Finite Mathematics and Applied Calculus

1364 Pages·2017·95.796 MB·English

by  Stefan Waner, Steven Costenoble

Index of Applications
Business and Economics Company transfers, 594 E-readers, 82, 973
Acquisitions, 1117 Competition, 391–392, 639 Estimating student population trends,
Adjustable rate mortgages, 243 Compound interest, 74–75, 213–215, 1185–1189
Advertising costs, 101, 416, 431, 432, 218 Factory location, 372–373
811, 812, 844, 811, 812, 844, 927 Computer codes, 524 Feeding schedules, 308
Agriculture costs, 450, 464 Computer hard drives, 79, 83, 188 Fees, 211, 239
Air bag safety, 611, 622 Computer network traffic, 309 Financial stocks, 416, 432
Aircraft purchases, 294–295, 299 Computer performance testing, 665 Fixed-line telephone subscriptions, 111
Airline costs, 300 Computer usage, 1050 Foreign investments, 1117
Airline empty seat volume predictions, Constant dollars, 217–218, 222 Foreign trade, 735
1227–1231 Construction cost, 1171 Freon production, 158, 160, 792
Airline net income, 101 Consumer Price Index, 957–958 Funding for NASA, 61, 733
Airline profits and the price of oil, 112 Consumers’ surplus, 1087–1088 Future income, 1096
Airline stocks, 735 Continuous compounding, 153–154 Future sales, 1099
Allocation of labor, 925–926, 963–964 Continuous income stream, 1091–1092 Future value, 213–214, 220, 225,
Amortization schedule, 232 Corporate bonds, 206 1092–1093
Annuities, 228–231, 1096 Corporate spying, 392 General Electric’s net income, 142,
Arts funding, 769 Corporations, 530 143, 834–835
Asset appreciation, 931, 932–933, 950 Cost, 390, 424–426 Gold prices, 675, 829
Australia economy, 387 Cost changes, 897 Health expenditures, 155, 1001, 1084
Auto theft, 612 Cost function, 65–68, 92, 99, 424–426 High-dividend stocks, 416, 432
Automobile lifespan, 684–685 Cost overruns, 872 Highway safety, 658, 666, 677
Average cost, 841–843, 919, 927, 958, Cover charges, 144 Home loans, 421–422
962, 965, 1152, 1163 Crude oil prices, 770, 792, 833, 870 Home mortgages, 231
Average profit, 931 Crude oil production, 60 Home prices, 159, 330, 734
Average revenue, 1177–1178 Customer interests, 499, 501–502 Home sales, 159, 609, 872
Boat sales, 506 Customer online IDs, 543 Hospital staffing, 467
Bond funds, 415 Cyclical employment patterns, 1198 Housing construction expenditures,
Bonds, 210, 216–217, 221, 223, 234, Day trading, 539 1050–1054
1096 Debt analysis, 634 Housing costs, 846, 894, 1143
Book sales, 116 Deflation, 1207, 1214 Housing starts, 60, 516, 733, 956, 1014,
Bottled water for pets, 1008–1009 Demand, 68–71, 80–82, 84, 99, 111, 1044, 1086, 1206
Bottled water sales, 805–806, 944, 1001, 118, 138–139, 791, 894, 965, 966 Humanitarian aid, 1105
1015, 1031, 1043, 1068, 1086 Dental plans, 82 Hybrid car development, 310–312
Box design, 930, 978–979 Depreciation, 170, 221, 223 Hybrid cars, 563–564, 573–574
Brand loyalty, 1151–1152, 1162 Development assistance, 1104–1105 Hybrid loans, 244–245
Break-even analysis, 79–80, 118 Doubling time, 170–171 Hybrid vehicle sales, 563, 573–574
Bridge loans, 205 Early Internet services, 793 Imports amounts, 100
Broadband connections, 178, 186–187, eBay transactions, 564 Income distribution, 635, 656, 676,
729–730, 785–786 Econometrics, 304 677, 690, 691
Business loans, 239 Economic growth in Mexico, 1014, Income elasticity of demand, 971–972
Business retreats, 309–310 1044 Income taxes, 62
Car dealership data, 503 Education expenditure, 142, 144, 766 Income, 101, 345, 682
Car leasing, 239 Effective interest rate, 218–219, 221 Industrial output, 948
