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Flora of Siberia, Vol. 13: Asteraceae (Compositae) PDF

516 Pages·2007·38.414 MB·\516
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Flora of Siberia Volume 13 Asteraceae (Compositae) @ Taylor & Francis & Taylor&Francis Group http t y0 andfr n com Flora of Siberia Volume 13 Asteraceae (Compositae) Principal Editor I.M. Krasnoborov, Dr. Biol. Sci. Science Publishers Enfield (NH) Jersey Plymouth SCIENCE PUBLISHERS An imprint of Edenbridge Ltd., British Isles. Post Office Box 699 Enfield, New Hampshire 03748 United States of America Internet site: http://www.scipub.net [email protected] (marketing department) [email protected] (editorial department) [email protected] (for all other enquiries) ISBN-13: 978-1-57808-112-7 (hbk)(vol 13) ISBN-13: 978-1-57808-071-1 (set) © 2007 Copyright reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Flora Sibiri. English translation Flora of Siberia/series editor L.I. Malyschev [translator, P.M. Rao). p. cm. Contents: v. 13. Asteraceae (Compositae) ISBN 978-1-57808--- 1. Botany-Russia (Federation)--Siberia. 2. Phytogeography-Russia (Federation)-Siberia-Maps. I.M. Krasnoborov, M.N. Lomonosova, N.N. Tupitsyna, O.S. Zhirova, E.A. Korolyuk, G.I. Serykh, N.M. Boldyreva, D.N. Shaula, A.A. Krasnikov, E.M. Antipova, E.I. Vibe and others Translation of: © Flora Sibiri, Vol. 13. Asteraceae (Compositae), "Nauka", Siberian Publishing Firm, RAN [Russian Academy of Sciences], Novosibirsk, 1997. Compilers: I.M. Krasnoborov, M.N. Lomonosova, N.N. Tupitsyna, O.S. Zhirova, E.A. Korolyuk, G.I. Serykh, N.M. Boldyreva, D.N. Shaulo, A.A. Krasnikov, E.M. Antipova, E.I. Vibe and others Editorial Board: I.M. Krasnoborov, L.I. Malyschev (series editor), A.V. Polozhij, A.K. Skvortzov and B.A. Yurtsev Published by Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA FLORA OF SIBERIA This compendium has been published in Russian in 14 volumes as follows (year of publication in parenthesis): Vol. 1: Lycopodiaceae-Hydrocharitaceae (1988) Vol. 2: Poaceae (Gramineae) (1990) Vol. 3: Cyperaceae (1990) Vol. 4: Araceae-Orchidaceae (1987) Vol. 5: Salicaceae-Amaranthaceae (1992) Vol. 6: Portulacaceae-Ranunculaceae (1993) Vol. 7: Berberidaceae-Grossulariaceae (1994) Vol. 8: Rosaceae (1988) Vol. 9: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) (1994) Vol. 10: Geraniaceae-Comaceae (1996) Vol. 11: Pyrolaceae-Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (1997) Vol. 12: Solanaceae-Lobeliaceae (1996) Vol. 13: Asteraceae (Compositae) (1997) Vol. 14: Keys to Families (Dichotomous and Polytomous) Supplements to Taxonomy and Chorology of Genera and Species, and Indexes of Genera and Species of Plants (under preparation) ABOUT THIS VOLUME For the first time this volume provides accurate data on taxonomy and chorology of species of the largest families of Compositae in the Holarctic. These species account for more than 12% of the species in the flora of the region and comprise 92 genera and 558 species in Siberia. Some of them are new and are being described for the first time. Differences in nomenclature and taxonomy from the already known data have been cited. Keys for genera and species and brief diagnostic features have been given. Chromosome numbers of species have been given based on original or available data. Most of the species have been illustrated afresh and their exact distribution ranges mapped. The presented material provides a vital scientific base for the utilization and conservation of the floral resources of Siberia. This book is designed for the use of botanists specialising in various disciplines including resource specialists and plant introducers, specialists in environmental conservation, teachers of high schools and colleges, students and school teachers and local specialists. The Russian language edition of this book has been published with the financial assistance of the Presidium of the Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences. PREFACE Compositae represent the largest family in the Siberian flora. Its members are extensively distributed in all the zones, from the Arctic to the desertified steppes in the south. These are annual or perennial plants, rarely subshrubs. As a rule, they do not form their own plant communities but, in many habitats, specially in the steppes, are active members of communities, e.g., wormwood, Filifolium and Saussurea. A large number of Compositae owe their propagation to human activity. Some are harmful weeds like yellow thistle (Cirsium setosum), field sow thistle and common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) while others are roadside plants and plants inhabiting abandoned natural human habitats: mayweed (Matricaria), common