Finite Mathematics and Applied Calculus PDF
Preview Finite Mathematics and Applied Calculus
Index of Applications Business and Economics Company transfers, 594 E-readers, 82, 973 Acquisitions, 1117 Competition, 391–392, 639 Estimating student population trends, Adjustable rate mortgages, 243 Compound interest, 74–75, 213–215, 1185–1189 Advertising costs, 101, 416, 431, 432, 218 Factory location, 372–373 811, 812, 844, 811, 812, 844, 927 Computer codes, 524 Feeding schedules, 308 Agriculture costs, 450, 464 Computer hard drives, 79, 83, 188 Fees, 211, 239 Air bag safety, 611, 622 Computer network traffic, 309 Financial stocks, 416, 432 Aircraft purchases, 294–295, 299 Computer performance testing, 665 Fixed-line telephone subscriptions, 111 Airline costs, 300 Computer usage, 1050 Foreign investments, 1117 Airline empty seat volume predictions, Constant dollars, 217–218, 222 Foreign trade, 735 1227–1231 Construction cost, 1171 Freon production, 158, 160, 792 Airline net income, 101 Consumer Price Index, 957–958 Funding for NASA, 61, 733 Airline profits and the price of oil, 112 Consumers’ surplus, 1087–1088 Future income, 1096 Airline stocks, 735 Continuous compounding, 153–154 Future sales, 1099 Allocation of labor, 925–926, 963–964 Continuous income stream, 1091–1092 Future value, 213–214, 220, 225, Amortization schedule, 232 Corporate bonds, 206 1092–1093 Annuities, 228–231, 1096 Corporate spying, 392 General Electric’s net income, 142, Arts funding, 769 Corporations, 530 143, 834–835 Asset appreciation, 931, 932–933, 950 Cost, 390, 424–426 Gold prices, 675, 829 Australia economy, 387 Cost changes, 897 Health expenditures, 155, 1001, 1084 Auto theft, 612 Cost function, 65–68, 92, 99, 424–426 High-dividend stocks, 416, 432 Automobile lifespan, 684–685 Cost overruns, 872 Highway safety, 658, 666, 677 Average cost, 841–843, 919, 927, 958, Cover charges, 144 Home loans, 421–422 962, 965, 1152, 1163 Crude oil prices, 770, 792, 833, 870 Home mortgages, 231 Average profit, 931 Crude oil production, 60 Home prices, 159, 330, 734 Average revenue, 1177–1178 Customer interests, 499, 501–502 Home sales, 159, 609, 872 Boat sales, 506 Customer online IDs, 543 Hospital staffing, 467 Bond funds, 415 Cyclical employment patterns, 1198 Housing construction expenditures, Bonds, 210, 216–217, 221, 223, 234, Day trading, 539 1050–1054 1096 Debt analysis, 634 Housing costs, 846, 894, 1143 Book sales, 116 Deflation, 1207, 1214 Housing starts, 60, 516, 733, 956, 1014, Bottled water for pets, 1008–1009 Demand, 68–71, 80–82, 84, 99, 111, 1044, 1086, 1206 Bottled water sales, 805–806, 944, 1001, 118, 138–139, 791, 894, 965, 966 Humanitarian aid, 1105 1015, 1031, 1043, 1068, 1086 Dental plans, 82 Hybrid car development, 310–312 Box design, 930, 978–979 Depreciation, 170, 221, 223 Hybrid cars, 563–564, 573–574 Brand loyalty, 1151–1152, 1162 Development assistance, 1104–1105 Hybrid loans, 244–245 Break-even analysis, 79–80, 118 Doubling time, 170–171 Hybrid vehicle sales, 563, 573–574 Bridge loans, 205 Early Internet services, 793 Imports amounts, 100 Broadband connections, 178, 186–187, eBay transactions, 564 Income distribution, 635, 656, 676, 729–730, 785–786 Econometrics, 304 677, 690, 691 Business loans, 239 Economic growth in Mexico, 1014, Income elasticity of demand, 971–972 Business retreats, 309–310 1044 Income taxes, 62 Car dealership data, 503 Education expenditure, 142, 144, 766 Income, 101, 345, 682 Car leasing, 239 Effective interest rate, 218–219, 221 Industrial output, 948 Car loans, 238 Elasticity