Foundations of Web Technology

297 Pages·2002·21.685 MB·English

by  Ramesh R. Sarukkai (auth.)

FOUNDATIONS OF
WEB TECHNOLOGY
THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES
IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
FOUNDATIONS OF
WEB TECHNOLOGY
by
Ramesh R. Sarukkai
Senior Architect, Yahoo Inc, USA.
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sarukkai, Ramesh R.
Foundations of Web Technology
ISBN 978-1-4613-5409-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-1135-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1135-9
Copyright © 2002 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2002
AlI rights reserved. No part ofthis work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the written
permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied
specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system,
for exclusive use by the purchaser ofthe work.
Permission for books published in Europe: permissions@wkap.n!
Permissions for books published in the United States of America: [e-mail]
Printed an acid-free paper.
DedicatedtomymotherSanthaandmyfather S.K. Rangarajan
Contents
Contributors xv
Acknowledgements XVll
Preface xix
Part 1Fundamentals
1Introduction 3
1. WORLDWIDEWEB 3
2. CORETECHNOLOGY 4
3. WHAT'SCOVEREDINTHISBOOK 4
4. ORGANIZATIONOFTHEBOOK 6
2DataMarkup 11
1. INTRODUCTION 12
2. DATAMARKUP 13
3. EXTENSIBLEMARKUPLANGUAGE(XML) 17
4. EXTENSIBLESTYLESHEETS 29
5. XPATH 41
6. HYPERTEXTMARKUPLANGUAGE(HTML) 41
7. CONCLUSION 50
FuRTHERREADING 50
EXERCISES 50
Contents
3Networking 53
1. INTRODUCTION 54
2. LAYERINGOFNETWORKS 54
3. LOCATINGENDPOINTS 55
4. TRANSMISSIONPROTOCOLS 59
5. CLIENT/SERVER 64
6. HYPERTEXTTRANSFERPROTOCOL(HTIP) 71
7. WEBSECURITY 78
8. PRIVACY 84
9. CONCLUSION 84
FuRTHERREADING 85
EXERCISES 85
4InfonnationRetrieval 87
1. INTRODUCTION 88
2. COMPONENTSOFIRSYSTEM 89
3. TEXTPROCESSING 90
4. INDEXINGANDSEARCH 96
5. RANKING 100
6. QUERYOPERATIONS 104
7. LATENTSEMANTICINDEXING 106
8. EVALUATIONMETRICS 108
9. CONCLUSIONS 110
FuRTHERREADING 110
EXERCISES III
PartIIApplications 113
5Web Searchand Directory 115
1. INTRODUCTION 116
2. WEBSEARCH 116
3. VARIATIONSINSEARCHING 125
4. RANKING 128
5. WEBDIRECTORIES 132
6. CONCLUSION 135
FuRTHERREADING 136
EXERCISES 136
6Web Mining 139
1. INTRODUCTION 140
2. DATAMINING 140
3. AsSOCIATIONMINING 141
4. PREDICTIVEMODELLING 145
Contents
5. CLUSTERING 157
6. OTHERDATAMININGPROBLEMS 165
7. EXAMPLESOFWEBMINING 165
8. CONCLUSION 172
FuRTHERREADING 172
EXERCISES 173
7MessagingandCommerce 177
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. MESSAGINGAPPLICATIONS 178
3. ELECTRONICMAILPROTOCOLS 179
4. 1MARCHITECTURE 184
5. COMMERCEAPPLICATIONS 187
6. OVERVIEWOFE-COMMERCEFRAMEWORKS 188
7. EXAMPLEARCHITECTURE 196
8. CONCLUSION 205
FuRTHERREADING 205
EXERCISES 206
8MobileAccess 207
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. MOBILECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS 208
3. WIRELESSAPPLICATIONPROTOCOL 211
4. WIRELESS MARKUPLANGUAGES 214
5. GENERATINGWIRELESSCONTENT 221
6. SHORTMESSAGINGSERVICE 227
7. EMERGINGTRENDS 230
8. CONCLUSION 233
FuRTHERREADING 233
EXERCISES 234
9WebServices 237
1. INTRODUCTION 238
2. OVERVIEWOFARCHITECTURE 238
3. UDDI 241
4. SOAP 242
5. PLATFORMS 244
6. EXAMPLEOFASERVICE 244
7. LIMITATIONS 248
8. CONCLUSION 249
FuRTHERREADING 250
EXERCISES 250
Contents
10Conclusion 251
1. REvIEw 251
2. SYSTEMDESIGNOVERVIEW 254
3. LIMITAnONS 256
4. ThEfuTURE 257
APPENDIX 261
REFERENCES 271
ACRONYMS 283
INDEX 285
ListofFigures
Figure 1. GrowthoftheWorldWideWeb .4
Figure2. Information-Structure-PresentationSeparation 13
Figure3. Graphical representationofinfonnationstructure 14
Figure4. HistoryofMarkupLanguages .16
Figure5. IllustrationofXSL 31
Figure6. TransfonningoneXMLstructureto anotherXMLstructure 33
Figure 7. ExampleofHTMLfonn output. 47
Figure8. ClientServerArchitecture 64
Figure9. Illustrationofaproxyserverscenario 65
Figure 10. Simpleexampleofencryptedmessagetransmission 80
Figure 11. OverviewofInfonnationRetrievalSystem 89
Figure 12. Exampleofa"SimilarityMatrix" 93
Figure 13. Exampleofaprefixtree 98
Figure14. Documentvectorsforthetwosampledocuments 102
Figure 15. DocumentsMatrixrepresentation A. .107
Figure 16. Precisionversus RecallGraph 110
Figure 17. OverviewofWebsearchsystem. 117
Figure 18. WebCrawlingSystem 119
Figure 19. Meta-SearchEngine .126
Figure20. GraphStructureused to illustratetheHITS algorithm 131
Figure21. Web Directory-fixed taxonomy, butautomaticclassification.133
Figure22. ExampleofSemi-AutomaticTaxonomyGeneration 134
Figure23. WebGraph forexercise(7) 137
Figure24. Single layerneuralnetwork .149
Figure25. Exampleof adecisiontreefor classification 151
Figure26. Exampleofa LinearClassifier 156
Figure27. Illustrationofclustering 157
Figure28. Clustereddatasamples andthetwo centroids 164
Figure29. Overviewofane-mailsystem. 180
Figure3O. Overviewofprototype1Msystem. 185
Figure31. PrototypeE-commercearchitecture 197
Figure32. PricingandPackaging 198
Figure33. Subscriptionmoduleforbilling 200
Figure 34. OverviewofGlobal Systemfor MobileCommunication 210
Figure35. WAPArchitectureOverview 211
Figure36. Twoapproaches to generatingwireless markup 222
Figure37. TranscodingProxyArchitecture 224
Figure38. XSLTApproachto WirelessMarkup DocumentGeneration 225
Figure39. OverviewofSMS Architecture 228
Figure40. Web servicesprotocol Stack 240