: Composites, R-Curve Behavior, and Fatigue

591 Pages·1992·19.787 MB·English

by  Teruo Kishi (auth.), R. C. Bradt, D. P. H. Hasselman, D. Munz, M. Sakai, V. Ya. Shevchenko (eds.)

erutcarF scinahceM
fo scimareC
Volume 9
Composites, R-Curve Behavior,
and Fatigue
emuloV 1 Concepts, ,swalF and Fractography
emuloV 2 Microstructure, Materials, and Applications
emuloV 3 swalF and gnitseT
emuloV 4 Crack Growth and Microstructure
emuloV 5 Surface ,swalF Statistics, and Microcracking
emuloV 6 Measurements, Transformations, and
High-Temperature Fracture
emuloV 7 Composites, Impact, Statistics, and High-Temperature
Phenomena
emuloV 8 Microstructure, Methods, ,ngiseD and Fatigue
emuloV 9 Composites, evruC-R ,roivaheB and Fatigue
emuloV 01 Fracture Fundamentals, High-Temperature
Deformation, Damage, and ngiseD
Fracture Mechanics
of Ceramics
Volume 9
Composites, R-Curve Behavior,
and Fatigue
Edited by R. C. Bradt
University of Nevada-Reno
Reno, Nevada
D. P. H. Hasselman
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
D. Munz
University of Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Sakai
Toyohashi University of Technology
Toyohashi, Japan
and V. Ya. Shevchenko
High Tech Ceramics Scientific Research Centre
Moscow, Russia, CIS
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
ISBN 978-1-4613-6477-1 ISBN 978-1-4615-3350-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3350-4
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-641076
First part of the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium
on the Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, held July 15-17, 1991,
in Nagoya, Japan
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1992
Aii rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfiIming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
DEDICATION
JUNN NAKAYAMA
1930-1991
Junn Nakayama saw a pioneer of the quantitative study fo the fracture of ceramics. A
physics graduate of Gakushuin ,ytisrevinU eh joined the research laboratory of the Asahi
Glass ,.oC Ltd. in .3591 Within a decade eh had developed the now-famous work-of-fracture
test (Japan Journal of deilppA ,scisyhP .))4691(244]7[3 eH had already applied it to the
quantitative analysis of the thermal shock damage of yalcerif refractories (Bulletin of eht
American cimareC ,yteicoS ))6691(666]7[54 when others erew just becoming cognizant of
this simple, yet elegant technique. Those owt studies erew landmark efforts in establishing
the framework rof the microstructural ngised of improved thermal shock damage resistant
refractories. The principles erew subsequently extended to structural ceramics, sa llew sa
to the confirmation fo the energy balance theories rof thermal shock damage advanced yb
Hasselman.
Junn Nakayama spent sih entire career with the Asahi Glass ,.oC becoming Director of
the Research Center in Yokohama and subsequently Managing Director of the Asahi Glass
Foundation in Tokyo. At this Fifth Fracture scinahceM fo Ceramics Symposium in July of
,1991 Junn Nakayama attended the opening ceremonies at the Japan Fine Ceramics Center
in Nagoya, but saw not elba to participate ni the meeting. When introduced to the attendees,
eh received a standing ovation. It si htiw peed regret to report to uoy that Junn Nakayama
passed yawa no December ,41 .1991 eH lliw syawla be ,dessim but lliw never be forgotten.
v
PREFACE
These volumes, 9 and ,01 of Fracture Mechanics fo Ceramics constitute the proceedings
fo an international symposium no the fracture mechanics fo ceramic materials dleh at the
Japan Fine Ceramics Center, ,ayogaN Japan no July ,51 ,61 ,71 .1991 These proceedings
constitute the htfif pair fo semulov fo a continuing seires fo conferences. semuloV 1 and 2
erew morf the 3791 symposium, semulov 3 and 4 morf a 7791 symposium, and volumes 5
and 6 morf a 1891 symposium lla fo hcihw erew held at The Pennsylvania State University.
semuloV 7 and 8 are morf the 5891 symposium hcihw saw dleh at the Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University.
The theme fo this conference, sa rof the previous ,ruof desucof no the mechanicalbehavior
fo ceramic materials ni terms fo the characteristics fo ,skcarc particularly the selor hcihw they
assume ni the fracture processes and mechanisms. The 28 contributed papers yb revo 051
authors and co-authors represent the current state of that .dleif They address many fo the
theoretical and practical problems fo interest to those scientists and engineers concerned with
brittle fract .eru
The program chairmen gratefully egdelwonkca the laicnanif assistance rof the Symposium
hcihw saw provided yb the Japan yteicoS rof the Promotion fo ,ecneicS the Inoue Foundation
rof ,ecneicS The Asahi Glass Foundation, the Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation rof Materials
,ecneicS The Daiko Foundation, the Japan Fine Ceramics Center, and the ayogaN Convention
& Visitors Bureau. Without their support, the magnitude and quality fo this conference
simply dluow not evah been possible.