of demand, 968–972, 975 Inflation, 217–218, 222, 937–938, Car rental locations, 297–298 Electric rates, 735 944–945, 1207, 1214 Cash flows into stock funds, Emission control costs, 846 Initial public offerings (IPOs), 309 1201–1202 Employee IDs, 525 Input-output to meet demand, 387 Cellphone revenue, 887, 930, 1104 Employment figures, 102, 610, 621, Installment loans, 231 Cigarette sales, 1104 634, 691 Insurance schemes, 679, 706 Client databases, 505 Equilibrium price, 69–71, 81–82, 269, Interest-only loans, 244 Company retreats, 1184 273 Internet advertising, 117, 1184 74203_ES3.indd 1 Internet audience, 301 Monorail service, 928 Projected profit, 929 Internet commerce, 686–687, 688 Monthly compounding, 165 Projected revenue, 928, 972 Internet connectivity, 611, 621 Mortgage delinquencies, 102 Projected sales, 1049, 1050 Internet investments, 585 Mortgages, 231, 567, 580, 584, 665, Publishing, 515, 560, 568, 610 Internet stock boom, 665 700–701 Publishing costs, 116 Internet use, 181, 182 Movie advertising in newspapers, 755 Purchasing, 273, 299, 308, 415, 430, Inventory control, 301–302, 330–331, Municipal bond funds, 415 449, 459–462, 464, 466, 481 390, 543, 638–639 Music sales, 464–465, 566–567 Quality control, 666, 699–700 Inverse ETFs (Exchange Traded Mutual funds, 416 Rate of return, 233 Funds), 356 Negative amortization loans, 244 Real estate, 344, 345 Inverse mutual funds, 300–301 Net income, 61, 100, 242, 834–835 Recycling, 451 Investment comparison, 222–223 Nightclub management, 144 Refinancing, 238, 239 Investment growth, 74–75, 84, Normal curve, 1034 Research and development, 883, 931 170–171, 221, 223 Oil consumption, 1034 Resource allocation, 267–268, 271, Investment growth time, 219 Oil expenditures, 965 299, 308, 356, 413–414, 415, Investment percentage return, 223 Oil imports from Mexico, 142, 791, 419–421, 427, 430, 431, Investments, 84, 159, 170, 305, 306, 805, 858, 949 432–433, 444–445, 449–450, 392, 416, 421–422, 432, 452, Oil production in Mexico, 142, 791, 464, 482, 486 486, 884, 1084, 1116, 1117, 1153 766, 767, 791, 805 Resource optimization, 923–925 iPod sales, 50, 145, 1205, 1206 Oil revenues, 965 Retail discounting, 372 Job training by gender, 665 Oil spill, 1017 Retirement account, 226, 235, 236–237 Kenya economy, 384–385 Online auctions, 564, 1031, 1045 Retirement planning, 222, 226, Labor negotiations, 376 Online bookstore revenue, 1142 230–231, 239, 243–245 Layaway fees, 211 Online cosmetics, 709 Returns on investment, 949 Legal costs, 1050 Online payments, 1031, 1044, 1085 Revenue, 96, 143, 158, 187, 330, 334, Linear cost function, 92 Online sales, 708 338, 344–345, 390, 857, 858, Linear demand function, 93 Operating expenses, 100, 112 897, 928–929, 933, 965, 978, Linear regression, 1159 Overdrawn accounts, 467 1014, 1043, 1068, 1095–1096, Loan planning, 451, 452 Package dimensions, 930, 1163, 1171, 1104, 1116–1117, 1162, 1163, Loans, 239, 451–452, 700–701 1172 1171, 1180, 1181, 1226 Long-term investments, 170 Panic sales, 1105 Risk management, 433, 482, 634, 678 Luggage dimensions, 930, 1163 Pasta imports, 1086 Sales, 182, 188, 308–309, 325, 326, 340, Manufacturing, 665, 677 Pensions, 237 372, 464, 639, 896, 897, 899, Marginal cost, 837–838, 846, 860, 995, Per capita gross domestic product, 948, 979–980, 1015, 1044, 1048, 1000, 1036, 1142, 1146–1149, 107–108 1049, 1067, 1085, 1104, 1112, 1151, 1152 Personal bankruptcy, 609 1142–1143, 1214, 1220, 1226 Marginal loss, 845 Petroleum and natural gas, 379–381 Sales acceleration, 935–936 Marginal