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Fishery Products as Supplements in Poultry Rations PDF

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PURDUE UNIVERSITY THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION by____________________ Don Herman Mishler en titled _________FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS IN POULTRY RATIONS COMPLIES WITH THE UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON GRADUATION THESES AND IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy Professor in Charge of Thesis Head of School or Department February 19 TO THE LIBRARIAN:---- m ' THIS THESIS1S NQT TO BE REGARDED AS CONFIDENTIAL. PROFESSOR TES CHARGE GRAD. SCHOOL FORM 9—3-49—1M FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS IN POULTRY RATIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Don Herman Mishler In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy February, 1950 ProQuest Number: 27712252 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 27712252 Published by ProQuest LLC (2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 ABSTRACT FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS IN POULTRY RATIONS A study was made of the supplementary value of methionine, choline, betaine and fish products in a simplified corn and soybean oil meal ration supplemented only with riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, and nicotinic acid in addition to a simple mineral mixture and vitamin A and D feeding oil. Choline, betaine and methionine were all effective in supplementing the simplified ration. Betaine at 0.3 and 0.4 percent levels appeared to have higher supplementary value than either choline or methionine. A three percent level of homogenized condensed fish plus riboflavin in a corn and soybean oil meal ration was improved with high significance when calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, choline and methionine were added, indicating the product to be deficient in one or more of these factors. A three percent level of homogenized condensed fish did not improve the simplified ration containing the four synthetic B*complex vitamins and methionine. A level of 8 percent condensed fish solubles resulted in no better growth than 3 percent with male chickens. The maximum growth of the female chickens was at the 1 percent level. None of the fish pro­ ducts imparted a fishy flavor to the flesh of the chickens. Tests indicated that little deterioration had occurred when samples of condensed fish solubles were stored for a period of one or even two years in a refrigerator or in an unheated garage. When samples of fish solubles processed from sardine, menhaden, tuna, redfish and flounder were com­ pared there were small differences in the growth responses except for the tuna sample which gave significantly less growth. When soybean meal in the ration was increased to 60 percent, growth was retarded* This suppression was overcome to some extent by the addition of condensed fish solubles* Factorial experiments involving soybean meal, condensed fish solubles and both sexes of chickens showed that the male chickens responded more than the females to increased levels of fish solubles. Experiments were conducted to study the supplementation required by mixed grain rations for chicks. In the presence of condensed fish solubles 0.2 percent of choline chloride or 0.3 percent of DL-methionine significantly increased growth in a simplified corn and soybean oil meal ration, but failed to show supplementary value in a more complex grain ration. Efficiency of feed utilization was also much greater with the simplified ration as contrasted to the mixed grain ration. When either ground barley, ground oats, wheat middlings or wheat bran were fed at 30 percent levels, each significantly retarded growth as compared with an otherwise similar ration in which corn replaced these feeds. When attempts were made to improve the mixed grain ration by omitting one feed at a time and replacing it with corn, there was an increase in growth response as well as an increase in feed efficiency in every instance. Both mixed grain and simplified corn and soybean oil meal rations were improved with high significance by the addition of condensed fish solubles. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Sincere appreciation is expressed to Professor C. W. Garrick of the Department of Poultry Husbandry and to Professor S. M. Hauge of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry for their excellent counsel and guidance in the collection of data and preparation of the manuscript. Appreciation is also expressed to The Borden Company and to the Central Soya Company, sponsors of the assistant- ships which made this research possible, and to Director H. J. Reed of the Agricultural Experiment Station for making available the facilities of the Station for conducting these experiments. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION...................................... 1 A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................ 4 Methionine, Choline and Betaine ............. 4 Fishery Products ............ 8 Simplified Corn and Soybean Oil Meal Rations . . 14 Mixed Grain Rations...................... 15 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE.......... 17 Stock U s e d ................................ 17 Methods of Management ...........................17 Method of Feeding .................. 18 Source of Feeds and Vitamins .......... . 19 Records.............................. 20 Design and Statistical Analyses Used . . . . . . 21 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS............................... 23 Methionine, Choline, and Betaine . ............ 23 Trial I .................................... 23 Trial I I .................................... 25 Trial I I I .................................. 28 Trial I V .................................... 31 The Use of Fishery Products...................... 33 Trial V .....................................33 Trial V I .............. 36 Trial V I I ...................................39 Trial VIII...................... 42 Trial I X ...................... 45 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) Page Trial X .......... 47 Trial X I .....................................50 Supplementation of Mixed Rations.......... 52 Trial X I I ................ 52 Trial XIII...................................55 Trial X I V ...................................57 Trial XV . .................................59 Trial X V I ...................................61 DISCUSSION.............................................63 SUMMARY...............................................69 BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................72

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