First-Year Modern Chinese CHINLANG1 Course Reader

27 Pages·13.81 MB·Chinese, English

by  Hong Zeng

Stanford University
Language Center
First-year Modern Chinese Course Readei I
(Chinlang 1)
Unit 1 - Unit 5
Fall Quarter, 2021
Hong Zeng
Contents
Classroom Expressions
Pronunciation I
Pronunciation II
Pronunciation 111
Pronunciation IV
Pronunciation V
Unit 1 - Unit 5
(Class Activities, Homework and Stroke Order of Chinese Characters)
Classroom Expressions
QTng kan keben. 32ye
Please look at the textbook at page 32.
QTng kan shu, 32ye
32 1
Please look at the book at page 32.
Women kan kewen
Let's look at the text.
QTng gen wo nian kewen
Please read the text after me.
Women yiqi nian kewen
Let's read aloud the text together.
Women yiqi zuo
Let's do it together.
1
Qlng zai shuo yibian
wen wenti
if i&
R I®]
Ask questions, Please say it one more time.
huida wenti
QTng zai nian yibian
Answer questions.
Please read it aloud one more time.
W6 y6u wenti
QTng kan yi kan
I have questions.
if#—#
Please take a look,
di yTge
di yTge wenti
the 1st one
the first question
di erge
di erge wenti
the 2nd one
the second question
disange
dong bu dong?
the 3rd one
Understand?
xia yige
T - ^ Dui bu dui?
next one
Correct?
(
Pronunciation I
Introduction to the Chinese Language
There are 56 nationalities in China. Among them, the Han is the largest one,
consisting of 94% of the Chinese population. Therefore the language that the Han
people speak is generally referred to as the "Chinese Language". Among the Han
people there are many dialects. Mandarin is spoken by more than 70% of the Han
people. It is called the "Common Speech" in Mainland China and called "National
Language" in Taiwan. Mandarin is used as the official Chinese Language both inside
as well as outside China. Mandarin is spoken in the northern part of China. It takes
the Beijing speech sounds as the standard sounds. (Please read page 2 of the prelude
of your textbook.)
Students who learn Chinese need to memorize three things: how to write the
character, how to pronounce the word, and the English meaning. For example,
Character pronunciation English meaning
ni you
Basic Strokes of Chinese Characters
f
f
(
(<
1
(
c
c
(
Introduction to the Sound System of Mandarin Initials: b P m f
Finals: a 0 i
A Chinese syllable is formed by three elements: the initial, the final and the tone.
The initial is like the consonant, and the final is like the vowel. There arc 21 initials
and 38 finals, which can form 408 possible syllables. Sometimes syllables can be
ba ba pa pa
without initials, but all the syllables must have finals and tones. There are four basic
mo mo mo fo
tones and one neutral tone in Mandarin. The same syllable may have a different
meaning when pronounced in a different tone. For example, ma, the first tone means
bi Pi mi mi
"mother'", the third tone means "horse. The following diagram can help us to
pronounce the four basic tones. Level 5 indicates the highest pitch of one's voice, level
1 indicates the lowest pitch of voice. (Ways to write the tone mark: ma not ma; pi not pi)
Initials: d t n 1
Finals: e u u
de du te tu nu nu
le lu lu Id lu
bu pu du tu lu mu nu
Initials: g k h
Neutral Tone
Finals: ai ei ao ou
1st + N 2nd + N 3rd + N 4th + N
(Ways to write the tone mark: gai not gai; kei not kel; hao not had; hou not hou
Please read "Placement of tone marks" on page 8 of the Prelude of your textbook)
gai gai kai kai hai hai
bei pei mei fei nei lei
gao kao hao gou kou hou
Initial: w
mama yeye nainai baba
wo wo wo
2
Neutral Tone
#. 44
baba mama nainai / 3
Learn to say:
Nihao! (Hello! Hi!)
9. Homework (Not turn-in homework)
a. Review all the pronunciation that you learned today.
b. Practice writing the 4 characters. Please memorize how to write them.
Learn four characters
(wo, I/me)
(ta, she/her)
Pronunciation II 2. Initials: J q x
Finals: ia ie iao iu(iou) ian iang in ing iong
Review 1
a. jia qia xia jie qie xie jiao qiao xiao
ba pa bo po mo fo
di tl bi Pf nu lu nu 10
b. jiu qiu xiu jian qian xian jiang qiang xiang
Review 2
ge ke he gu ku hu
c. jln jTng qin qing xin xing
pai lai mei fei tao nao fou hou
d. jiong qiong xiong
Practice 1
a. Listen to the following. Underline or circle the one you hear.
Review: ii
1 ba ba 6 ku gu
po m6 7 lei hei Note: ju=ju qu=qu xu=xu (We don't write the two dots after " j q x".)
3 fo fou 8 nao nao
a. ju qu xu
4 lu la 9 hou hou
5 de du 10 di ti
3. Initial: y
Initials: zh ch sh r
a. ya yan yao you yang yTn ying
Finals: -i an en ang eng onj
b. ye=ie
zhl chl shi ri zhe che she re
ye ye ye ye
b. zhSn chan shen ren zhang chang sheng reng
c. yu= u (We don't write the two dots after "y'\)
zhong chong rong
yu yu
c- zha chai shei rou zhei chao shou zhu chu shu ru
4. Neutral Tone
d. dong tong nong long gong kong hong baba mama yeye nainai
7
6
5. Third Tone Change Rules
Kulel: 3rd tone + 3rd tone > 2nd tone + 3rd tone
3rd tone + 3rd tone + 3rd tone > 2nd tone + 2nd tone +3rd tone
ni hao nf hao
ye hen hao > ye hen hao
Rule 2: 3rd tone + 1sl tone or 2nd tone or 4th tone or neutral tone
> half 3rd tone + 1st tone or 2nd tone or 4th tone or neutral tone
half third tone
lao shl ^ lao shl
wo qu > wo qu
(Note: We don't change the 3rd tone in writing.)
Practice the following:
a. henhao nlhao
b. qlqiu nishi
5. Learn to say:
Ninhao! (Hello! a more polite way)
Nimen hao! (Hello! Here "you" is in plural form.)
Dajia hao! (Hello, everyone!)
8
Pronunciation 111
Homework
Review
Review 3
a. Review all the pronunciation that you learned today.
a. zha zhc zhi zhu zhai zhao zhou
cha che chi chu chai chao chou
Write five times of all the characters you have learned these tw o days on a piece of
paper. And the most important thing is to memorize how to write them. sha she shi shu shai shei shao shou
(Scan what you have written and submit it through "Assignment" on re ri ru rao rou
Canvas.)
b. zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong chan chen chang cheng chong
Review 4
Ji qi XI
jia qia xia jie qie xie jiao qiao xiao
jiu qiu xiu jian qian xian jiang qiang xiang
jin qin xin jlng qing xing
jiong qiong xiong ju qu xu
Review 5
a. dan dang tan tang man mang
ben beng pen peng fen feng geng keng heng
b. Ian leng long lie liao liu lian
3^
nan nie niao niu nian niang ning
fei to hu lou fan fang feng
c. wa wo wu ye yao van you yang ying
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