product, 840–841, 845, 847, Point of diminishing returns, 939 Sales fluctuations, 1206, 1207 860, 865–866 Present value, 216, 220, 221, 228, 1093 Sales growth, 94–95, 881 Marginal profit, 839, 845 Pressure gauge testing, 699 Savings accounts, 205, 213, 215–216, Marginal revenue, 839–840, 845, 846, Price elasticity of demand, 968–970 221, 230, 239, 884, 1080, 1117 871, 872, 1152 Price elasticity of supply, 976 Scheduling, 433, 452–453, 466–467, Market growth, 898–901 Price wars, 374 487 Market index, 770 Price-to-earnings ratio, 897 Scientific research, 181, 182, 733, 945, Marketing, 372, 488, 609, 633, 639, Pricing, 858 946, 1015, 1031, 1045, 1141, 704, 708 Processor speeds, 62, 101, 755 1151 Marketing strategy, 931, 488, 609, 633, Producers’ surplus, 1089–1090 Shipping, 310, 487 639, 704, 708, 931 Product design, 527, 541, 544–545, 596 Silver prices, 676 Market saturation, 1113, 1114 Production costs, 117 Simple interest, 204, 206, 210, 212 Market share, 301, 393–396, 585, 635, Production levels, 838, 842 Simple loans, 210, 211, 239 835, 836, 1142 Production lot size management, Sinking funds, 226 Market surveys, 621 981–983 Spending on paper, 1116 Market volatility, 769 Productivity, 524, 611, 893, 894, Spending on shipping, 1116 Maximum revenue, 922–923 1143, 1169–1170, 1172, 1180, Staff cutbacks, 373 Medicare spending, 1086 1183–1184 Stock dividend yields, 538 Military spending, 859 Profit, 66–67, 80, 112, 118, 330, 345, Stock investments, 211, 223, 242, Minimizing average cost, 919 346, 928, 929, 948, 978, 1030, 305–306, 309, 357, 391, 416, Money stock, 873, 894 1043, 1112, 1171, 1185 486, 810 74203_ES4.indd 2 Stock market, 657, 675, 690 Area maximization, 920–921 Displacement, 1067 Stock market gyrations, 568, 657, 675, Area minimization, 1168–1169 Doctorates in Mexico, 113, 733 690 Astrology software package, 585 Donations to causes, 300 Stock percentage return, 223 Athletics, 516 DVD discs, 524 Stock portfolio management, 452, 678 Auctions on eBay, 564 Eccentricity of Earth’s orbit, 1216 Stock portfolios, 524, 678 Average speed, 1078–1079 Education and employment, 610–611 Stock prices, 187, 188, 242, 516, 538, Aviation crashes, 705 Electric current, 1113, 1197, 1224 560, 650, 1080–1081, 1085 Balloons, 964 Electric grid stress, 693–694 Student intern costs, 1050 Baseball batting averages, 704 Electrostatic repulsion, 1153 Subprime mortgages, 180, 767, 793, Baseball runner speeds, 966 Elevator, descending, 965 794, 886–887, 932, 947, 958, Basketball confidence level, 634 Employment, 634 1001–1002 Betting, 372 Employment value of students, 894, Subsidies, 466 Blending, 268–269, 293 967 Supermarket checkout lanes, 676, 692 Bodybuilding supplements, 430–431, End of the Earth, 770, 957, 965 Supply, 69–70, 300, 965 451, 466 End of Venus, 965 Supply and demand, 273 Building blocks, 527–528 Energy efficiency, 430 Tax fraud, 710–712 Bungee jumping, 117 Engineering and technology graduates, Tax refunds, 208 Calendars, 527 1023 Tax revenue estimations, 1117–1121 Camping, 658, 677 Entertainment, 516 Taxation schemes, 846 Campus food demand, 386 Exams, 521, 673 Television advertising, 144, 806, 1084 Candy, 561 Exposés run by newspaper, 273 Television ratings, 362–363, 705 Car engine cylinders, 527 Facebook membership, 1000, 1033, Time management, 433 Car leasing/renting, 610 1043 Total cost, 298, 1067 Car purchases, 657–658 Faculty salaries, 1128 Total revenue, 1067 Cat on the piano, 594 Falling ladder, 961–962 Total sales, 995–996 Checkout lanes at supermarkets, 676, Feeding schedule for