Car loans, 238 Elasticity of demand, 968–972, 975 Inflation, 217–218, 222, 937–938,
Car rental locations, 297–298 Electric rates, 735 944–945, 1207, 1214
Cash flows into stock funds, Emission control costs, 846 Initial public offerings (IPOs), 309
1201–1202 Employee IDs, 525 Input-output to meet demand, 387
Cellphone revenue, 887, 930, 1104 Employment figures, 102, 610, 621, Installment loans, 231
Cigarette sales, 1104 634, 691 Insurance schemes, 679, 706
Client databases, 505 Equilibrium price, 69–71, 81–82, 269, Interest-only loans, 244
Company retreats, 1184 273 Internet advertising, 117, 1184
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Internet audience, 301 Monorail service, 928 Projected profit, 929
Internet commerce, 686–687, 688 Monthly compounding, 165 Projected revenue, 928, 972
Internet connectivity, 611, 621 Mortgage delinquencies, 102 Projected sales, 1049, 1050
Internet investments, 585 Mortgages, 231, 567, 580, 584, 665, Publishing, 515, 560, 568, 610
Internet stock boom, 665 700–701 Publishing costs, 116
Internet use, 181, 182 Movie advertising in newspapers, 755 Purchasing, 273, 299, 308, 415, 430,
Inventory control, 301–302, 330–331, Municipal bond funds, 415 449, 459–462, 464, 466, 481
390, 543, 638–639 Music sales, 464–465, 566–567 Quality control, 666, 699–700
Inverse ETFs (Exchange Traded Mutual funds, 416 Rate of return, 233
Funds), 356 Negative amortization loans, 244 Real estate, 344, 345
Inverse mutual funds, 300–301 Net income, 61, 100, 242, 834–835 Recycling, 451
Investment comparison, 222–223 Nightclub management, 144 Refinancing, 238, 239
Investment growth, 74–75, 84, Normal curve, 1034 Research and development, 883, 931
170–171, 221, 223 Oil consumption, 1034 Resource allocation, 267–268, 271,
Investment growth time, 219 Oil expenditures, 965 299, 308, 356, 413–414, 415,
Investment percentage return, 223 Oil imports from Mexico, 142, 791, 419–421, 427, 430, 431,
Investments, 84, 159, 170, 305, 306, 805, 858, 949 432–433, 444–445, 449–450,
392, 416, 421–422, 432, 452, Oil production in Mexico, 142, 791, 464, 482, 486
486, 884, 1084, 1116, 1117, 1153 766, 767, 791, 805 Resource optimization, 923–925
iPod sales, 50, 145, 1205, 1206 Oil revenues, 965 Retail discounting, 372
Job training by gender, 665 Oil spill, 1017 Retirement account, 226, 235, 236–237
Kenya economy, 384–385 Online auctions, 564, 1031, 1045 Retirement planning, 222, 226,
Labor negotiations, 376 Online bookstore revenue, 1142 230–231, 239, 243–245
Layaway fees, 211 Online cosmetics, 709 Returns on investment, 949
Legal costs, 1050 Online payments, 1031, 1044, 1085 Revenue, 96, 143, 158, 187, 330, 334,
Linear cost function, 92 Online sales, 708 338, 344–345, 390, 857, 858,
Linear demand function, 93 Operating expenses, 100, 112 897, 928–929, 933, 965, 978,
Linear regression, 1159 Overdrawn accounts, 467 1014, 1043, 1068, 1095–1096,
Loan planning, 451, 452 Package dimensions, 930, 1163, 1171, 1104, 1116–1117, 1162, 1163,
Loans, 239, 451–452, 700–701 1172 1171, 1180, 1181, 1226
Long-term investments, 170 Panic sales, 1105 Risk management, 433, 482, 634, 678
Luggage dimensions, 930, 1163 Pasta imports, 1086 Sales, 182, 188, 308–309, 325, 326, 340,
Manufacturing, 665, 677 Pensions, 237 372, 464, 639, 896, 897, 899,
Marginal cost, 837–838, 846, 860, 995, Per capita gross domestic product, 948, 979–980, 1015, 1044, 1048,
1000, 1036, 1142, 1146–1149, 107–108 1049, 1067, 1085, 1104, 1112,
1151, 1152 Personal bankruptcy, 609 1142–1143, 1214, 1220, 1226
