Table Of Content

ISBN 0-7778-7706-6 FORMULATING OBJECTIVES FOR MANAGEMENT ON AN ECOSYSTEM SCALE nod rk oryGabM n oitc esSecnei cmSetsysocE h cna rtBnempolev esDdradnatS t nemnoriv neE h ftyortsin ioMiratnO 8Y9L9U1J euqinhc entoitacilb ueptteC .sialgn ane'u qelbinopsi dtse'n 8 9,9o1ira trrnoeOftn isr'Pne e:utQhgirypoC sesopr ulpaicremmoc-n orn odfecudorp e eryb anmoitacilb uspihT .noitu beitratitra photripwpa PIBS 3672E Use of Language and Italics in this Document e rehW ,elbissop nialp egaugnal sah neeb desu rof eht tifeneb fo sredaer railimafnu htiw cifitneics .ygolonimret ,revewoH erehw on nialp egaugnal mynonys stsixe dna esu fo a ralucitrap mret .g.e( transdisciplinarity ,t) do e n erdeng roiban t eoc ietnthv fns aaiwa,oaieht techtrsp metoiearpcpmnioc ,dootsrednu eb tnetni ro evitcepsrep, esarhp italic ni dedivorp sis noitanalpxe na taht etacidni ot desu e ra .x1idneppA msnrecnoc tnemucod siht sA anageme derunovaf neeb sah "lacigoloce" drow eht ,telacs metsysoce na no d aetsni fo"environmental" ot dnime rsresu fo eehctnatrop mg,f insomineroteisdtyicsseonnconecoc s eitixelpmoc dna scimanyd ni llamanagement .snoisiced esehT owt sdrow era ton .smynonys fsoneoitanalpxE nvironment n faedo na cosystem approach x3idne p xpn1iAidnep pndAiedivo re pra .ylevitcepser TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Historical Context for Managing on an Ecosystem Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Purposes of this advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Anticipated users of this guide and the knowledge needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Content of this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.0 SOME FOUNDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 An ecosystem approach to management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Assessment of draft management objectives using principles and criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.0 A PROCESS FOR FORMULATING MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1 Evaluating the adequacy of a management objective statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2 Ten steps to satisfy management strategic directions, ideals and criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3 Effort needed to formulate management objectives, and some useful strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.0 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.0 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 TABLES TABLE 1 : aireti rtcnemsses sda nsalae d,isnoitcer icdigetar tes h ftyorammuS f otnetno cdn amro f,rebmu nlani feh tnrevo gdluoh shcihw sevitcejb otnemegana m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TABLE 2 : sevitcejb otnemegana mgnitalumro fro fspetS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 TABLE 3 : srotaroball oecvitcepso rgpnineer crs osfnoitaredisn oecmoS seitilibap agcniyr ahvt iw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 TABLE 4 : o tdedee ntroff egnissess aneh wredisno co tstnio pemoS .sevitcejb otnemegana metalumro f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 TABLE 2-1n ides ue bna csevitcejb otnemeg a:na mwo hf oselpmax eemoS gnikam-noisice d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 2A TABLE 3-1hcaorp pmaetsyso c neha t: idwetaicos ssatpecn occigetar tesmoS tnemegana mo t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2- 3A APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 : NOITANALPXE FO EMOS SMRET DNA STPECNOC APPENDIX 2 S ENVIITC ETJNBEOM EESEDGC EMNANFSOANAOUSATMR O:PMI GNIKAM-NOISICED APPENDIX 3 TNEME GH ACONATAOM RMPEPTAS YG SNNOIACDENATSR E:DNU APPENDIX 4 NOI T S AFN:NOOA I LESCTFPHLICOXTA GEEEDERDNTIIAADRTS TNEMEGANAM APPENDIX 5 NO I ATT:IAN RNEFEAMOTLSIPSRXECESSA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY e cnO ,degnahc eht noitidnoc fo a ralucitrap metsysoce nac eb yrev ,yltsoc ro elbissopmi ot restore. e na fo noitidnocThe cosystem f osnoitc adn asnoisice deh ty bdecneulfn iylnommo cs i y nam .elpoep roF ,elpmaxe hguoht netfo llams dna dessimsid ,s”atnaci fdienngiibsmnoic“ s uoremun noitullop secruos dna cigolordyh segnahc nac yldnuoforp tceffa a elacs-dehsretaw citeauqa cosystem. d etnawnU segnahc nihtiwecosystems nac eb detneverp fi eht lacigolo csenoitacilpmi dna s ecneuqesnoc fo elbisso psnoisiced dna snoitca era tsrif .detaulave nehW elpoep ediced ot e nae cneulfnicosystec yeht ,noitimdnoc derised ao eveihca ro niatniam ot llaborat dena gnitinu yb g sn nsroeiii iesd thgi ndit cdaevneeatiidt ct an.ecdnynani anaadnworacm orloe uctfnsiseccuS collaborati noitpircsedo raelc a dna noitidnoc lacigoloce denrised eht no tnemeerga seriuqer tsrif f o eht derised lacigoloce noitidnoc dna nommoc sucof ni eht mrof fo deliated management objectives. A management objective e tdaetrs isesehebtdir chs cetidnhewme teavtistatit ntai ucq is linpaxe v ralucitrap af o alued ecosystem component. Valued ecosystem components metsys o ec eherta edivorp stnenopmoc deulav .decalp esehT si eulav hcihw no se/ssecorp lanoitcnuf dna s/erutcurts m hcae fo enobkcabe ht anagement objective. Management objectives morf devired yllaitini era vision or goal .stnemetats nA evitcejbo tnemetats sniatnoc a derised tegrat rof ehtvalued ecosystem component ro a yraropmet evitatilauq noitcerid fo egnahc hcus( sa "esaerced" ro .sseccus rof enildaed a dna ,tegrat a ngissa ot tneiciffusni si gnidnatsrednu lacigoloce fi )"esearcni" e hT cifitneics dna lacinhcet ytixelpmoc fo eht ,tcejbus eht yticilpitlum fo sevitcepsrep fo ee etserarh guotoelttdaavr e oe,b rda eeiel fhssvlsot eeloes whdociot vcndnnnielagaaudividni gsnf sioe vcneciimuhsca anagement objectives, d nlaan oy instaea mslruee rhe-tdroaemtni fo .nier edheref feociv dea hrt odfe een hdteifira lecv a,hsevitcej beoseht c ot ecivda sreffoo tnemucods ihT llaboratorm gnitalumrofs rof elbisnopser anagement objectives nnaoecosystem nwon knihti welb a.ceillpap aec bo stdednetn idebircse ds issecor ppets-neA t s e i. mrf e a oetad dlsiey nbyr dn easueria ) rTotevos1ga (c ihosbneerrtreihoCepcgtfhodwrupj lebaT( )2 sah neeb .detelpmoc yrotan anlopixtEamrofni dna secnerefer detic swolla sresu ot e taicerppa eht egdelwonk dna slliks .deriuqer latnemadnuF stpecnoc era denialpxe gnisu a .elpma x n esamaetsyso cceitau qeala cdsehsretaw e hT pets-net ssecorp debircsed si htob na tra dna a ,ecneics dna ti seriuqer a lacitcarp d ncaiman yssdiseco re phetcitca rnhpig u.o "heTr emho refre ht teowgto g hfn"oidnatsrednu s s.ee)lc 2b oeaerhTc pT(n deneu ibqaiersc seserp daeneytehtsttir ar,loycftilibixs eerilufqer e eht gniyfitnedi htiwstarts cosystem boundarie