tropical fish, 308 Tow ratings of SUVs, 656 692 Fences, 928, 928 Toxic waste treatment, 82 Cheese production, 345 Fiber optic connections, 114 Transportation scheduling, 310, Chocolates, 561 Fitness tests, 612 452–453, 466–467, 487 Class scheduling, 271 Food items consumed, 273 Treasury bills, 207–209 Coin tosses, 513–514, 572, 602–603, Food vs. education expenditures, 834, Tree plantation management, 931, 950 649–650, 652, 655, 702–703 871 Trust fund, 229–230 College basketball, 182–183, 768–769 Food vs. recreation, 834, 871 T-shirt profit, 143 College degree requirements, 309, 487, Football team ratings, 595 Unemployment figures, 689–690 544 Fuel economy, 846, 858, 871 Utility function, 1143, 1153, 1226 College major switching, 633 Gambling, 585, 631–632 Variable sales, 1105 College tuition, 973, 976, 1095 Games, 359–360, 365–368, 371, Varying cost, 1223 Combination locks, 527, 541 482–483, 521, 534–537, 594, Vehicle sales, 563 Committee selection, 591–593, 596 597–598 Video arcades, 676 Committees, 596 Gamma function, 588 Vidphone revenue, 1104 Comparing IQ tests, 705 Garden fencing, 79 Wealth distribution, 692–693, 704 Computer codes, 524 Gas heating demand, 1212–1213 Website crashes, 1050 Computer programming, 527 Gas mileage of SUVs, 690 Website popularity, 60, 83, 756 Computer programs, 527 Gasoline consumption in the United Website profit, 143 Conical vessel, 967 States, 1026–1027, 1067 Website stability, 116 Credit card numbers, 525 Geometry, 1171, 1172 Website traffic, 116, 186, 308, 1183 Credit card payments, 238 GMAT exam, 594 Zero coupon bonds, 217, 221 Crop choice, 373 Grade complaints, 621 Cylinders, 967 Grade-point averages, 657 General Interest Dairy products consumption, 345 Graduation rate of high schools, 1045 Academic testing, 620 Data encryption, 357 Grant spending rate, 1045 Acceleration due to gravity, 935 Degree requirements, 309, 487, 544 Graph searching, 595–596 Acceleration on Mars, 943 Demand for Freon, 792 Ground speed of airliner, 1002 Acceleration on the Moon, 944 Desserts, 518–519 Guessing on exams, 673 Acidity of solution, 173 Dice rolling, 497–498, 538, 542, 549, Gummy bears, 561 Air travel, 1207 551–552, 557–558, 574–576, Harmonic motion, 1215 Amusement, 515 599, 637, 638, 655, 658, 707 Home prices, 330, 656–657, 734 Area expansion rate, 959–960, 964 Diet, 488–491 Horse races, 561 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 1 12/6/16 10:15 AM Household income, 1001 Nutrition, 271–272, 356, 415, 430, 465, Sound intensity, 173 Housing prices, 656–657 480–481 Soybean production, 112 HTML colors, 526 Odd-number digits, 528 Spam email, 1202–1203 Ice cream, 345, 523 Oil pollution, 872, 1034, 1144 Sports, 595 Income and expenses, 1075 Oil recovery, 111 Sports gear, 82–83 Income brackets of first-year lawyers, Organic produce, 569 Sports injuries, 671–672, 714, 716 674 Padlock code design, 527, 596 Standardized tests, 665 Incomes of lawyers, 674 Pasta imports, 100 State lotteries, 594 Internet connections, 568 Perfume blending, 300 Student admissions, 586 Internet use, 611, 621, 705 Personal bankruptcy, 609 Student pastimes, 690 Intramural sports, 273 Plagiarism among students, 386 Study techniques, 373, 488 Investment lottery, 588–589 Planning for income maximization, 432 Study time, 79, 846 IQ scores, 665, 704–705, 706 Poker, 536, 543, 590–591, 593, 638 Sunspots, 964 Isotherms, 1145 Poker hands, 536–537, 538, 543, Swimming pool area, 1034 Itineraries, 538 590–591, 593 Symmetries of stars, 524–525 Job preferences, 530 Polls, 586, 706 Teenage marketing, 