dandelion (Tara­ xacum officinale), common chicory (Cichorium intybus) and others. Some genera exhibit a distinct affinity to habitats with certain orographic and zonal ecological factors. Thus, the maximum number of Saussurea species are concentrated in mountains, arnika in the Arctic and mountains of northern Siberia, wormwoods of subgenus Seriphidium in the forest steppe and steppe habitats of the southern region. Many species of Compositae in Siberia are extinct or actively distributed in that territory: quickweed (Galinsoga), ragweed (Ambrosia), cotton thistle (Onopordon), etc. Some have spilled over but did not take kindly to wastelands or to places where the soil cover was disturbed: cosmos (Cosmos), species of coneflower (Rudbeckia) and others. The family includes endemics, mostly confined to the mountainous or the arctic territory of Siberia, as well as relicts. There are also species whose range shrank considerably due to intense anthropogenic factors that affected the Siberian ecosystem (Pyrethrum corimbosum and others). The survival of some species is threatened by intense human activity (Tridactylina kirilowii growing around Baikal town in Baikal region, Saussurea orgaadayi from South- Eastern Altay, Saussurea dorogostaiskii from Sayan and others). This volume covers the data on morphology, ecology and chorology of 92 genera and 558 species of Compositae growing in the Siberian wilderness. All the illustrations in the book are original and drawn by E.L. VasiTevskaya (Plates I, IV-XII, XX-XXEI, XXVII-LII), A.K. Pivovarov (Plates II, III, XIII-XVII, XXIV-XXVI) and E.V. Artemova (Plates XVIII and XIX). 8 Computer setting of the text was done by L.P. Katasonova. References were listed by O.S. Zhirova and E.A. Korolyuk. The distribution maps have been plotted on the basis of the herbal collections of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberia Division, Russian Academy of Sciences (NS), Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg (LE), herbaria of Tomsk University (TK), Altay University (Barnaul town), Moscow University (MW) and the Central Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MHA). The authors express their gratitude to the curators of all these herbaria. Colour photographs presented in this book have been prepared by I.M. Krasnoborov (1, 2, 5-7, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22, 32, 34, 39, 42, 44-48, 52, 55, 59-61), O.E. Kosterin (3, 9,10, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 53, 54), Kadota Iyuchi (8,13,16, 27, 28, 34-38, 43), D.N. Shaulo (4,18, 21, 25, 41), A.A. Krasnikov (11,17, 30, 51, 56-58), V.M. Khanminchun (15) and Yu.M. Kabaev (49, 50). * * * The following abbreviations have been used in describing the diagnostic features of plants: auct., non ...—auctores, non ... (authors, not...) class, hab.—classic habitat comb, nova—combinatio nova (new combination) diam.—diameter f.—forma (form) p.p.—pro parte (partly) s.l.—sensu lato (in a broad sense) sp.—species s.str.—sensu stricto (in a narrow sense) subsp.—subspecies syn.—synonym var.—varietas (variety) The distribution range of plants has been described by listing in a coded form the 28 administrative divisions, or the effective floristic regions of Siberia (see frontispiece) in the following sequence: West. Sib.: TYU—Yam, Khm, Tb, KU, OM, TO, NO, KE, AL—Ba, Go. Cen. Sib.: KR—Ta, Pu, Tn, Kha, Ve, TU. East. Sib.: IR—An, Pr, BU—Se, Yuzh, Chi—Ka, Shi, YAK—Ar, Ol, Vi, Al, Yan; Ko, where West. Sib.—Western Siberia TYU—Tyumensk Province Yam—Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District Khm—Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District Tb—Tobol Floristic Region 9 KU—Kurgan Province OM—Omsk Province TO—Tomsk Province NO—Novosibirsk Province KE—Kemerovo Province AL—Altay Territory Ba—Barnaul Floristic Region Go—Gomo-Altay Republic Cen. Sib.—Central Siberia KR—Krasnoyarsk Territory Ta—Taimyr Floristic Region Pu—Putoran Floristic Region Tn—Tunguska Floristic Region Kha—Khakass Republic Ve—Verkhneenisei (Upper Yenisey) Floristic Region TU—Tuva Republic East. Sib.—Eastern Siberia IR—Irkutsk Province An—Angara-Sayan Floristic Region Pr—Prilensk (Fore Lena)-Katanga Floristic Region BU—Buryat Republic Se—Severo-Buryat (Northern Buryat) Floristic Region Yuzh—Yuzhno-Buryat (Southern Buryat) Floristic Region Chi—Chitin Province Ka—Kalar Floristic Region Shi—Shilko-Argun Floristic Region (Dauria) YAK—Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Ar—Arctic Floristic Region Ol—Olenek-Nizhnelensk (Lower Lena) Floristic Region Vi—Vilyui-Verkhnelensk (Upper Lena) Floristic Region A1—Aldan Floristic Region Yan—Yano-Indigirka Floristic Region Ko—Kolyma Floristic Region

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