dna ,)metssysoce citauqa elacs dehsretaw a .g.e( gniyfitnedi edulcni spets rehtruF .snoitcnuf dna derutcurts si metsysoce taht wohg nidnatsrednu e ht deulav serutcurts dna lanoitcnuf sessecorp fo eht ,metsysoce dna neht gnitats eht derised deknil yltnedneped-oc lla dna ,evitcejbo hcae nehw dedulcnoc si ssecorp ehT .hcae fo onitidnoc e .haTiretir ctnemssessd ansalae d,isnoitcer icdigetar t fssoeir eyasfsit a,ssevitcej b fosopuorg e mblli wstluser anagement objectives .noitatnemelp mri odfetfa ryclbati us i 1.0 INTRODUCTION .elacs metsysoce na no gniganam rof sevitcejbo etalumrof ot woh no ecivda sreffo tnemucods ihT s ihT mrof fo detneiro-stluser tnemeganam nihtiw metsysoce seiradnuob seriuqer esolc .lufssecc u eossbttnemegnar reavitaroballoc 1.1 Historical Context for Managing on an Ecosystem Scale The Concept desaercni dehsretaw a ni saera dnalhgih gnitserofed taht dnuof esenihC eht ,oga sraey 0063About :pihsnoitaler tnatropmi na derevocsid dah yehT .gnidoolf maertsnwod desuac dna ffonwuatrer m aertspu segnahc nac esuac detnawnu maertsnwod .secneuqesnoc yehT neht desu siht tneve rosptae rraetawda enyhilevitcef feer osmeitivit ced asnu anlam uehgan a ometgdelwonk .stcef fdeetal es rtd inganidoo lmfaertsnw oddetnawnu Throughout dedrocer ,yrotsih ynam namuh seitivitca evah neeb dnuof ot evah lacigoloce tceffe-dna-esuac lacigoloce eht gnidnatsrednU .detnawnu srehto ,detnaw emos -s ecneuqesnoc s)pyithislna oshiuctaiachl(wre tsix eneewte bn asmeuihtivit cdana eht tsom y lleakciilgoloce .se rluatcui fgn ooeli vot- iccdt ei nasde anw ec sroarifmelpooetlhtlacsa ynss ieoshncopteseirw r osmfis ae bhstedivo reprut ulfacigolo cdeeris ee d hfntooitpircs eAd anagement objectives. m fo tpecnoc eht y,lsuoivbO anagemente na no cosyste .emga fo emoc sah ti tub - wen ton si elacs gniruD eht tsal ytrof ,sraey devorpmi gnidnatsrednu fo ytilasuac nihtiw smetsysoce sah y lgnis dewoallaercni rof erom detacitsihpos dna etarebiledmanagement fo .nsaemiuthivitca gnitsixe ,deniatniam era snoitidnoc lacigoloce derised taht erusne ot nekatrednu sit nemeganaM d etnawnu lacigoloce secneuqesnoc era rehabilitated, and sometimes to enhance derised l acig o.lsoncoeitidnoc gniganaM namuh seitivitca ot niatniam derise dlacigo lsoncoeitidnoc era metsysoce na nihtiw seitivitca namuh taht serusne )2991 ,draagroN( mret gnol yrev athrough ekam osla lliw ecnanetniam hcuS .)3991 ,hcruM dna ,gninnaM ,ramuK( elbaniatsusy llacigoloce tnermpoleved-t syolptsoc ehabilitation .yrassecen nsunoitidn olcacigolo cdeeris e fdo A management objective e tdaet r ssieeshbetidr ch scteindhewme teavtistatit nt aiu cqsi ilnpaxe v ralucitra pfa o alued ecosystem component. Valued ecosystem components metsys o ec eherta edivorp stnenopmoc deulav esehT .decalp si eulav hcihw no se/ssecorp lanoitcnuf dnastructure/s hc mafeeonobkc aebht anagement objective. gnitalumrof ot etabed lartnec eht si metsysoce na nihtiw detnaw ,ton si tahw ro ,si tahwg nisoohC management objectives dna snoitacilpmi ynam. eht fo gnidnatsrednu na no desab si "gnisoohC" dna tnemnorivnE no noissimmoC dlroW eht yb 8891 ni deton sA .seciohc eht fos ecneuqesnoc lliw egamad latnemnorivne tneverp dna etapicitna ot..." ,]noissimmoC dnaltnurB[t nempoleveD ,cimonoce eht sa emit emas eht ta deredisnoc eb ycilop fo snoisnemid lacigoloce eht tahte riuqer t,rlada