Marginal loss, 845 Petroleum and natural gas, 379–381 Sales acceleration, 935–936
Marginal product, 840–841, 845, 847, Point of diminishing returns, 939 Sales fluctuations, 1206, 1207
860, 865–866 Present value, 216, 220, 221, 228, 1093 Sales growth, 94–95, 881
Marginal profit, 839, 845 Pressure gauge testing, 699 Savings accounts, 205, 213, 215–216,
Marginal revenue, 839–840, 845, 846, Price elasticity of demand, 968–970 221, 230, 239, 884, 1080, 1117
871, 872, 1152 Price elasticity of supply, 976 Scheduling, 433, 452–453, 466–467,
Market growth, 898–901 Price wars, 374 487
Market index, 770 Price-to-earnings ratio, 897 Scientific research, 181, 182, 733, 945,
Marketing, 372, 488, 609, 633, 639, Pricing, 858 946, 1015, 1031, 1045, 1141,
704, 708 Processor speeds, 62, 101, 755 1151
Marketing strategy, 931, 488, 609, 633, Producers’ surplus, 1089–1090 Shipping, 310, 487
639, 704, 708, 931 Product design, 527, 541, 544–545, 596 Silver prices, 676
Market saturation, 1113, 1114 Production costs, 117 Simple interest, 204, 206, 210, 212
Market share, 301, 393–396, 585, 635, Production levels, 838, 842 Simple loans, 210, 211, 239
835, 836, 1142 Production lot size management, Sinking funds, 226
Market surveys, 621 981–983 Spending on paper, 1116
Market volatility, 769 Productivity, 524, 611, 893, 894, Spending on shipping, 1116
Maximum revenue, 922–923 1143, 1169–1170, 1172, 1180, Staff cutbacks, 373
Medicare spending, 1086 1183–1184 Stock dividend yields, 538
Military spending, 859 Profit, 66–67, 80, 112, 118, 330, 345, Stock investments, 211, 223, 242,
Minimizing average cost, 919 346, 928, 929, 948, 978, 1030, 305–306, 309, 357, 391, 416,
Money stock, 873, 894 1043, 1112, 1171, 1185 486, 810
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Stock market, 657, 675, 690 Area maximization, 920–921 Displacement, 1067
Stock market gyrations, 568, 657, 675, Area minimization, 1168–1169 Doctorates in Mexico, 113, 733
690 Astrology software package, 585 Donations to causes, 300
Stock percentage return, 223 Athletics, 516 DVD discs, 524
Stock portfolio management, 452, 678 Auctions on eBay, 564 Eccentricity of Earth’s orbit, 1216
Stock portfolios, 524, 678 Average speed, 1078–1079 Education and employment, 610–611
Stock prices, 187, 188, 242, 516, 538, Aviation crashes, 705 Electric current, 1113, 1197, 1224
560, 650, 1080–1081, 1085 Balloons, 964 Electric grid stress, 693–694
Student intern costs, 1050 Baseball batting averages, 704 Electrostatic repulsion, 1153
Subprime mortgages, 180, 767, 793, Baseball runner speeds, 966 Elevator, descending, 965
794, 886–887, 932, 947, 958, Basketball confidence level, 634 Employment, 634
1001–1002 Betting, 372 Employment value of students, 894,
Subsidies, 466 Blending, 268–269, 293 967
Supermarket checkout lanes, 676, 692 Bodybuilding supplements, 430–431, End of the Earth, 770, 957, 965
Supply, 69–70, 300, 965 451, 466 End of Venus, 965
Supply and demand, 273 Building blocks, 527–528 Energy efficiency, 430
Tax fraud, 710–712 Bungee jumping, 117 Engineering and technology graduates,
Tax refunds, 208 Calendars, 527 1023
Tax revenue estimations, 1117–1121 Camping, 658, 677 Entertainment, 516
Taxation schemes, 846 Campus food demand, 386 Exams, 521, 673
Television advertising, 144, 806, 1084 Candy, 561 Exposés run by newspaper, 273
Television ratings, 362–363, 705 Car engine cylinders, 527 Facebook membership, 1000, 1033,
Time management, 433 Car leasing/renting, 610 1043
