Feminisms, HIV and AIDS: Subverting Power, Reducing Vulnerability PDF
Preview Feminisms, HIV and AIDS: Subverting Power, Reducing Vulnerability
Feminisms, HIV and AIDS This page intentionally left blank Feminisms, HIV and AIDS Subverting Power, Reducing Vulnerability Vicci Tallis © Vicci Tallis 2012 Foreword © Vasu Reddy 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-34880-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-34583-0 ISBN 978-1-137-00579-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137005793 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 To my mother Jackie (1937–98) for her gentleness, unconditional love and support and for women living with HIV and AIDS globally A luta continua This page intentionally left blank Contents Figures and Tables ix Foreword x Acknowledgements xii Abbreviations and Acronyms xiii Introduction 1 Process and power 3 What this book is about 7 Organization of the book 9 Part I 1 Making the Case: Why a Feminist Response is Necessary 17 The three epidemics: HIV, AIDS and stigma 17 The impact of HIV and AIDS on women 21 Understanding vulnerability 25 2 Theories of Power: Feminisms in Action 44 The ‘problem’ of gender 44 Understanding power 49 Using feminist theory: power as an explanation for vulnerability 52 Feminisms as resistance 56 Part II 3 Power Over? The Influence of Donors 65 The funding terrain for women, HIV and AIDS in southern Africa 67 Defining the role of donors 74 4 Power With: Mobilizing Around Identity and Issue 84 Social movements, women’s movements 85 Women’s involvement in HIV and AIDS 87 Case study: organizing around identity; women living with HIV and AIDS 88 Mobilizing around identity 89 Solidarity: fighting for sexual and reproductive rights 100 vii viii Contents Case study: mobilizing around an issue; global action for microbicides 105 What is a microbicide? 108 The politics of microbicide research 109 Microbicide activism: different role players, different agendas? 112 Microbicide activism at a local level 116 5 Power To: Multiple Vulnerabilities, Trafficking, HIV & AIDS in South Asia 119 Understanding trafficking 120 HIV and AIDS in South Asia 125 Understanding the realities of women’s and girls’ lives in South Asia 127 Trafficking, HIV and AIDS: power as problem 133 Current responses to trafficking 136 6 Power Within: Lesbian Sexuality in the Jacob Zuma Rape Trial 145 Locating the trial: politics, sexual violence and gender in South Africa 146 Lesbian identity and experience in p ost- apartheid South Africa 149 The Trial 155 The Judgment 166 Outside the courtroom: understanding ‘power with’ 169 7 Power To: Local Action 172 Context of women and AIDS in South Africa 173 Case study: Gender AIDS Forum (GAF) 177 Addressing power 180 Women in Leadership: the GAF empowerment programme 181 Part III 8 Power as Solution 193 The impact of addressing power to effect change 200 Putting the theory into practice 203 Bibliography 205 Index 217 Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Vulnerability model 28 2.1 Linking power and vulnerability 55 3.1 Breakdown of donor funding per category 68 5.1 Responding to HIV and AIDS and trafficking 137 5.2 Factors leading to vulnerability to trafficking 142 8.1 Power as problem, power as solution 195 8.2 Power as solution 201 Tables 1.1 Gender Inequality Index: comparison of countries 35 3.1 Current ODA funding in US$ 70 3.2 GFATM grants to selected countries in southern Africa in US$ 71 ix
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