Food Biochemistry and Food Processing

761 Pages·2008·8.39 MB·English

FM_Hui_277065 11/1/05 11:12 AM Page iii
Food Biochemistry and
Food Processing
Editor
Y. H. Hui
Associate Editors
Wai-Kit Nip
Leo M.L. Nollet
Gopinadhan Paliyath
Benjamin K. Simpson
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Food Biochemistry and
Food Processing
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Y. H. (Yiu H.)
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iv
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Contents
Contributors vii
Preface xiii
Part I: Principles
1. Food Biochemistry—An Introduction 3
W. K. Nip
2. Analytical Techniques in Food Biochemistry 25
M. Marcone
3. Recent Advances in Food Biotechnology Research 35
S. Jube and D. Borthakur
4. Browning Reactions 71
M. Villamiel, M. D. del Castillo, and N. Corzo
Part II: Water, Enzymology, Biotechnology, and Protein
Cross-linking
5. Water Chemistry and Biochemistry 103
C. Chieh
6. Enzyme Classification and Nomenclature 135
H. Ako and W. K. Nip
7. Enzyme Activities 155
D. J. H. Shyu, J. T. C. Tzen, and C. L. Jeang
8. Enzyme Engineering and Technology 175
D. Platis, G. A. Kotzia, I. A. Axarli, and N. E. Labrou
9. Protein Cross-linking in Food 223
J. A. Gerrard
10. Chymosin in Cheese Making 241
V. V. Mistry
11. Starch Synthesis in the Potato Tuber 253
P. Geigenberger and A. R. Fernie
12. Pectic Enzymes in Tomatoes 271
M. S. Kalamaki, N. G. Stoforos, and P. S. Taoukis
Part III: Muscle Foods
13. Biochemistry of Raw Meat and Poultry 293
F. Toldrá and M. Reig
v
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vi Contents
14. Biochemistry of Processing Meat and Poultry 315
F. Toldrá
15. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Color in Muscle Foods 337
J. A. Pérez-Alvarez and J. Fernández-López
16. Biochemistry of Seafood Processing 351
Y. H. Hui, N. Cross, H. G. Kristinsson, M. H. Lim, W. K. Nip,
L. F. Siow, and P. S. Stanfield
17. Seafood Enzymes 379
M. K. Nielsen and H. H. Nielsen
18. Proteomics: Methodology and Application in Fish Processing 401
O. T. Vilhelmsson, S. A. M. Martin, B. M. Poli, and D. F. Houlihan
Part IV: Milk
19. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Milk Constituents 425
P. F. Fox and A. L. Kelly
20. Biochemistry of Milk Processing 453
A. L. Kelly and P. F. Fox
Part V: Fruits, Vegetables, and Cereals
21. Biochemistry of Fruits 487
G. Paliyath and D. P. Murr
22. Biochemistry of Fruit Processing 515
M. Oke and G. Paliyath
23. Biochemistry of Vegetable Processing 537
M. Oke and G. Paliyath
24. Nonenzymatic Browning of Cookies, Crackers, and
Breakfast Cereals 555
M. Villamiel
25. Rye Constituents and Their Impact on Rye Processing 567
T. Verwimp, C. M. Courtin, and J. A. Delcour
Part VI: Fermented Foods
26. Dairy Products 595
T. D. Boylston
27. Bakery and Cereal Products 615
J. A. Narvhus and T. Sørhaug
28. Biochemistry of Fermented Meat 641
F. Toldrá
29. Biochemistry and Fermentation of Beer 659
R. Willaert
Part VII: Food Safety
30. Microbial Safety of Food and Food Products 689
J. A. Odumeru
31. Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Methods
of Detection 705
R. L. T. Churchill, H. Lee, and J. C. Hall
Index 745
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Contributors
Harry Ako(Chapter 6) University of Waterloo
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
Bioengineering Phone (office): 519-888-4567 ext. 5816
University of Hawaii at Manoa Phone (home): 519-746-5133
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Fax: [phone]
Phone: [phone] Email: [email protected]
Fax: [phone]
Robin L.T. Churchill(Chapter 31)
Email: [email protected]
Department of Environmental Biology
University of Guelph
I. A. Axarli(Chapter 8)
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Enzyme Technology Laboratory
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Nieves Corzo(Chapter 4)
Agricultural University of Athens Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC)
Iera Odos 75 c/Juan de la Cierva, 3
11855 Athens, Greece 28006 Madrid, Spain
Phone: [phone]
Dulal Borthakur(Chapter 3)
Fax: [phone]
Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Email: ifiv308@ifi.csic.es
Bioengineering
C. M. Courtin (Chapter 25)
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Department of Food and Microbial Technology
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Faculty of Applied Bioscience and Engineering
