Foundation Engineering Analysis and Design

637 Pages·2018·25.67 MB·English

by  An-Bin Huang

Foundation Engineering
Analysis and Design

Foundation Engineering
Analysis and Design
An-Bin Huang and Hai-Sui Yu
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Contents
List of figures xvii
List of tables xxix
Preface xxxi
About the Authors xxxiii
1 Soil behavior and critical state soil mechanics 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Safetyanalysis 1
1.1.2 Performanceanalysis 1
1.1.3 Soilbehaviorundertheframeworkofcriticalstatesoilmechanics 2
1.2 Effectivestressandsoilproperties 2
1.3 One-dimensionalconsolidationandtimeeffect 3
1.3.1 Theconsolidationtest 4
1.3.2 Preconsolidationstress 4
1.3.3 Primaryconsolidationsettlementcalculation 6
1.3.4 Timerateofprimaryconsolidationsettlement 8
1.3.5 Settlementduetosecondaryconsolidation 12
1.4 Stress–strainbehaviorandcriticalstateofclays 13
1.4.1 Measurementofsoilpropertiesinthetriaxialtest 14
1.4.1.1 Theconsolidationstage 15
1.4.1.2 Theshearingstage 15
1.4.2 Stress–strainbehaviorofclays 16
1.4.3 Mohr–Coulombshearstrengthparametersofclays 18
1.4.4 Criticalstateintheshearingofclays 18
1.5 Stress–strainbehaviorandcriticalstateofsands 22
1.5.1 Mohr–Coulombshearstrengthparametersofsands 23
1.5.2 Criticalstateintheshearingofsands 23
1.6 Criticalstateandsoilengineeringproperties 27
1.6.1 Thestateparameter 28
1.6.2 Criticalstateandengineeringpropertiesofclays 30
1.6.3 Criticalstateandengineeringpropertiesofsands 34
1.7 Theoryofplasticityformodelingstress–strainbehavior 37
1.7.1 Yieldcriterion 37
1.7.2 Loadingcriterion 39
1.7.3 Plasticflowrule 39
1.7.4 Consistencycondition 40
viii Contents
1.7.5 Elastic-plasticstress–strainrelation 40
1.7.6 TrescaandvonMisesplasticitymodelsforcohesivesoils 41
1.7.7 Mohr–Coulombplasticitymodelforfrictionalsoils 42
1.7.8 Unifiedcriticalstateplasticitymodelforsoils 45
1.8 Remarks 54
Homework 56
References 57
2 Limit analysis and cavity expansion methods 59
2.1 Introduction 59
2.2 Limitequilibriummethod 60
2.3 Introductiontoplasticlimitanalysis 61
2.3.1 Lower-boundtheoremofplasticcollapse 62
2.3.2 Upper-boundtheoremofplasticcollapse 62
2.4 Upper-boundlimitanalysis 62
2.4.1 Velocitydiscontinuityandplasticpowerdissipation 63
2.4.2 Velocityfieldsfromdisplacementdiagrams 64
2.4.3 Upper-boundsolutionforafoundationoncohesivesoil 65
2.4.4 Upper-boundforafoundationoncohesive-frictionalsoils 69
2.5 Lower-boundlimitanalysis 75
2.5.1 Discontinuousstressfields 75
2.5.2 DiscontinuousstressfieldsinastateofTresca(undrained
cohesive)failure 76
2.5.3 DiscontinuousstressfieldsinastateofMohr–Coulomb
(cohesive-frictional)failure 77
2.5.4 Lowerboundforafoundationoncohesivesoils 79
2.5.5 Lowerboundforafoundationoncohesive-frictionalsoils 81
2.6 Cavityexpansionmethods 84
2.6.1 Thecavityexpansionprobleminelastic-plasticsoils 84
2.6.2 Limitpressureforundrainedexpansionofaspherical
cavityinclay 85
2.6.3 Limitpressureforundrainedexpansionofacylindrical
cavityinclay 86
2.6.4 Limitpressureforexpansionofsphericalandcylindrical
cavitiesincohesive-frictionalsoils 87
2.6.5 Applicationofcavityexpansiontheoryindeepfoundations 89
2.7 Remarks 97
Homework 97
References 98
3 Subsurface exploration for foundation design 99
3.1 Introduction 99
3.2 Planningofsubsurfaceexploration 100
3.2.1 Methodsavailablefortheexploration 101
3.2.2 Frequencyanddepthofexploration 101
3.2.3 Fieldtesting,drilling/samplingprogram 101
3.2.4 Laboratorytestingprogram 101
Contents ix
3.3 Drillingandsampling 102
3.3.1 Drillingmethods 102
3.3.1.1 Handauger/shovel 102
3.3.1.2 Percussiondrilling 102
3.3.1.3 Rotarywashboring 104
3.3.1.4 Powerauger 106
3.3.2 Soilsampling 106
3.3.3 Takingsoilsampleswithathin-walledsamplingtube 109
3.3.3.1 Thethin-walled“Shelby”tubesampler 109
3.3.3.2 TheOsterbergpistonsampler 110
3.3.3.3 Thegel-pushsampler 111
3.3.4 Thesplit-spoonsampler 111
3.3.5 Rockcoring 113
3.3.6 Samplequalityassuranceandverification 115
3.3.7 Observationofgroundwaterlevelandfieldlogging 117
3.4 In-situtesting 118
3.4.1 Standardpenetrationtest(SPT) 120
3.4.1.1 Equipmentandtestprocedure 120
3.4.1.2 Engineeringpropertiesofsandsaccordingto
SPTNvalues 123
3.4.1.3 LiquefactionpotentialassessmentbasedonSPT
Nvalues 125
3.4.2 Conepenetrationtest(CPT) 126
3.4.2.1 Equipmentandtestprocedure 126
3.4.2.2 Soilclassificationaccordingtoconepenetrationtests 130
3.4.2.3 TheRobertsonSBTncharts 131
3.4.2.4 TheSchneideretal.Q–F andQ–U charts 133
t r t 2
3.4.3 EngineeringpropertiesofclaysfromCPT 136
3.4.3.1 Undrainedshearstrength 136
3.4.3.2 Stresshistory:Overconsolidationratio(OCR) 136
3.4.3.3 Coefficientofconsolidation 139
3.4.4 EngineeringpropertiesofsandsfromCPT 142
3.4.4.1 EstimationofD 142
r
3.4.4.2 LiquefactionpotentialassessmentbasedonCPT 146
3.4.5 Flatdilatometertests(DMT) 151
3.4.6 GeotechnicalparametersofclaysfromDMT 154
3.4.6.1 Overconsolidationratio 154
3.4.6.2 Undrainedshearstrength 154
3.4.6.3 Constrainedmodulus 154
3.4.6.4 Coefficientofconsolidation 155
3.4.7 GeotechnicalparametersofsandsfromDMT 156
3.4.8 Pressuremetertests(PMT) 158
3.4.8.1 InterpretationofthePMTdata 160
3.5 Geophysicalmethods 167
3.5.1 Seismicmethods 167
3.5.1.1 Bodywaves 167
3.5.1.2 Surfacewaves 169