er, " u .dt,snlyn augorcrieieshrn nt geeosamn ioedis sednh neTsyameciindce igelaroap 1 etalumrof ohw srotaroballoc yb snoitidnoc lacol fo txetnoc eht nihtiw detargetni dnad eredisnoc management objectives .metsys orcaeluci t r roaafp Recent Events in Ontario .s eni rrg eanlcdiannwnouoocoribGtc i s ndsmseseestiito frrsr fouaycloe jdsahnorTucuoetban evitaroballoc fo srebmun gnisaercni ni detluser sah smetsysoce oiratnO ot segnahc detnawnuover stnemegarran gnoma snoitcidsiruj nihtiwecosystem boundaries .g.e( no a dehsretaw dna d ehsretawbus .)elacs egraL laitnetop tsoc sgnivas detaicossa htiw yllacigoloce elbaniatsus .stnemegnar rease hgtninets ashrotc ayfn a fmeo n sotinempoleved gninrecnoc ecivda rof sdeen nommoc evah netfo snoitcidsiruj gnoma stnemegnarrae vitaroballoC w oh ot eganam no na metsysoce .elacs nI ,3991 eht seirtsiniM fo eht ,tnemnorivnE dna fo :deltitne stnemucod eerht desaeler yltnioj yb deen gniworg siht ot dednopser secruoseRl arutaN ! hcaorp pmAetsyso c nEganitnemelp ms-Iis adBehsret anatWonemegan arMetaW ! gninna ldPehsretawbuS ! stnemucoD gninnalP lapicinuM otni sevitcejbO tnemeganaM retaW laicnivorPg nitargetnI m lifluf ot desu ssecorp noitatnemelpmia dna gninnalp a nialpxe nstnemucod eerhte sehTagement objectives .metsyso cceitau qeala cdsehsret anawiht iw desingocer saw elacs metsysoce na no gniganam ni snoitcidsiruj gnoma tseretni gniworg llitse hT n i yrotutats segnahc edam ni 6991 ot eht oiratnO gninnalP .tcA ehT tcA saw dednema ot rof snrettap esu dnal dna tnempoleved evitceffe-tsoc ,tneiciffe tpoda ot seitilapicinume garuocne g ni yntinnuammol chptworg ni desinagro saera fo eht .ecnivorp gninnalP tcA seicilop erew d ednema ot egaruocne a detanidro-oc hcaorppa ot laed htiw seussi hcihw ssorc lapicinum s eiradnuob .g.e( yciloP )e(1.1.1 - detanidrooc gninnalp nihtiwecosystem boundaries gnisu dehsretmaw anagement). n I ylrae ,7991 a ycnega-itlum dehsretaW gninnalP noitatnemelpmI tcejorP tnemeganaM e ettimmoC detelpmoc a eerht raey noitaulave fo dehsretawmanagement dna dedulcnoc taht dehsretaw managemen siht taht dna ,ssecorp nevird ytinummoc dnat detaitini yllacol a eb dluoc ecosystem approach to manageme .seicnega laicnivorpn yb degaruocne dna detroppust eb dluohs e hT eettimmoc demriffaer taht rettebmanagement fo namuh seitivitca ot tneverp detnawnu mrof siht fo sseccus taht desingocer osla tI .elbissop dna elbarised saw metsysoce na nis egnahc oftn eymle ngsoaemnvmalomo cvenv iie thsattrroobfaflelo cfo yna m ,seelspsoeenpi sdunba .siecnega tsuG dna kavoN )7991( ebircsed srotaroballoc ylnommoc devlovni ni gnitcudnoc .59 - d0h o9gei 9uhrs1otetrpch ettjnoermpe gdaenhasm roeitraawtnO e hT cifitneics dna lacinhcet ytixelpmoc fo eht ,tcejbus eht yticilpitlum fo sevitcepsrep fo s dsgeel n v i wi dl ,cnaogm noneni naeeavoleeuntrnag hasiic ant dmyssfaeseosiodechvetidni m gniveihca ni sseccus fo eerged ehta etaulave ot srotaroballocnagement objectives ynam eh,t dna 2 tnatr ospemsiu edam fo , seesvei h tetdcveeaijhfbior aelhct deen rof n oniatana lfpoxe woh ot r omsfevitcej beotalumrof anagement .ela cmsetsyso c n enao 1.2 Purposes of this advice : odteref f soeiciv dsaihT ! e bircsed woh naecosystem approach to management dluohs eb desu n ignitalumrof management objectives ! ebricsed a ci r,esnseegco repmos ,lsuefie gsseultaaerdtis dtn