Fingerprint analysis laboratory workbook

132 Pages·2014·7.191 MB·English

by  Hillary Moses Daluz

FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE
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FINGERPRINT I
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ANALYSIS
Laboratory Workbook R
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Fingerprint analysis may be performed as part of many jobs, including crime scene technician, N
latent print examiner, criminalist, latent print technician, forensic specialist, and forensic scientist. T
Regardless of one’s specific discipline, a background knowledge of scientific practices in handling and
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analyzing fingerprint evidence is critical for success. The best way to comprehend the principles and
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concepts of any science learned in a classroom is to perform experiments.
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The exercises in Fingerprint Analysis Laboratory Workbook address all aspects of fingerprint theory,
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investigation, processing, comparisons, and research. Designed specifically to parallel the Fundamentals S
of Fingerprint Analysis textbook, the laboratory exercises correspond with the textbook chapters, I
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with each exercise in the lab chapter putting into practice the concepts covered in the text chapter.

Each lab follows the same format, starting with the objectives of the experiment and background L
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information needed before performing the experiment. This is followed by a list of required materials,
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the lab exercises, and post-lab questions for students to test their assimilation of what they’ve learned. o
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Many of the laboratory exercises may be completed either at home or in a laboratory setting.
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Exercises and photographs enhance the text, making it an ideal hands-on learning tool.
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K20858
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FINGERPRINT
ANALYSIS
Laboratory Workbook

FINGERPRINT
ANALYSIS
Laboratory Workbook
Hillary Moses Daluz
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Version Date: 20140918
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Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................xi
Lab 1. Introduction: Class and Individual Characteristics .............................................1
Objectives .......................................................................................................................................................1
Background ....................................................................................................................................................1
Materials ........................................................................................................................................................3
Exercises ........................................................................................................................................................4
Part I: Class and Individual Characteristics ............................................................................................4
Part II: Individualizing Characteristics—Fingerprint Minutiae ..............................................................4
Post- Lab Questions ........................................................................................................................................6
Lab 2. History: Historical Figures and Anthropometry .................................................7
Objectives .......................................................................................................................................................7
Background ....................................................................................................................................................7
Materials ........................................................................................................................................................7
Exercise ..........................................................................................................................................................8
Anthropometry—Bertillonage Cards ......................................................................................................8
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................10
Lab 3. Physiology and Embryology ...........................................................................11
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................11
Background ..................................................................................................................................................11
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................11
Exercise ........................................................................................................................................................12
Embryological Development of Friction Ridges ....................................................................................12
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................13
Lab 4. Fingerprint Patterns and Classification ............................................................15
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................15
Background ..................................................................................................................................................15
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................16
v
vi Contents
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................16
Part I: Fingerprint Patterns ....................................................................................................................16
Part II: Primary Henry Classification ....................................................................................................16
Part III: NCIC Classification .................................................................................................................16
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................22
Lab 5. Known Fingerprints .......................................................................................23
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................23
Background ..................................................................................................................................................23
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................24
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................24
Part I: Inked Exemplars .........................................................................................................................24
Part II: Powdered Exemplars .................................................................................................................26
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................27
Lab 6. The Nature of Latent Fingerprints ..................................................................29
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................29
Background ..................................................................................................................................................29
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................29
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................30
Part I: The Structure of a Latent Fingerprint .........................................................................................30
Part II: Latent Fingerprint Minutiae ......................................................................................................31
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................32
Lab 7. Biometrics: Livescan and AFIS ......................................................................33
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................33
Background ..................................................................................................................................................33
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................35
Exercise ........................................................................................................................................................35
Feature Extraction—What Does the Computer See? ............................................................................35
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................37
Lab 8. Introduction to Processing Methods ...............................................................39
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................39
Background ..................................................................................................................................................39
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................40
Exercise ........................................................................................................................................................40
Persistence of Latent Prints ...................................................................................................................40
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................42
Lab 9. Forensic Light Sources ..................................................................................43
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................43
Background ..................................................................................................................................................43
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................43
Contents vii
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................45
Part I: Fluorescent Fingerprint Powder ..................................................................................................45
Part II: Observing Fluorescence ............................................................................................................45
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................45
Lab 10. Physical Processing Methods ..........................................................................47
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................47
Background ..................................................................................................................................................47
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................48
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................49
Part I: Black and Bichromatic Fingerprint Powders ..............................................................................49
Part II: Magnetic Fingerprint Powder and Casting Material .................................................................49
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................51
Lab 11. Chemical Processing Methods: Porous Substrates .......................................... 53
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................53
Background ..................................................................................................................................................53
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................56
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................57
Part I: 1,2-Indanedione ..........................................................................................................................57
Zinc Chloride Stock Solution ..........................................................................................................57
Indanedione Working Solution .......................................................................................................57
Part II: DFO ...........................................................................................................................................57
DFO Stock Solution ........................................................................................................................57
DFO Working Solution ...................................................................................................................57
Part III: Ninhydrin .................................................................................................................................58
Ninhydrin Working Solution ...........................................................................................................58
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................58
Lab 12. Chemical Processing Methods: Nonporous Substrates ....................................59
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................59
Background ..................................................................................................................................................59
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................60
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................62
Part I: Cyanoacrylate Fuming ...............................................................................................................62
Part II: Dye Staining ..............................................................................................................................63
Rhodamine 6G Working Solution ...................................................................................................63
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................64
Lab 13. Chemical Processing Methods: Other Substrates and Matrices .......................65
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................65
Background ..................................................................................................................................................65
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................67
viii Contents
Materials and Methods .................................................................................................................................69
Part I: Oily Fingerprints ........................................................................................................................69
Sudan Black (Solvent Black 3) Working Solution ...........................................................................69
Part II: Bloody Fingerprints on Dark Nonporous Surfaces ...................................................................69
Fixing Solution (for Part II and Part III) .........................................................................................69
Acid Yellow 7 Working Solution ....................................................................................................69
De-s taining solution ........................................................................................................................69
Part III: Bloody Fingerprints on Light Nonporous Surfaces .................................................................70
Fixing Solution (from Part II) .........................................................................................................70
Amido Black Working Solution ......................................................................................................70
De-s taining Solution .......................................................................................................................70
Part IV: Fingerprints on Adhesive Surfaces ..........................................................................................70
Black Powder Suspension (or black WetWop) .................................................................................70
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................71
Lab 14. Documentation .............................................................................................. 73
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................73
Background ..................................................................................................................................................73
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................76
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................76
Part I: Documentation of Evidence........................................................................................................76
Part II: Documentation of Fingerprints .................................................................................................77
Part III: Final Report .............................................................................................................................77
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................77
Lab 15. Crime Scene Processing ................................................................................79
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................79
Background ..................................................................................................................................................79
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................81
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................81
Part I: Vehicle Scene ..............................................................................................................................81
Part II: Residential Burglary—Point of Entry .......................................................................................81
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................82
Lab 16. Fingerprint Comparisons ...............................................................................83
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................83
Background ..................................................................................................................................................83
Materials ......................................................................................................................................................85
Exercises ......................................................................................................................................................94
Part I: Fingerprint Matching ..................................................................................................................94
Part II: Fingerprint Grid ........................................................................................................................94
Part III: Fingerprint Comparisons .........................................................................................................94
Post- Lab Questions ......................................................................................................................................94