Foundations of Personality PDF
Preview Foundations of Personality
Foundations of Personality NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institute s Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London D Behavioura l and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecologica l Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo 1 Global Environmenta l Change NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 30000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series D: Behavioura l and Social Sciences - Vol. 72 Foundations of Personality edited by Joop Hettema Tilburg University, The Netherlands and Ian J. Deary University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Basic Issues in Personality: European-American Workshop on Biological and Social Approaches to Individuality Oisterwijk, The Netherlands August 17-20,1992 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Foundations of personalit y / edite d by Joop Hettema and Ia n J . Deary. p. cm. — (NATO ASI series . Serie s D, Behavioural and socia l sciences ; vol . 72) Papers presented at a workshop hel d i n Oisterwijk , The Netherlands, i n Aug. 1992. Includes index. ISBN 978-94-010-4725-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1660-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1660-2 1. Personality—Congresses . 2. Nature and nurture—Congresses. I. Hettema, Joop. II . Deary, Ia n J . III .S eries : NATO ASI series . Series D. Behavioural and socia l science s ; no. 72. BF698.F654 1993 155.2—dc20 93-9801 ISBN 978-94-010-4725-8 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ix Contributors xi BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL APPROACHES TO INDIVIDUALITY: TOWARDS A COMMON PARADIGM Joop Hettema and Ian J. Deary 1 GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON ADULT PERSONALITY: EVALUATING THE EVIDENCE Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. 15 BEHAVIORAL GENETICS: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS AND DISORDERS Commentary IanJ. Deary 45 FROM DNA TO SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR: CONDITIONS FOR A PARADIGM OF PERSONALITY RESEARCH Hans J. Eysenck 55 THE GENES AND P Commentary John C. Loehlin 67 REPLY TO J.e. LOEHUN Hans J. Eysenck 71 v vi TABLE OF CoNTENTI) PERSONAUTY FROM TOP (TRAITS) TO BOTTOM (GENETICS) WITH STOPS AT EACH LEVEL BETWEEN Marvin Zuckerman 73 IDENTIFYING BASIC DIMENSIONS OF PERSONAUTY Commentary Guus L. Van Heck 101 THE LOCATION OF THE REGULATIVE THEORY OF TEMPERAMENT (RTI) AMONG OTHER TEMPERAMENT THEORIES Jan Strelau 113 THE REGULATORY THEORY OF TEMPERAMENT: THE VIEW FROM THE TOP Commentary Robert M. Stelmack 133 BIOSOCIAL ADAPTATION: A STRATEGIC-TACTICAL APPROACH TO INDIVIDUALITY Joop Hettema 139 STRATEGIES AND TACTICS FOR PERSON-SITUATION INTERACTION Commentary Randy J. Larsen 165 STRATEGIC INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY IN CREATING AND SOLVING ADAPTIVE PROBLEMS David M. Buss 175 EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY: WHERE TO? Commentary Alois Angleitner 191 REPLY TO A. ANGLEITNER David M. Buss 193 LINKING BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY: EVOLUTION, GENDER, AND COGNITION Douglas T. Kenrick 197 CAN BIOLOGY HELP PERSONALITY? Commentary Willem KB. Hofstee 219 TABLE OF CoNTENTS vii MARGINAL DEVIATIONS, AGGREGATE EFFECI'S, DISRUPTION OF CONTINUITY, AND DEVIATION AMPUFYING MECHANISMS Gian Vittorio Caprara 227 THE LONG ROAD FROM MARGINAL DEVIATIONS TO MAJOR EFFECI'S Commentary Ivan Mervielde 245 REPLY TO I. MERVIELDE Gian Vittorio Caprara 249 PERSONALITY: AN INTERACTIONAL PERSPECTIVE Norman S. Endler 251 HAVE TRAIT PSYCHOLOGISTS BEEN IGNORANT OF CONTEXT? Commentary Boele de Raad 269 Subject index 275 PREFACE A burning question that has occupied man throughout history is "where do I come from?" The roots of human individuality have always fascinated philosophers and scientists as well as the man in the street. An area especially occupying itself with this question is personality psychology. The explanations forwarded by personality psychologists put special emphasis on biological and social determinants. The relative contributions of biological and social deter minants to personality as well as the relationships between the determinants are central issues in personality psychology. However, during the history of personality psychology, the attention paid to biological and social determinants of individuality has waxed and waned in opposition to each other. When emphasis on social factors was popular, interest in biological factors was minimal, and vice versa. Currently, there appears to be a 'coming together', the beginning of a dialogue on how to conceptualize the biological and social foundations, and how to best in tegrate the existing biological and social approaches to personality. Accordingly, this seems to be the right moment for bringing together those working from a biological perspective with those working from a social point of view, with the special aim to exchange views and develop ideas on how to proceed. The initiative for an expert workshop to study the biological and social approaches to in dividuality was taken by the European Association of Personality Psychology (EAPP). The organization of a meeting of this scope requires dedicated teamwork and special funding. An international committee, consisting of Joop Hettema (The Netherlands, Director), Ian J. Deary (Scotland), Jan Strelau (Poland), and Gian Vittorio Caprara (Italy), took on the preparation of the workshop. Funding was acquired from NATO, who admitted the meeting as an Advanced Research Workshop in its International Scientific Exchange Programme. The workshop was held in Oisterwijk (The Netherlands) in august 1992. Speakers for the ARW were invited with the special aim to obtain presentations from those working from a biological perspective as well as those working from a social point of view. Other speakers included those explicitly emphasizing both perspectives. The international nature of the workshop was stressed by inviting speakers from the USA and Canada as well as from several European countries. To obtain a clear view of the several positions advanced, a major intention of the workshop was to create an atmosphere of discussion. To that effect, for each paper a separate discussant was invited to prepare a commentary. The character of several contributions -from speakers as well as discussants- was polemic. Discussions were vivid and many classical issues in personality were touched upon. For ix x PREFACE instance, while some of the discussants had a profound commitment with the dominant current trait approach, a sizable portion of the discussions was devoted to the Big Five against the background of the main issue. Obviously, the workshop did not solve all the problems and controversies in personality psychology. However, on the central topic of the workshop -biological and social approaches to personality- a great deal of consensus became manifest. This permitted us to draw a rough outline of a new paradigm, integrating biological and social approaches to personality. The first chapter of this volume gives an overview. The book is organized in a way to facilitate reading. The order of presentation of the contributions roughly reflects a sequence from biological to social approaches. Each chapter is followed immediately by its commentary. As stated earlier, a workshop like this requires special effort and financing. As editors we feel obliged to the NATO Science Committee for supplying the funds necessary for a suc cessful workshop. We also want to express our gratitude to NWO, the Netherlands' Organiza tion for Scientific Research, for supplying additional funds. And, finally, we are due thanks to Sandra Schruijer for organizational assistance, and to Francine Van Remunt and Rinus Verkooijen for carefully preparing the manuscripts of the workshop. Joop Hettema Tilburg University The Netherlands JanJ. Deary University of Edinburgh United Kingdom
The list of books you might like