Total cost, 298, 1067 Car purchases, 657–658 Faculty salaries, 1128
Total revenue, 1067 Cat on the piano, 594 Falling ladder, 961–962
Total sales, 995–996 Checkout lanes at supermarkets, 676, Feeding schedule for tropical fish, 308
Tow ratings of SUVs, 656 692 Fences, 928, 928
Toxic waste treatment, 82 Cheese production, 345 Fiber optic connections, 114
Transportation scheduling, 310, Chocolates, 561 Fitness tests, 612
452–453, 466–467, 487 Class scheduling, 271 Food items consumed, 273
Treasury bills, 207–209 Coin tosses, 513–514, 572, 602–603, Food vs. education expenditures, 834,
Tree plantation management, 931, 950 649–650, 652, 655, 702–703 871
Trust fund, 229–230 College basketball, 182–183, 768–769 Food vs. recreation, 834, 871
T-shirt profit, 143 College degree requirements, 309, 487, Football team ratings, 595
Unemployment figures, 689–690 544 Fuel economy, 846, 858, 871
Utility function, 1143, 1153, 1226 College major switching, 633 Gambling, 585, 631–632
Variable sales, 1105 College tuition, 973, 976, 1095 Games, 359–360, 365–368, 371,
Varying cost, 1223 Combination locks, 527, 541 482–483, 521, 534–537, 594,
Vehicle sales, 563 Committee selection, 591–593, 596 597–598
Video arcades, 676 Committees, 596 Gamma function, 588
Vidphone revenue, 1104 Comparing IQ tests, 705 Garden fencing, 79
Wealth distribution, 692–693, 704 Computer codes, 524 Gas heating demand, 1212–1213
Website crashes, 1050 Computer programming, 527 Gas mileage of SUVs, 690
Website popularity, 60, 83, 756 Computer programs, 527 Gasoline consumption in the United
Website profit, 143 Conical vessel, 967 States, 1026–1027, 1067
Website stability, 116 Credit card numbers, 525 Geometry, 1171, 1172
Website traffic, 116, 186, 308, 1183 Credit card payments, 238 GMAT exam, 594
Zero coupon bonds, 217, 221 Crop choice, 373 Grade complaints, 621
Cylinders, 967 Grade-point averages, 657
General Interest Dairy products consumption, 345 Graduation rate of high schools, 1045
Academic testing, 620 Data encryption, 357 Grant spending rate, 1045
Acceleration due to gravity, 935 Degree requirements, 309, 487, 544 Graph searching, 595–596
Acceleration on Mars, 943 Demand for Freon, 792 Ground speed of airliner, 1002
Acceleration on the Moon, 944 Desserts, 518–519 Guessing on exams, 673
Acidity of solution, 173 Dice rolling, 497–498, 538, 542, 549, Gummy bears, 561
Air travel, 1207 551–552, 557–558, 574–576, Harmonic motion, 1215
Amusement, 515 599, 637, 638, 655, 658, 707 Home prices, 330, 656–657, 734
Area expansion rate, 959–960, 964 Diet, 488–491 Horse races, 561
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Household income, 1001 Nutrition, 271–272, 356, 415, 430, 465, Sound intensity, 173
Housing prices, 656–657 480–481 Soybean production, 112
HTML colors, 526 Odd-number digits, 528 Spam email, 1202–1203
Ice cream, 345, 523 Oil pollution, 872, 1034, 1144 Sports, 595
Income and expenses, 1075 Oil recovery, 111 Sports gear, 82–83
Income brackets of first-year lawyers, Organic produce, 569 Sports injuries, 671–672, 714, 716
674 Padlock code design, 527, 596 Standardized tests, 665
Incomes of lawyers, 674 Pasta imports, 100 State lotteries, 594
Internet connections, 568 Perfume blending, 300 Student admissions, 586
Internet use, 611, 621, 705 Personal bankruptcy, 609 Student pastimes, 690
Intramural sports, 273 Plagiarism among students, 386 Study techniques, 373, 488
Investment lottery, 588–589 Planning for income maximization, 432 Study time, 79, 846
IQ scores, 665, 704–705, 706 Poker, 536, 543, 590–591, 593, 638 Sunspots, 964