Phone: [phone]
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Fax: [phone]
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20
Email: [email protected]
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Terri D. Boylston(Chapter 26) Phone: (cid:1)32 16 321 634
Food Science and Human Nutrition Fax: (cid:1)32 16 321 997
Iowa State University Email: [email protected]
2547 Food Sciences Building
N. Cross(Chapter 16)
Ames, IA 50011, USA
Cross Associates
Phone: [phone]
4461 North Keokuk Avenue
Fax: [phone]
Apt. 1
Email: [email protected]
Chicago, IL 60630, USA
Chung Chieh(Chapter 5) Phone: [phone]
Department of Chemistry Email: [email protected]
vii
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viii Contributors
Maria Dolores del Castillo(Chapter 4) Fax: (cid:1)64 03 364 2950
Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC) Email: [email protected]
c/Juan de la Cierva, 3
J. Christopher Hall(Chapter 31)
28006 Madrid, Spain
Department of Environmental Biology
Phone: [phone]
University of Guelph
Fax: [phone]
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Email: ifiv308@ifi.csic.es
Phone: [phone] ext. 52740
J. A. Delcour(Chapter 25) Fax: [phone]
Department of Food and Microbial Technology Email: [email protected]
Faculty of Applied Bioscience and Engineering Dominic F. Houlihan(Chapter 18)
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven School of Biological Sciences
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Y. H. Hui(Editor, Chapter 16)
Phone: (cid:1)32 16 321 634
Science Technology System
Fax: (cid:1)32 16 321 997
P.O. Box 1374
Email: [email protected]
West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA
Juana Fernández-López(Chapter 15) Phone: [phone]
Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria Fax: [phone]
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela Email: [email protected]
Universidad Miguel Hernández Chii-Ling Jeang(Chapter 7)
Camino a Beniel s/n 03313 Desamparados Department of Food Science
Orihuela (Alicante), Spain National Chung Hsing University
Phone: (cid:1)34 6 674 9656 Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
Fax: (cid:1)34 6 674 9609/674 9619 Phone: [phone]
Email: [email protected] or Fax: [phone]
[email protected] Email: [email protected]
Alisdair R. Fernie(Chapter 11) Sandro Jube(Chapter 3)
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Am Mühlenberg 1 Bioengineering
14476 Golm, Germany University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Patrick F. Fox(Chapter 19, 20)
Phone: [phone]
Food Science and Technology
Fax: [phone]
University College Cork
Email: [email protected]
Cork, Ireland
Mary S. Kalamaki(Chapter 12)
Phone: [phone]
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Fax: [phone]
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Email: [email protected]
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Peter Geigenberger(Chapter 11) Phone: (cid:1)30 2310 412238
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Fax: (cid:1)30 2310 412238
Am Mühlenberg 1 Email: [email protected]
14476 Golm, Germany
Alan L. Kelly(Chapter 19, 20)
Email: [email protected]
Food Science and Technology
Juliet A. Gerrard(Chapter 9) University of Cork
School of Biological Sciences Cork, Ireland
University of Canterbury, Phone: [phone]
Christchurch, New Zealand Fax: [phone]
Phone: (cid:1)64 03 364 2987 Email: [email protected]
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Contributors ix
G. A. Kotzia (Chapter 8) Samuel A. M. Martin(Chapter 18)
Enzyme Technology Laboratory School of Biological Sciences
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Agricultural University of Athens Vikram V. Mistry(Chapter 10)
Iera Odos 75 Dairy Science Department
11855 Athens, Greece South Dakota State University
H. G. Kristinsson(Chapter 16) Brookings SD 57007, USA
University of Florida Phone: [phone]
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Biomolecular Research Fax: [phone]
Aquatic Food Products Program Email: [email protected]
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Dennis P. Murr(Chapter 21)
Gainesville FL 32611, USA Department of Plant Agriculture
Phone: [phone] ext. 500 University of Guelph
Fax: [phone] Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Email: [email protected]fl.edu Phone: [phone] ext. 53578
Email: [email protected]
Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen(Chapter 17)
Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group Judith A. Narvhus(Chapter 27)
Food Biotechnology Dept of Chemistry, Biotechnology,
BioCentrum-DTU and Food Science
Technical University of Denmark Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Phone: [phone] Box 5003
Email: [email protected] 1432 Aas, Norway
Email: [email protected]
N. E. Labrou(Chapter 8)
Enzyme Technology Laboratory Henrik Hauch Nielsen(Chapter 17)
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Danish Institute for Fisheries Research
Agricultural University of Athens Department of Seafood Research
Iera Odos 75 Søltofts Plads
11855 Athens, Greece Technical University of Denmark, Bldg. 221
Phone and Fax: (cid:1)30 210 529 4308 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Email: [email protected] Phone: (cid:1)45 45 25 25 93
Fax: (cid:1)45 45 88 47 74
Hung Lee(Chapter 31)
Email: [email protected]
Department of Environmental Biology
Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen(Chapter 17)
University of Guelph
Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Food Biotechnology
M. H. Lim(Chapter 16)
BioCentrum-DTU
Department of Food Science
Technical University of Denmark, Bldg. 221
University of Otago
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Dunedin, New Zealand Phone: (cid:1)45 45 25 25 92
Phone: [phone] Fax: (cid:1)45 45 88 47 74
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]
Wai-kit Nip(Associate Editor, Chapters 1, 6, 16)
Massimo Marcone(Chapter 2) Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Department of Food Science Bioengineering
University of Guelph University of Hawaii at Manoa
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Phone: [phone], ext. 58334 Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
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x Contributors
Leo M. L. Nollet(Associate Editor) Milagro Reig(Chapter 13)
Hogeschool Gent Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología
Department of Engineering Sciences de Alimentos (CSIC)
Schoonmeersstraat 52 P.O. Box 73
B9000 Gent, Belgium 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
Phone: [phone]
Douglas J.H. Shyu(Chapter 7)
Fax: [phone]
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
Email: [email protected]
National Chung Hsing University
Joseph A. Odumeru(Chapter 30) Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
Laboratory Services Division Phone: [phone]
University of Guelph Fax: [phone]
95 Stone Road West Email: [email protected]
Guelph, Ontario N1H 8J7, Canada
Benjamin K. Simpson(Associate Editor)
Phone: [phone]
Department of Food Science
Fax Number: 519-767-6240
McGill University, MacDonald Campus
Email: [email protected]
21111 Lakeshore Road
Moustapha Oke(Chapters 22, 23) St. Anne Bellevue PQ H9X3V9, Canada
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Phone: [phone]
1 Stone Road West, 2nd Floor SW Fax: [phone]
Guelph, Ontario N1G 4Y2, Canada Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
L. F. Siow(Chapter 16)
Gopinadhan Paliyath(Associate Editor, Chapters
Department of Food Science
21, 22, 23)
University of Otago
Department of Plant Agriculture
Dunedin, New Zealand
University of Guelph
Phone: [phone]
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Fax: [phone]
Phone: [phone], ext. 54856
Email: [email protected] Terje Sørhaug(Chapter 27)
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology,
José Angel Pérez-Alvarez(Chapter 15)
and Food Science
Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela
Box 5003
Universidad Miguel Hernández
1432 Aas, Norway
Camino a Beniel s/n 03313 Desamparados
Email: [email protected]
Orihuela (Alicante), Spain
Phone: (cid:1)34 06 674 9656 P. S. Stanfield(Chapter 16)
Fax: (cid:1)34 06 674 9609/674 9619 Dietetic Resources
Email: [email protected] 794 Bolton St.
Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA
D. Platis
Phone: [phone]
Laboratory of Enzyme Technology
Email: PStanfl[email protected]
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural University of Athens Nikolaos G. Stoforos(Chapter 12)
Iera Odos 75 Department of Chemical Engineering
11855 Athens, Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Bianca M. Poli (Chapter 18) 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Animal Production Phone: (cid:1)30 2310 996450
University of Florence Fax: (cid:1)30 2310 996259
Florence, Italy Email: [email protected]