na,eamisrseetsisra csa a gnmitalumr or fotfni ogpnitra tnsomm odcetseggus anagement objectives ! e rusne taht tnenitrep seussi era ylluf detargetni dna detaroprocni otni siht ,ssecorp rof :elpmaxe - )cte...scimon o,c weoa tldneido csneeu llaavtei c.ogs .set(sere t dnsnieaulav - l acigoloce egdelwonk dna gnidnatsrednu gnidulcni na ytiliba ot tciderp eht erut ulfacigoloce - ,seitila emretsysoce - lmacol anagement ,sd een - ,stceffe lacigoloce detnawnu treva dluoc hcihw secitcarp dna ygolonhcet fos timil dna - management od tn;aseitivit cnaam ur hosfnoit po ! deknil si hcae taht dna sseccus rof detidua eb nac evitcejbo tnemeganam hcae tahte rusne ssecc udseunitn oecrus nodetede eey nbahmci hswerusa eemvitcerr ooct e hT ,cigo lstpecnoc dna spet sdebircsed era dednetni ot eb cireneg dna elbacil pnpiahtiw eht etartsul l oidte s sumietsyso cceitau qeala cdsehsre t. amAwetsysoy ce n fasoeiradnu onbwonk .dessu csstipde cenhotc 1.3 Anticipated users of this guide and the knowledge needed m gnitalumrof rof elbisnopser snosrep ot ecivda sa dednetni si ediugs ihTanagement objectives. tI si detcepxe taht eht gni tsleuvsietrcejb olliw eb desu ni yad-o tn-oyiasdice dgnikam yb lla managers. rehtar tniop gnitrats nommoc a tseggus dna noissucsid ,thguoht etomorp ot dednetni si ediugs ihT . knoao hbeotkvtoi otecpbir caserp : s ts dIeste sramssehuiostspusa ! ta mhfnwooitaicerp plaareneg anagement sliat neela cmsetsyso c ne nao edleahcssrmetawbus/d edhes trnseie trs,Faereowtelr nspiumaxe anagement dluo hesb 3 denoitnem ylsuoiverp stnemucod ecnadiug eerht eht fo tnetnoc dna tnetni eht htiwr ailimaf , 1n.o1it cneiS dna ! e gdelwonk fo noitaulav stpecnoc dna ,seuqinhcet dna fo woh ot ssessa rehtehw a ramlucitrap anagement objectiv .eelbaifire vr oelbaveihc ayllacigoloc es i ni stnemucod erutuf ni dna( tnemucod siht ni decnerefer erutaretil dna ,secidneppAe viF ,d)s e sdeei iri tovarhsstoerirst esposshua wy ae dmge nd ryi eeiefrlruhowoqtomenrk .deref feociv dea het s oustlliks h guohT esrevid egdelwonk dna slliks era na tessa gnoma ,sresu ti si osla demussa taht emos : eshstes ssorp egsnuitaroballoc ! h tped dna htdaerb fo cifitneics ,egdelwonk lacinhcet ,slliks gniniart-ssorc dna-ssorc t eb ot dedeenre cneirepxe ansdisciplinary. t taht eton otr tnatropmi si tI ansdisciplinarity nac hcihw tnenopmoc a TON si ti ;tuohguorht deriuqer dna ssecorp eht ot latnemadnufs i e b dedda .retal eeS noitceS 2.3 ylralucitrap( pets 2 dna elbaT )3 dna noitceS 3.1 fo .srotaroball ofncooitcel ee shnetociv dear or xmo5ifdneppA 1.4 Content of this guide eht taht erusne oT .3 noitceS ni dereffo ecivda pets-net eht ezisahpme ot desinagro si ediugs ihT .desicidnep pe arsaliat e,dderucs bt o osenicivda e hT tsrif dna dnoces snoitceS fo siht krow ylfeirb ecudortni eht ,tcejbus emos lautpecnoc gnigduj rof airetirc tnemssessa ,snoitcerid cigetarts ,slaedi tnemeganam yfitnedi dna ,snoitadnouf r ehtehw e hstse cnoor ipftoa lsuamhr odnfeeteebl prmoo fc. ehvciatecej bo ehT d rniohittceS m gnitalumrof rof ssecorp pets net as dnemmocer anagement objectives emos stseggus osla dna, .trof fsei hgtnitacol lr aosfeigetar tesm od sn,aderiuq etrrof fe ehgtnitamit sr eoafiretirc ehT .ediug siht ni desu stpecnoc dna smret lacinhcet emos fo snoitanalpxe sedivorp 1x idneppA m foe cnatropmi anagement objectiv tnemeganam fo sesue emos