692 Juice blending, 293, 419–421 Pollution control, 927, 928, 1162 Teenage pastimes, 665, 677, Kinetic energy, 1046 Popularity ratings, 689 691–692 Laplace transforms, 1106 Prisoners’ dilemma, 375 Teenage spending, 669 Latin music sales, 299, 464–465, Processor speeds, 62, 101, 755 Telephone numbers, 525 566–567 Product reliability, 610 Television ratings, 362–363, 705 Laundry detergent switching, 624–625 Production function, Cobb-Douglas, Temperature, 1181 Laundry items discarded, 273 892–893 Tenure, 300 Legal argument, 606–607 Protein supplement mixtures, 272 Test scores, 657 License plates, 526 Publishing, 273–274, 515, 560, 568, Tests, 524, 593, 657 Lie detectors, 569, 617–618 610 Textbook adoption, 634 Logistic models, 949 Puddles, 964 Textbook sizes, 100, 112 Lorentz contraction, 794 Pump filling water tank, 1030 Textbook writing, 374 Loss of Odyssia, 957 Purchasing, 273 Theater casting, 528–529 Lotteries, 594 Radar detectors, 524 Theft rates, 171 Lotto, 534–535 Reading lists, 512 Theory of linear programming, 541 Love potion blending, 268 Real estate, 344–345 Tides, 1207, 1214, 1224 Mac versus Windows, 709 Restaurant inspection, 475–477 Tilt of Earth’s axis, 1215–1216 Marbles, 535–536, 537, 588 Restaurant menus, 515 Time dilation, 794 Market surveys, 621 Retirement planning, 222, 236 Tourism, 302, 331, 332, 346 Mazes, 526–527 Reward choices, 524 Tournaments, 525, 539, 594 Mercury imports, 100 Richter scale, 172 Traffic flow, 295–296, 303–304 Meteor impacts, 1105 Rising rocket, 965 Traffic management, 304, 309 Minimalist art, 527 Road safety, 610 Transportation, 297–298, 388 Mobile broadband subscriptions, 111 Roulette, 606, 672, 677 Travel, 610 Monkey at the typewriter, 594 SAT scores, 704, 706 Traveling salesperson, 540 Monty Hall problem, 640–641 SAT scores by income, 733, 734, 756, Unfair coins, 572, 602–603, 661 Morse code, 528 771, 772, 806, 835, 885 University admissions, 620–621, 639 Motion along a graph, 966 School and work survey, 550, 552–553, Variables in VISUAL BASIC, 525 Motion around a circle, 966 578, 600, 618–619 Velocity, 95–96, 100, 781–782, 792, Motion in a straight line, 944, 958, School enrollments, 676 800–801, 805, 834 996–998, 1002, 1015 Scientific research articles, 181–182, Vertical motion under gravity, Motor vehicle safety, 567 733, 945, 946, 1015, 1031, 1045, 998–999, 1002 Movie theaters in malls, 690 1141, 1151 Video arcades, 676, 692 Movie watching time, 79 Scrabble, 521–522 Villains slain by warrior, 300 Movies, 540 Semifinalist selection, 540, 594 Volume, 1143 Multiple-choice tests, 524 Side-impact hazard, 620 Voting, 273, 305, 375 Music downloading, 619 Soap bubble expansion rate, 872–874 War battles, 375 Musical sounds, 1207–1208 Soccer field, 79 Weather prediction, 554–555, 605, 610, MySpace membership, 1076, 1084 Social Security, 586, 609 619–621 New York City housing costs, 114, Social Security numbers, 525 Web searching, 515 160, 883 Software testing, 705 Wind speeds, 1002 Newton’s Law of Cooling, 1111, 1112 Solar emissions, 1205, 1214, 1223 Wrestling tournaments, 374 Newton’s Law of Heating, 1113 Sorority admissions, 586 YouTube uploads, 1001, 1033, 1043 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 2 12/6/16 10:15 AM Life Sciences Pest control, 633 Hospital staffing, 467 Aging, 662–663, 693 Pet’s velocity while running, 1223 Household income, 1001 Agricultural yields, 450, 464 Plant diseases, 1206, 1223 Humanitarian aid, 1105 Agriculture, 933 Pollen counts, 709 Immigration to Ireland, 767 Air temperature, 775–776 Protein