Flora of Siberia, Vol. 13: Asteraceae (Compositae)

516 Pages·2007·38.414 MB·\516

by  L I Malyschev (Editor)

Flora of Siberia
Volume 13
Asteraceae (Compositae)
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Taylor & Francis
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Flora of Siberia
Volume 13
Asteraceae (Compositae)
Principal Editor
I.M. Krasnoborov, Dr. Biol. Sci.
Science Publishers
Enfield (NH) Jersey Plymouth
SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
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ISBN-13: 978-1-57808-112-7 (hbk)(vol 13)
ISBN-13: 978-1-57808-071-1 (set)
© 2007 Copyright reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Flora Sibiri. English translation
Flora of Siberia/series editor L.I. Malyschev
[translator, P.M. Rao). p. cm.
Contents: v. 13. Asteraceae (Compositae)
ISBN 978-1-57808---
1. Botany-Russia (Federation)--Siberia. 2. Phytogeography-Russia
(Federation)-Siberia-Maps. I.M. Krasnoborov, M.N. Lomonosova, N.N.
Tupitsyna, O.S. Zhirova, E.A. Korolyuk, G.I. Serykh, N.M. Boldyreva,
D.N. Shaula, A.A. Krasnikov, E.M. Antipova, E.I. Vibe and others
Translation of: © Flora Sibiri, Vol. 13. Asteraceae (Compositae), "Nauka", Siberian
Publishing Firm, RAN [Russian Academy of Sciences], Novosibirsk, 1997.
Compilers: I.M. Krasnoborov, M.N. Lomonosova, N.N. Tupitsyna, O.S. Zhirova, E.A.
Korolyuk, G.I. Serykh, N.M. Boldyreva, D.N. Shaulo, A.A. Krasnikov, E.M. Antipova,
E.I. Vibe and others
Editorial Board: I.M. Krasnoborov, L.I. Malyschev (series editor), A.V. Polozhij, A.K.
Skvortzov and B.A. Yurtsev
Published by Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA
FLORA OF SIBERIA
This compendium has been published in Russian in 14 volumes as
follows (year of publication in parenthesis):
Vol. 1: Lycopodiaceae-Hydrocharitaceae (1988)
Vol. 2: Poaceae (Gramineae) (1990)
Vol. 3: Cyperaceae (1990)
Vol. 4: Araceae-Orchidaceae (1987)
Vol. 5: Salicaceae-Amaranthaceae (1992)
Vol. 6: Portulacaceae-Ranunculaceae (1993)
Vol. 7: Berberidaceae-Grossulariaceae (1994)
Vol. 8: Rosaceae (1988)
Vol. 9: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) (1994)
Vol. 10: Geraniaceae-Comaceae (1996)
Vol. 11: Pyrolaceae-Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (1997)
Vol. 12: Solanaceae-Lobeliaceae (1996)
Vol. 13: Asteraceae (Compositae) (1997)
Vol. 14: Keys to Families (Dichotomous and Polytomous) Supplements to
Taxonomy and Chorology of Genera and Species, and Indexes of
Genera and Species of Plants (under preparation)
ABOUT THIS VOLUME
For the first time this volume provides accurate data on taxonomy and
chorology of species of the largest families of Compositae in the Holarctic.
These species account for more than 12% of the species in the flora of the
region and comprise 92 genera and 558 species in Siberia. Some of them are
new and are being described for the first time. Differences in nomenclature
and taxonomy from the already known data have been cited. Keys for genera
and species and brief diagnostic features have been given. Chromosome
numbers of species have been given based on original or available data. Most
of the species have been illustrated afresh and their exact distribution ranges
mapped.
The presented material provides a vital scientific base for the utilization
and conservation of the floral resources of Siberia.
This book is designed for the use of botanists specialising in various
disciplines including resource specialists and plant introducers, specialists
in environmental conservation, teachers of high schools and colleges,
students and school teachers and local specialists.
The Russian language edition of this book has been published with the
financial assistance of the Presidium of the Siberian Division, Russian
Academy of Sciences.
PREFACE
Compositae represent the largest family in the Siberian flora. Its
members are extensively distributed in all the zones, from the Arctic to the
desertified steppes in the south. These are annual or perennial plants, rarely
subshrubs. As a rule, they do not form their own plant communities but, in
many habitats, specially in the steppes, are active members of communities,
e.g., wormwood, Filifolium and Saussurea. A large number of Compositae owe
their propagation to human activity. Some are harmful weeds like yellow
thistle (Cirsium setosum), field sow thistle and common groundsel (Senecio
vulgaris) while others are roadside plants and plants inhabiting abandoned
natural human habitats: mayweed (Matricaria), common dandelion (Tara­
xacum officinale), common chicory (Cichorium intybus) and others.
Some genera exhibit a distinct affinity to habitats with certain orographic