Unfortunately, the numerous individ slau ohw contributed to the success fo the conference
cannot lla be listed .ereh ,revewoH the program chairmen dluow especially ekil to recognize
the contributions fo Prof. .N agoS (President fo the Conference, Kyoto University), Dr. .O
Kamigaito (President fo the ,ecnerefnoC Toyota .C .R .D Labs.), .rD .H Awaji (JFCC), and
.rD .H Takahashi (Toyota .C .R .D Labs.) ni planning and organization of the conference;
.sM .E Deguchi rof her conscientious and tneiciffe organization fo the registration; .rM .N
N akagomi rof sih patience and pleh ni yllanif bringing these proceedings to press.
R.C. Bradt D.P.H. Hasselman .D znuM
Reno, ASU Blacksburg, ASU Karlsruhe, Germany
.M Sakai .Y.V oknehcvehS
Toyohashi, Japan ,wocsoM RSSU
,yluJ 1991
iiv
CONTENTS
Fracture Mechanics and Mechanism fo Ceramic Composites
.T ihsiK
stceffE of Residual Stress and Frictional gnidilS no
R-Curve Behavior ni Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics 91
.K enikeS dna .Y awagaK
A Crack Growth Resistance ledoM rof
Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Materials 92
l. ,uohZ .W-Y iaM dna .c-Y oaG
On The eziS tceffE ni Fracture fo Ceramic-Ceramic Composite Materials 35
.J acr01L dna .M secilE
Matrix Cracking and Fiber Bridging fo
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Carbon Matrix Composites . • . . . . . 96
.M iakaS dna .T amijayiM
Fiber Pullout and Fracture Energy fo C-fiber/C-matrix Composites 38
.T amijayiM dna .M iakaS
The Crack Growth Resistance fo CiS-CiS Ceramic Composite Materials 79
.M animoG dna .H-M nolliuoR
stceffE of Temperature and Oxidation fo The Mechanical Behavior fo
Uncoated CiS-CiS Composite Materials . . • • • • 111
.M ,animoG J-l. (hermant dna .P levruoF
Fracture Toughness fo Carbon Fiber decrofnieR Ceramic Composites 321
.K ,onakaN .A ,ayimaK ihcuamaYS dna .T ihsayaboK
Dynamic Fracture Responses fo Ab03, ShN 4 and wCiS / lA 2 0 3 331
.Y igakaT dna .S.A ihsayaboK
Fracture Toughening Mechanisms ni The wCiS / lA 2 0 3 Composite System 741
l. enozzauG dna .W.K etihW
Microstructures and Fracture Behaviors at hgiH Temperatures rof
Ab03-SiC Nanocomposites .•... . • • . . • . . . . 561
.A arihakaN dna .K arahiiN
Fracture Toughness fo -CiS Whisker/Zr02/ lA 2 0 3 Triple Phase Composites 971
.Y ,ogoK .H attaH dna .Y awagaK
XI
R-Curve Behavior fo Ceramics • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 781
R.w. hcerbnietS
Universal R-Curve fo Crack Propagation Resistance ni Ceramic Composites 902
.M.S voniraB dna .aY.V oknehcvehS
Subcritical Crack Growth of -orcaM and skcarcorciM ni Ceramics 912
.T tteF dna .D znuM
R-Curve and Fatigue Behavior fo Gas Pressure Sintered nociliS Nitride 532
.K ,amihsarU .Y amijaT dna .M ebanataW
Investigation fo R-Curve Behavior and
Its tceffE no Strength rof decnavdA Ceramics • • . • • • • • . 152
.H Tsuruta dna .Y esuruF
Crack ecaF Bridging Tractions ni Monolithic lenipS • • . • . . . • • 562
J.c. yaH dna KW. etihW
R-Curve Properties of Alumina Measured yb Stable Fracture Test ni Bending 772
.T adihsiN dna .I amayemaK
Evaluation of Critical tcefeD eziS fo Ceramics desaB on R-Curve Method 982
.K ,akanaT .K ikuzuS dna .H akanaT
Crack ekaW Effects no OgM Fracture Resistance • • • • • . . • • • 503
.J acr01L dna .T awagO
Interrelation Between walF Resistance, K evruC-R Behavior, and
Thermal Shock Strength Degradation ni Ceramics . . . • • 913
.H.E ztuL dna .V.M niawS
Microcrack Toughening Mechanism ni Brittle Matrix Composites .••• 933
.N ,atayiM .S ,adakA .H arumO dna .H onniJ
R-Curve Behavior fo Alumina and ZSP at Ambient and hgiH Temperatures 753
.M ,iuoadaaS .C nongalO dna .G izzotnaF
R-Curve Behavior fo PZT Ceramics raeN Morphotropic Phase Boundary 173
.S ,kiaB .M.S eeL dna .S.B niM
Crack-Resistance Curve and cilcyC Fatigue ni Ceramic Materials .••• 783
.W-Y ,iaM .X ,uH .K nauD dna .B llerettoC
Effects of Crack eziS no Crack Propagation Behavior and