amount consumed during Mars Incarceration rate, 932 Alcohol in bloodstream, 158, 171 missions, 1226 Income gap, 1152 Alien intelligence, 1144 Radioactive decay, 171, 887 Internet addiction, 664 Animal psychology, 560–561 Radium decay, 84 IQ scores, 665, 704–706 Aspirin in bloodstream, 158, 171 Reproductive rate, 859 Juvenile delinquency, 621 Body mass index, 1129–1130 SARS, 159, 770–771, 793, 884 Language acquisition, 62, 756 Carbon dating, 75–76, 84, 170, 883 Sea levels, 812 Law enforcement, 755 Carbon dioxide concentration, Spider bites, 677 Medicare spending, 1086 140–141, 761–762 Steroids testing, 569, 614–615 Medicine, 516 CAT scans, 304–305 Sulfur emissions, 812–815 Murder rate, 872 Climate change, 160 Tumor growth, 1114 Politics, 464, 481, 482, 622 Creatine supplements, 431, 451, 466 Polls, 706 Cricket chirping, 118 Social Sciences Population age, 567, 656, 676 Diet, 273, 488–491 Aging, 662–663, 693 Population density, 1178, 1181 DNA chains, 525–526 Aging population, 172 Population growth, 183, 212, 887, Drug tests, 612 AIDS epidemic, 223 1068–1069 Ebola, deaths from, 771, 793, 885 Alcohol use, 302 Population movement, 330–331, 346, Embryo development, 794, 859, 932, Comparing IQ tests, 705 357 944, 946–947, 1044 Computers and income, 967 Population of the United States, 158 Epidemics, 150–151, 176–177, 182, Consumer satisfaction, 1035 Population of the world, 158 880, 886, 947, 1114 Corrections spending, 82 Population studies, 949 Exercise benefits, 622 Crime and preschool, 621 Prison population, 791–792, 932, 1142 Fitness tests, 612, 620 Crime statistics, 622 Public health, 569, 587 Fly population, 158 Development assistance, 1104–1105 Reading acquisition, 793 Food product testing, 665–666 Divorce rates, 968 Retirement age, 664 Food safety, 612–613 Education and crime, 948, 967–968 SAT scores, 704, 706 Forest harvesting, 933, 950 Educational level and income, School and work, 550, 552–553, Freezing temperature of water, 100 966–967 578–579, 600, 618–619 Frog population, 158 Emigration from Ireland, 768 Shadow costs, 473–474 Greenhouse gases, 653–654 Employment in the 1980s, 621 Social Security, 586, 609 Half-life, 166–167, 171 Estimating student population trends, Speaking acquisition, 793 Iodine dating, 883 1185–1189 Student visitors to the United States Lobster harvest, 187 Ethnic diversity, 584–585 after 9/11, 1032 Mad cow disease, 666 Fertility and age, 885–886 Toxic waste treatment, 82 Manatee mortality rates, 771, 806, 835 Foreclosures, 331, 345–346 Unemployment, 689–690 Mold culture growth rate, 872 Graduate degrees, 1032 University admissions, 620–621, 639 Mood swings, 1226 Health care spending, 506 Voting, 273, 305 Nutrient diffusion, 1154 Health expenditures, 155, 1001, 1084 Wealth distribution, 692 Nutrition, 271, 272, 356, 415, 430, 465, High school graduates, 1104 Wiretaps authorized in the United 480–481 Hispanic employment, 691 States, 884, 1033, 1044, 1076 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 3 12/6/16 10:15 AM 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 4 12/6/16 10:15 AM finite mathematics and applied calculus 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 5 12/6/16 10:15 AM 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 6 12/6/16 10:15 AM finite mathematics and applied calculus seventh edition stefan Waner Hofstra University steven R. costenoble Hofstra University Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States 74203_FM_i-xxviii.indd 7 12/6/16 10:15 AM
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