Isotherms, 1145 Poker hands, 536–537, 538, 543, Swimming pool area, 1034
Itineraries, 538 590–591, 593 Symmetries of stars, 524–525
Job preferences, 530 Polls, 586, 706 Teenage marketing, 692
Juice blending, 293, 419–421 Pollution control, 927, 928, 1162 Teenage pastimes, 665, 677,
Kinetic energy, 1046 Popularity ratings, 689 691–692
Laplace transforms, 1106 Prisoners’ dilemma, 375 Teenage spending, 669
Latin music sales, 299, 464–465, Processor speeds, 62, 101, 755 Telephone numbers, 525
566–567 Product reliability, 610 Television ratings, 362–363, 705
Laundry detergent switching, 624–625 Production function, Cobb-Douglas, Temperature, 1181
Laundry items discarded, 273 892–893 Tenure, 300
Legal argument, 606–607 Protein supplement mixtures, 272 Test scores, 657
License plates, 526 Publishing, 273–274, 515, 560, 568, Tests, 524, 593, 657
Lie detectors, 569, 617–618 610 Textbook adoption, 634
Logistic models, 949 Puddles, 964 Textbook sizes, 100, 112
Lorentz contraction, 794 Pump filling water tank, 1030 Textbook writing, 374
Loss of Odyssia, 957 Purchasing, 273 Theater casting, 528–529
Lotteries, 594 Radar detectors, 524 Theft rates, 171
Lotto, 534–535 Reading lists, 512 Theory of linear programming, 541
Love potion blending, 268 Real estate, 344–345 Tides, 1207, 1214, 1224
Mac versus Windows, 709 Restaurant inspection, 475–477 Tilt of Earth’s axis, 1215–1216
Marbles, 535–536, 537, 588 Restaurant menus, 515 Time dilation, 794
Market surveys, 621 Retirement planning, 222, 236 Tourism, 302, 331, 332, 346
Mazes, 526–527 Reward choices, 524 Tournaments, 525, 539, 594
Mercury imports, 100 Richter scale, 172 Traffic flow, 295–296, 303–304
Meteor impacts, 1105 Rising rocket, 965 Traffic management, 304, 309
Minimalist art, 527 Road safety, 610 Transportation, 297–298, 388
Mobile broadband subscriptions, 111 Roulette, 606, 672, 677 Travel, 610
Monkey at the typewriter, 594 SAT scores, 704, 706 Traveling salesperson, 540
Monty Hall problem, 640–641 SAT scores by income, 733, 734, 756, Unfair coins, 572, 602–603, 661
Morse code, 528 771, 772, 806, 835, 885 University admissions, 620–621, 639
Motion along a graph, 966 School and work survey, 550, 552–553, Variables in VISUAL BASIC, 525
Motion around a circle, 966 578, 600, 618–619 Velocity, 95–96, 100, 781–782, 792,
Motion in a straight line, 944, 958, School enrollments, 676 800–801, 805, 834
996–998, 1002, 1015 Scientific research articles, 181–182, Vertical motion under gravity,
Motor vehicle safety, 567 733, 945, 946, 1015, 1031, 1045, 998–999, 1002
Movie theaters in malls, 690 1141, 1151 Video arcades, 676, 692
Movie watching time, 79 Scrabble, 521–522 Villains slain by warrior, 300
Movies, 540 Semifinalist selection, 540, 594 Volume, 1143
Multiple-choice tests, 524 Side-impact hazard, 620 Voting, 273, 305, 375
Music downloading, 619 Soap bubble expansion rate, 872–874 War battles, 375
Musical sounds, 1207–1208 Soccer field, 79 Weather prediction, 554–555, 605, 610,
MySpace membership, 1076, 1084 Social Security, 586, 609 619–621
New York City housing costs, 114, Social Security numbers, 525 Web searching, 515
160, 883 Software testing, 705 Wind speeds, 1002
Newton’s Law of Cooling, 1111, 1112 Solar emissions, 1205, 1214, 1223 Wrestling tournaments, 374
Newton’s Law of Heating, 1113 Sorority admissions, 586 YouTube uploads, 1001, 1033, 1043
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Life Sciences Pest control, 633 Hospital staffing, 467
Aging, 662–663, 693 Pet’s velocity while running, 1223 Household income, 1001