dna ,2 xidneppAs ni denialpxe si n.go d ni xeefitsitrokand s aan i ninmana3ela-las tpnpenpoxvoAiie cetsnciiecjebdo cosystem approach to management - a tpecnoc latnemadnuf ot siht .krow xidneppA 4 sebircsed management ,slaedi dna eht eerht cigetarts snoitcerid fomanagement. xidneppA 5 sniatnoc neeb sah ssecorp pets-net eht rehtehw gnigduj dna gnissessa rof desu airetirc xis fos noitanalpxe .detelpmo cyllufsseccus hretahiitwl issmsr aee ,fldtd saaeteehm ic rtusiesid csn onaeetephr ptedafeTetra edo pieorva , tcejbus evah tsrif daer dna dnatsrednu lla evif .secidneppa esehT secidnepp Aniatnoc erom n oitanalpxe dna noitinifed fo eht tnetni fo eht ,stpecnoc dna ecivda dna tnemegduj airetirc .dednemmocer 4 lliw eseht taht detapicitna si tI .dennalp era krow siht ot ecnaveler laiceps fo stnemucoFduture ,sse ti ds,ngen nsee osud oemlaonciiuo craitdcd dgdfpuoofnkiitdhoactrstancuebesmiecdlscni :ylralucitr a,psnoitidn omcetsyso cseses sodatede esneuqinhcet • Valuation for Managing on an Ecosystem Scale rehtruf( ecivda no gnitcelesvalued ecosystem components ( VECs)) • Predicting the Ecological Future era sevitcejbo rehtehw ssessa ot deriuqer egdelwonk( )elbaveihc ayllacigoloce • How to Assess Success in Achieving Ecosystem Scale Management Objectives lareneg( )elbaifir eev rsaevitcej broehte hswses s oadteriuq eergdelwonk • Design of Sampling Programs for Assessing Success in Achieving Ecosystem Scale Management Objectives seervaitc erjebh ot seds heeowrstis uaeqgedrel wdoenlkia ted( )si h o todwt od h ne-albaifirev 2.0 SOME FOUNDATIONS It syirassec eont dynlaltus fre em,do snsl,euuslftp epi n secdoaucnniiniatroraecputliar vcoet .n3oitc endSiebircs esdseco rppets-n ee thettelpm oycllufsseccus 2.1 An ecosystem approach to management nA " ecosystem approach to management" snaemmanagement fo namuh seitivitca ta na m etsysoce elacs .g.e( hcus sa nihtiw dehsretaw elacs seiradnuob fo na citauq a,metsysoce sa skees ti esuaceb detneiro-stluser si "tnemeganam ot hcaorppa" ehT .))4891( snekiL ybd ebircsed na mgunhi g ea tvnyie abi nmhricoaatn id,anmmaets y ns foonoicateid ndoe cryi tfsaieco deps .ssecc utscef fdalu ohcci hswecitca rdp nsaeitivitca e hT thguoht ssecorp gnidael ot na ecosystem approach to management seriuqer esu fo transdisciplinar tuo h.g)usoerihrTadnuob yranilpicsiid fo gnirrultb lanoitnetniy dna lufesoprup a( t ,3 noitceS ni dednemmocer ssecorp pets-rnete ht ansdisciplinarity dna erahs ot desu eb dluohs e grem sevitcepsrep dna ybereht ylluf etargetni lacigoloce egdelwonk dna ,gnidnatsrednu m lacol ,seitilaerm etsysoceanageme detnawnu treva hncihw secitcarp dna ygolonhcett dna ,sdeen .stcef fleacigoloce Transdisciplinarity se r.inuoqietraraperp noitaroballo Cot eveihca nomm oscevitcejbo no na m setinu elacsm etsysoce anagem dna slaeudividni ynam fo snnoitca tneuqesbus eht dnta snoisiced , seicnega dna swotseb ytilibisnopser rof gnitneverp detnawnu lacigoloce egnahc no esoht seriuqer noitarepo-oc fo level esolc sihT .ti esuac ylgniwonknu yam esiwrehto ohws rotaroballoc ylluf ,os gniod ni dna seulav gniylrednu fo tes nommoc a no susnesnoc hcaert srifto s rotaroballoc stsere trni ieehttargetni . 2.2 Assessment of draft management objectives using principles and criteria Management objectives de el n.tbai1saiiTrl e ,tdsinlr aacleadhicr a yrefehsi tihy tldalls uufohs 5