Fishery Products as Supplements in Poultry Rations

90 Pages·04.654 MB·English

by  Mishler, Don Herman

PURDUE UNIVERSITY
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION
by____________________ Don Herman Mishler
en titled _________FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS IN
POULTRY RATIONS
COMPLIES WITH THE UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON GRADUATION THESES
AND IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
Professor in Charge of Thesis
Head of School or Department
February
19
TO THE LIBRARIAN:----
m
'
THIS THESIS1S NQT TO BE REGARDED AS CONFIDENTIAL.
PROFESSOR TES CHARGE
GRAD. SCHOOL FORM 9—3-49—1M

FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS
IN POULTRY RATIONS
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
Purdue University
by
Don Herman Mishler
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Philosophy
February, 1950
ProQuest Number: 27712252
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ABSTRACT
FISHERY PRODUCTS AS SUPPLEMENTS
IN POULTRY RATIONS
A study was made of the supplementary value of methionine,
choline, betaine and fish products in a simplified corn and
soybean oil meal ration supplemented only with riboflavin,
calcium pantothenate, and nicotinic acid in addition to a
simple mineral mixture and vitamin A and D feeding oil. Choline,
betaine and methionine were all effective in supplementing the
simplified ration. Betaine at 0.3 and 0.4 percent levels
appeared to have higher supplementary value than either choline
or methionine. A three percent level of homogenized condensed
fish plus riboflavin in a corn and soybean oil meal ration was
improved with high significance when calcium pantothenate,
nicotinic acid, choline and methionine were added, indicating
the product to be deficient in one or more of these factors.
A three percent level of homogenized condensed fish did not
improve the simplified ration containing the four synthetic
B*complex vitamins and methionine. A level of 8 percent
condensed fish solubles resulted in no better growth than 3
percent with male chickens. The maximum growth of the female
chickens was at the 1 percent level. None of the fish pro­
ducts imparted a fishy flavor to the flesh of the chickens.
Tests indicated that little deterioration had occurred
when samples of condensed fish solubles were stored for a
period of one or even two years in a refrigerator or in an
unheated garage. When samples of fish solubles processed
from sardine, menhaden, tuna, redfish and flounder were com­
pared there were small differences in the growth responses
except for the tuna sample which gave significantly less
growth. When soybean meal in the ration was increased to 60
percent, growth was retarded* This suppression was overcome
to some extent by the addition of condensed fish solubles*
Factorial experiments involving soybean meal, condensed fish
solubles and both sexes of chickens showed that the male
chickens responded more than the females to increased levels
of fish solubles.
Experiments were conducted to study the supplementation
required by mixed grain rations for chicks. In the presence
of condensed fish solubles 0.2 percent of choline chloride or
0.3 percent of DL-methionine significantly increased growth
in a simplified corn and soybean oil meal ration, but failed
to show supplementary value in a more complex grain ration.
Efficiency of feed utilization was also much greater with the
simplified ration as contrasted to the mixed grain ration.
When either ground barley, ground oats, wheat middlings
or wheat bran were fed at 30 percent levels, each significantly
retarded growth as compared with an otherwise similar ration
in which corn replaced these feeds. When attempts were made
to improve the mixed grain ration by omitting one feed at a
time and replacing it with corn, there was an increase in
growth response as well as an increase in feed efficiency in
every instance. Both mixed grain and simplified corn and
soybean oil meal rations were improved with high significance
by the addition of condensed fish solubles.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Sincere appreciation is expressed to Professor C. W.
Garrick of the Department of Poultry Husbandry and to
Professor S. M. Hauge of the Department of Agricultural
Chemistry for their excellent counsel and guidance in the
collection of data and preparation of the manuscript.
Appreciation is also expressed to The Borden Company
and to the Central Soya Company, sponsors of the assistant-
ships which made this research possible, and to Director
H. J. Reed of the Agricultural Experiment Station for making
available the facilities of the Station for conducting these
experiments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION...................................... 1
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................ 4
Methionine, Choline and Betaine ............. 4
Fishery Products ............ 8
Simplified Corn and Soybean Oil Meal Rations . . 14
Mixed Grain Rations...................... 15
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE.......... 17
Stock U s e d ................................ 17
Methods of Management ...........................17
Method of Feeding .................. 18
Source of Feeds and Vitamins .......... . 19
Records.............................. 20
Design and Statistical Analyses Used . . . . . . 21
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS............................... 23
Methionine, Choline, and Betaine . ............ 23
Trial I .................................... 23
Trial I I .................................... 25
Trial I I I .................................. 28
Trial I V .................................... 31
The Use of Fishery Products...................... 33
Trial V .....................................33
Trial V I .............. 36
Trial V I I ...................................39
Trial VIII...................... 42
Trial I X ...................... 45
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)
Page
Trial X .......... 47
Trial X I .....................................50
Supplementation of Mixed Rations.......... 52
Trial X I I ................ 52
Trial XIII...................................55
Trial X I V ...................................57
Trial XV . .................................59
Trial X V I ...................................61
DISCUSSION.............................................63
SUMMARY...............................................69
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................72