Agricultural yields, 450, 464 Plant diseases, 1206, 1223 Humanitarian aid, 1105
Agriculture, 933 Pollen counts, 709 Immigration to Ireland, 767
Air temperature, 775–776 Protein amount consumed during Mars Incarceration rate, 932
Alcohol in bloodstream, 158, 171 missions, 1226 Income gap, 1152
Alien intelligence, 1144 Radioactive decay, 171, 887 Internet addiction, 664
Animal psychology, 560–561 Radium decay, 84 IQ scores, 665, 704–706
Aspirin in bloodstream, 158, 171 Reproductive rate, 859 Juvenile delinquency, 621
Body mass index, 1129–1130 SARS, 159, 770–771, 793, 884 Language acquisition, 62, 756
Carbon dating, 75–76, 84, 170, 883 Sea levels, 812 Law enforcement, 755
Carbon dioxide concentration, Spider bites, 677 Medicare spending, 1086
140–141, 761–762 Steroids testing, 569, 614–615 Medicine, 516
CAT scans, 304–305 Sulfur emissions, 812–815 Murder rate, 872
Climate change, 160 Tumor growth, 1114 Politics, 464, 481, 482, 622
Creatine supplements, 431, 451, 466 Polls, 706
Cricket chirping, 118 Social Sciences Population age, 567, 656, 676
Diet, 273, 488–491 Aging, 662–663, 693 Population density, 1178, 1181
DNA chains, 525–526 Aging population, 172 Population growth, 183, 212, 887,
Drug tests, 612 AIDS epidemic, 223 1068–1069
Ebola, deaths from, 771, 793, 885 Alcohol use, 302 Population movement, 330–331, 346,
Embryo development, 794, 859, 932, Comparing IQ tests, 705 357
944, 946–947, 1044 Computers and income, 967 Population of the United States, 158
Epidemics, 150–151, 176–177, 182, Consumer satisfaction, 1035 Population of the world, 158
880, 886, 947, 1114 Corrections spending, 82 Population studies, 949
Exercise benefits, 622 Crime and preschool, 621 Prison population, 791–792, 932, 1142
Fitness tests, 612, 620 Crime statistics, 622 Public health, 569, 587
Fly population, 158 Development assistance, 1104–1105 Reading acquisition, 793
Food product testing, 665–666 Divorce rates, 968 Retirement age, 664
Food safety, 612–613 Education and crime, 948, 967–968 SAT scores, 704, 706
Forest harvesting, 933, 950 Educational level and income, School and work, 550, 552–553,
Freezing temperature of water, 100 966–967 578–579, 600, 618–619
Frog population, 158 Emigration from Ireland, 768 Shadow costs, 473–474
Greenhouse gases, 653–654 Employment in the 1980s, 621 Social Security, 586, 609
Half-life, 166–167, 171 Estimating student population trends, Speaking acquisition, 793
Iodine dating, 883 1185–1189 Student visitors to the United States
Lobster harvest, 187 Ethnic diversity, 584–585 after 9/11, 1032
Mad cow disease, 666 Fertility and age, 885–886 Toxic waste treatment, 82
Manatee mortality rates, 771, 806, 835 Foreclosures, 331, 345–346 Unemployment, 689–690
Mold culture growth rate, 872 Graduate degrees, 1032 University admissions, 620–621, 639
Mood swings, 1226 Health care spending, 506 Voting, 273, 305
Nutrient diffusion, 1154 Health expenditures, 155, 1001, 1084 Wealth distribution, 692
Nutrition, 271, 272, 356, 415, 430, 465, High school graduates, 1104 Wiretaps authorized in the United
480–481 Hispanic employment, 691 States, 884, 1033, 1044, 1076
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finite mathematics
and applied calculus
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finite mathematics
and applied calculus

seventh edition
stefan Waner
Hofstra University
steven R. costenoble
Hofstra University
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
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