Experimental Verification of cilcyC Fatigue msinahceM fo
Sintered nociliS Nitride ••..••.•.•••••.. 324
.A ,oneU .H otomihsiK dna .H otomawaK
Fatigue Crack Propagation and Failure Prediction rof
Toughened Ceramics under cilcyC sdaoL 934
.A adakO dna .T arawasagO
Tensile Fatigue Crack Growth fo Polycrystalline Magnesia . • • • . • . 554
.T awagO
x
Fatigue Behavior of Structural Ceramics • • • . . . 564
.Y ,ihcuamaY 1. ,ijhO .W ,ustamenaK .S otI dna .K obuK
Fatigue Behavior of Non-Oxide Ceramics at Elevated Temperature 184
.M ,adusaM 1. ,onikaM .Y ijusakaN dna .M iustaM
Cyclic Fatigue of Electrically Poled Piezoelectric Ceramics 394
.T ,awakihsiN .J ,ihsahakaT .A irottaH dna .M ustakaT
Crack Growth Behavior fo Sintered nociliS Nitride uS bjecied to Cyclic Loading 105
.X.L gneZ dna .D.Z nauG
Crack Growth in Zirconia Bearing Ceramics under cilcyC Loading 705
.K ,nauD .B llerettoC dna .W-Y iaM
Fatigue Behavior of Sintered ShN 4 under Rotary Bending and Static Fatigue 715
.N.H oK
nA Approach no Lifetime Prediction rof Ceramics under
Elevated Temperature with Static Fatigue 535
.X.L ,gneZ .D.Z nauG dna .F.X oahZ
Lifetime of HIPed nociliS Nitrides at Elevated Temperatures • . • . 345
.I ,akanaT .G ittozzeP dna .K arahiiN
nA Indirect Method rof The Determination fo dajdN - ~K-Curvesrof
Ceramic Materials ........••.•. 955
1. tteF dna .D znuM
tceffE of Residual Stress Due to Knoop Indentation no
Subcritical Crack Growth Behavior ni Ceramics 965
.H.J gnoG dna .D.Z nauG
tceffE fo Surface Charge no Subcritical Crack Growth ni Glass 575
.S adekaT dna .I iraT
International Editorial Board, Organizing
Committee, and noisseS Chairs 985
Authors 395
Index 306
ix
ERUTCARF MECHANICS DNA MECHANISM OF CIMAREC COMPOSITES
Teruo Kishi
Research Center rof Advanced Science and Technology
The University of oykoT
1-6-4 Komaba, Meguro-ku, oykoT ,351 Japan
TCARTSBA
Interfacial behavior of CiS fiber reinforced glass matrix composites was
analyzed by a single fiber pull-out testing. The interfacial properties of this
composite were calculated by using the shear-lag analysis during the fiber
pull-out tests in terms of interfacial shear strength, coefficient of friction and
residual clamping stress. Experimental difference of load-time curves
between materials can be explained by the analysis of shear stress
distribution of .rebif Fracture resistance with crack extension due ot the fiber
bridging mechanism was also estimated by the interfacial mechanical
parameters in this composite no the basis of the stress distribution by the
above shear-lag analysis. Acoustic Emission )EA( waveforms during the
single fiber pull-out testing were recorded by using the advanced EA
measuring system with multi-channels. Locations of debonding were
estimated with doog accuracy and debonding length was also evaluated by
this source ledom of debonding and the deconvolution method.
INTRODUCTION
Many ceramic matrix composites have been investigated to enhance
fracture toughness of ceramics. Especially in continuous fiber reinforced
ceramics remarkable increase of toughness has been reported ,1[ ,2 .]3 In
such composites it is very important that the mechanism of stress shielding
can enhance fracture toughness, due to crack bridging and sliding at
interface between matrix and .rebif Thus interfacial shear stress or strength
determines the increasing of fracture toughness with crack extension, which
is called as R-curve behavior. The purpose of this paper is )1 ot estimate
quantitatively the interfacial mechanical properties yb a single fiber pull out
testing, )2 ot evaluate the increase in fracture toughness yb using the above
mechanical parameters, and )3 ot analyze the discontinuous microfracture
process of interface by inverse Acoustic Emission (AE) source
characterization method.
erulcarF Mechanics of Ceramics, .loV 9
Edited yb .C.R tdarB el ,.la munelP ,sserP weN .kroY 2991