and zonal ecological factors. Thus, the maximum number of Saussurea species
are concentrated in mountains, arnika in the Arctic and mountains of
northern Siberia, wormwoods of subgenus Seriphidium in the forest steppe
and steppe habitats of the southern region.
Many species of Compositae in Siberia are extinct or actively distributed
in that territory: quickweed (Galinsoga), ragweed (Ambrosia), cotton thistle
(Onopordon), etc. Some have spilled over but did not take kindly to
wastelands or to places where the soil cover was disturbed: cosmos (Cosmos),
species of coneflower (Rudbeckia) and others.
The family includes endemics, mostly confined to the mountainous or
the arctic territory of Siberia, as well as relicts. There are also species whose
range shrank considerably due to intense anthropogenic factors that affected
the Siberian ecosystem (Pyrethrum corimbosum and others). The survival of
some species is threatened by intense human activity (Tridactylina kirilowii
growing around Baikal town in Baikal region, Saussurea orgaadayi from South-
Eastern Altay, Saussurea dorogostaiskii from Sayan and others).
This volume covers the data on morphology, ecology and chorology of
92 genera and 558 species of Compositae growing in the Siberian wilderness.
All the illustrations in the book are original and drawn by E.L.
VasiTevskaya (Plates I, IV-XII, XX-XXEI, XXVII-LII), A.K. Pivovarov (Plates
II, III, XIII-XVII, XXIV-XXVI) and E.V. Artemova (Plates XVIII and XIX).
8
Computer setting of the text was done by L.P. Katasonova. References were
listed by O.S. Zhirova and E.A. Korolyuk.
The distribution maps have been plotted on the basis of the herbal
collections of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberia Division,
Russian Academy of Sciences (NS), Botanical Institute of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg (LE), herbaria of Tomsk University (TK),
Altay University (Barnaul town), Moscow University (MW) and the Central
Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MHA). The authors
express their gratitude to the curators of all these herbaria.
Colour photographs presented in this book have been prepared by I.M.
Krasnoborov (1, 2, 5-7, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22, 32, 34, 39, 42, 44-48, 52, 55, 59-61),
O.E. Kosterin (3, 9,10, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 53, 54), Kadota Iyuchi (8,13,16, 27,
28, 34-38, 43), D.N. Shaulo (4,18, 21, 25, 41), A.A. Krasnikov (11,17, 30, 51,
56-58), V.M. Khanminchun (15) and Yu.M. Kabaev (49, 50).
* * *
The following abbreviations have been used in describing the diagnostic
features of plants:
auct., non ...—auctores, non ... (authors, not...)
class, hab.—classic habitat
comb, nova—combinatio nova (new combination)
diam.—diameter
f.—forma (form)
p.p.—pro parte (partly)
s.l.—sensu lato (in a broad sense)
sp.—species
s.str.—sensu stricto (in a narrow sense)
subsp.—subspecies
syn.—synonym
var.—varietas (variety)
The distribution range of plants has been described by listing in a coded
form the 28 administrative divisions, or the effective floristic regions of
Siberia (see frontispiece) in the following sequence:
West. Sib.: TYU—Yam, Khm, Tb, KU, OM, TO, NO, KE, AL—Ba, Go.
Cen. Sib.: KR—Ta, Pu, Tn, Kha, Ve, TU. East. Sib.: IR—An, Pr, BU—Se, Yuzh,
Chi—Ka, Shi, YAK—Ar, Ol, Vi, Al, Yan; Ko, where
West. Sib.—Western Siberia
TYU—Tyumensk Province
Yam—Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District
Khm—Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District
Tb—Tobol Floristic Region
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KU—Kurgan Province
OM—Omsk Province
TO—Tomsk Province
NO—Novosibirsk Province
KE—Kemerovo Province
AL—Altay Territory
Ba—Barnaul Floristic Region
Go—Gomo-Altay Republic
Cen. Sib.—Central Siberia
KR—Krasnoyarsk Territory
Ta—Taimyr Floristic Region
Pu—Putoran Floristic Region
Tn—Tunguska Floristic Region
Kha—Khakass Republic
Ve—Verkhneenisei (Upper Yenisey) Floristic Region
TU—Tuva Republic
East. Sib.—Eastern Siberia
IR—Irkutsk Province
An—Angara-Sayan Floristic Region
Pr—Prilensk (Fore Lena)-Katanga Floristic Region
BU—Buryat Republic
Se—Severo-Buryat (Northern Buryat) Floristic Region
Yuzh—Yuzhno-Buryat (Southern Buryat) Floristic Region
Chi—Chitin Province
Ka—Kalar Floristic Region
Shi—Shilko-Argun Floristic Region (Dauria)
YAK—Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Ar—Arctic Floristic Region
Ol—Olenek-Nizhnelensk (Lower Lena) Floristic Region
Vi—Vilyui-Verkhnelensk (Upper Lena) Floristic Region
A1—Aldan Floristic Region
Yan—Yano-Indigirka Floristic Region
Ko—Kolyma Floristic Region