Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology (Routledge Key Guides)

528 Pages·2008·2.8 MB·English

by  Ellis Cashmore

SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
Praise for the first edition:
‘‘Theexplorationoftheconceptsisconcise;thewritingstyleisengaging
and easily understandable without being patronising or simplistic ... a
useful reference tool, a quick and user-friendly resource to be used to
inform discussion, or [as] a source of illumination.’’
Higher Education Academy Psychology Network
Now including exercise psychology terms for the first time in its new
edition, Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Key Concepts offers a highly
accessible introduction to this fascinating subject, its central theories and
state-of-the-art research. Over 300 alphabetically ordered entries cover
such diverse terms as:
(cid:1) adherence
(cid:1) aggression
(cid:1) emotion
(cid:1) exercise dependence
(cid:1) home advantage
(cid:1) kinesiophobia
(cid:1) left-handedness
(cid:1) motivation
(cid:1) retirement
(cid:1) self-confidence.
Cross-referenced, with suggestions for further reading and a full index,
thisKeyGuidecontainsinvaluableadviceonthepsychologyof sport and
exercise. A comprehensive A–Z guide to a fast-moving fieldofinquiry,
thisbookisanessentialresourceforscholars,coaches, trainers,journalists,
competitors,exercisers—infact,anyoneassociatedwithsportandexercise.
Ellis Cashmore is Professor of Culture, Media and Sport at Stafford-
shire University, UK, and author of Making Sense of Sports as well as
biographies, such as Beckham and Tyson: Nurture of the Beast.
ALSO AVAILABLE FROM ROUTLEDGE
Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology
Noel Sheehy
978-0-415-16775-8
Psycholinguistics: The Key Concepts
John Field
978-0-415-25891-3
SPORT AND EXERCISE
PSYCHOLOGY
The Key Concepts
Second Edition
Ellis Cashmore
Firstpublished2002
Thiseditionpublished2008
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
270MadisonAve,NewYork,NY10016
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
#2002,2008EllisCashmore
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorusedinany
formorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,
includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,
withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Cashmore,Ernest.
Sport&exercisepsychology:thekeyconcepts/EllisCashmore.
p.cm.—(Keyguides)
Rev.ed.of:Sportpsychology.2002.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Sports—Psychologicalaspects—Encyclopedias.2.Exercise—
Psychologicalaspects—Encyclopedias.I.Cashmore,Ernest.Sport
psychology.II.Title.III.Title:Sportandexercisepsychology.
GV706.4.C392008
796.0103—dc22
2007044039
ISBN 0-203-92809-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10:0-415-43865-9(hbk)
ISBN10:0-415-43866-7(pbk)
ISBN10:0-203-92809-1(ebk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-43865-0(hbk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-43866-7(pbk)
ISBN13:978-0-203-92809-7(ebk)
CONTENTS
List of Key Concepts vi
Introduction x
KEY CONCEPTS 1
Index 489
v
LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS
ability Bem sex role inventory
achievement goal theory binocular rivalry
achievement motive biofeedback
action control body dissatisfaction
adherence body image
adrenaline rush body language
aerobic/anaerobic body mass index
affect body shame
aggression brainwaves
aggressiveness bulimia nervosa
aging burnout
alcoholism catastrophe theory
androgyny catharsis
anger cause
anger management celebrities
anorexia athletica centering
anorexia nervosa character
ANOVA choke
anxiety coach–athlete relationship
applied sport psychology cognition
approach cognitive-behavioralmodification
arousal cognitive evaluation theory
assertiveness cognitive load theory (CLT)
athletic identity cognitive-motivational-relational
attention cohesion
attribution comeback
autogenic commitment
automaticity competition
autonomic nervous system composure
(ANS) concentration
autotelic concept
avoidance concordance
vi
LISTOFKEYCONCEPTS
confidence eye movement
construct fans
context fear
control fear of failure
coping strategies fear of success
correlation feedback
covariation principle fitness
culture flow
death wish focus
decision-making gambling
defensive attribution gating
deliberate practice gender
dependence gender verification
depression giftedness
depth perception goal
deviance goal orientation
discipline goal setting
doping group dynamics
drive halo effect
dropouts Hawthorne effect, the
drugs hedonic tone
dysphoria heuristics
eating disorders home advantage
egocentrism hooliganism
electroencephalogram hope
emotion hypnosis
emotional control iceberg profile
emotional intelligence identification
emotional tone identified regulation
endorphins identity
equality idiographic
ethics imagery
eustress impostor phenomenon
executive control incentive
exercise behavior individual zones of optimal
exercise dependence functioning (IZOF)
exercise identity information processing
exercise motivation injury
expectancy instinct
expertise integrated regulation
extreme sports intelligence
extrinsic motivation intensity
vii
LISTOFKEYCONCEPTS
internalization nomothetic
interpersonal relationship obedience
intervention obesity
intrinsic motivation obsessive-compulsive
introjection outperformance
inventory overlearning
inverted-U overreaching
kinesiophobia overtraining syndrome
kinesthesia pain
knowledge of results paralysis by analysis
leadership parameters
learned helplessness parasocial interaction
left-handedness participation motivation
life course peak performance
locus of control peer leadership
luck perception
MANOVA perfectionism
mastery performance enhancement
mastery climate peripheral nervous system
meditation personality
memory personality assessment
mental health model personality disorder
mental practice phenomenon
mental toughness physical self-perceptions
mentality physical self-worth
meta-analysis positive affect
metacognition practice
metamotivation pregnancy
mimesis Premack principle
mind attribution preperformance routines
model profile of mood states (POMS)
modeling profiling
momentum proprioception
mood psyching
moral atmosphere psychological skills inventories
motivation psychological skills training
motivational climate psychopathology
motor reaction race
muscle dysmorphia reaction time
negativity reciprocity
nervous system rehabilitation
nervousness reinforcement
viii
LISTOFKEYCONCEPTS
relational slump
relationship social facilitation
relaxation social loafing
religion social physique anxiety
REM socialization
response sociotropy
retirement stereotype
reversal theory stereotype threat
reward stimulus
Ringelmann effect, the streaks
risk stress
rivalry stress-inoculation training
role model stress-management training
sandbagging superstitious behavior
schema talent
self task/ego orientation
self-actualization team player
self-awareness telic dominance
self-concept temperament
self-confidence theory
self-determination theory theory of planned behavior
self-efficacy therapy
self-enhancement transactional leadership
self-esteem transformational leadership
self-fulfilling prophecy transgendered
self-handicapping transsexual
self-protection transtheoretical model
self-rating 2 (cid:2) 2 achievement goal
self-regulation framework
self-serving bias Type A
self-talk vicarious agency
sensation-seeking violence
sex visual perception
sex test visuomotor
sex typing weight control
sibling rivalry well-being
skill Yerkes-Dodson law
skill acquisition yips
skill execution yoga
sleep zone
ix