FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CONTINUOUS FOR LIVE LOAD STEEL BRIDGES By DANIEL ENRIQUE ...

273 Pages·2006·7.64 MB·English

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CONTINUOUS FOR LIVE
LOAD STEEL BRIDGES

By
DANIEL ENRIQUE MORALES
Bachelor of Science
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
2004

Submitted to the Faculty of the
Graduate College of
Oklahoma State University
in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for
the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
December, 2006
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CONTINUOUS FOR LIVE
LOAD STEEL BRIDGES

Thesis Approved:

_______________Dr. Charles M. Bowen______________
Thesis Adviser

________________Dr. Robert Emerson_______________

_________________Dr. Steven Gipson________________

________________Dr. A. Gordon Emslie______________
Dean of the Graduate College

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the Oklahoma Transportation Center for funding the
research project.
Dr. Bowen has been a great adviser throughout the project. Thank you for
helping me to look at things like a good engineer would. I’d also like to thank the entire
faculty and staff of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Oklahoma
State. You all have made my academic years a very rewarding experience.
All of the friends I have met or worked with at Oklahoma State have also helped
to enrich my college years. If it was either studying for a mid-term together or just
talking about life issues; I had a friend. There are too many of you to count, but I am still
grateful to all of you.
I am grateful for my family. Thanks Dad for encouraging me to stick with the
structural side of Civil Engineering. Thanks Mom and Jon for listening to me talk about
the many trials and tribulations of being a student and telling me to keep going. Thank
you to my entire family for all of your love and support throughout the years.
Thanks Kat. You know that I wouldn’t have been able to do this without you.
You are my true love always and forever.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

1.1 BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................1

1.2 BASIC CONCEPTS BEHIND CLL..................................................................3

1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE...........................................................8

II: LITERATURE REVIEW AND SURVEY...............................................................10

2.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................10

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................10

2.3 DOT SURVEY ................................................................................................16

III: CONTINUITY DETAIL ..........................................................................................18

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................18

3.2 CONTINUITY DETAIL .................................................................................18

3.3 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY...........................................................................18
3.3.1 Cost Savings......................................................................................18
3.3.2 Time Savings ....................................................................................31

3.4 SUMMARY.....................................................................................................33

IV: LAS CRUCES CASE STUDY .................................................................................35
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CHAPTER PAGE

4.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................35

4.2 BRIDGE DESCRIPTION................................................................................35

4.3 LAS CRUCES LOAD TEST...........................................................................38
4.3.1 Truck and Strain Gages.....................................................................39
4.3.2 Instrumentation Plan .........................................................................42
4.3.3 Load Test ..........................................................................................44
4.3.4 Test Results.......................................................................................47

4.4 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ....................................................................54
4.4.1 Model Description ............................................................................54
4.4.2 Loading .............................................................................................57
4.4.3 Finite Element Analysis Results .......................................................58

4.5 SUMMARY.....................................................................................................61

V: HATCH CASE STUDY .............................................................................................63

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................63

5.2 BRIDGE DESCRIPTION................................................................................63

5.3 HATCH LOAD TEST .....................................................................................67
5.3.1 Instrumentation Plan .........................................................................67
5.3.2 Load Test ..........................................................................................69
5.3.3 Test Results.......................................................................................69

5.4 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ....................................................................76
5.4.1 Model Description ............................................................................77
5.4.2 Loading .............................................................................................77
5.4.3 Finite Element Analysis Results .......................................................78

5.5 SUMMARY.....................................................................................................81

VI: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................83

6.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT SCOPE...............................................................83

6.2 PROJECT RESULTS ......................................................................................84
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CHAPTER PAGE

6.3 CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................86

REFERENCES.................................................................................................................87

APPENDIX A – LAS CRUCES TEST STRESS PLOTS ............................................89

APPENDIX B – HATCH TEST STRESS PLOTS .....................................................178

APPENDIX C – STEEL BRIDGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
QUESTIONNAIRE..........................................................................257

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1.1 Advances in Steel Bridge Design ..................................................................................2
3.1 Las Cruces Bridge Bid Information.............................................................................28
3.2 Cost Comparisons of Tennessee CLL Bridges ............................................................30
4.1 STAAD & Field Results (Las Cruces Bridge).............................................................59
5.1 STAAD & Field Results (Hatch Bridge) .....................................................................79

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1.1: Bolted Steel Splice....................................................................................................... 3
1.2: Traditional Bolted Steel Splicing................................................................................. 4
1.3: Traditional Continuous Steel Bridge ........................................................................... 4
1.4: Simply Supported Steel Bridge.................................................................................... 5
1.5: CLL Detail @ Pier ....................................................................................................... 5
1.6: CLL Basic Concepts .....................................................................................................7
2.1: View of Integral Abutment ........................................................................................ 11
2.2: Detail of CLL Connection @ DuPont Access Road New Johnsonville, Tennessee
(Talbot 2005) ............................................................................................................ 13
3.1: Original Continuity Detail ..........................................................................................19
3.2: Alternative to Original Continuity Detail ...................................................................21
3.3: Continuity Detail of PIC-22 Bridge........................................................................... 22
3.4: Continuity Detail of State Route 35 Bridge in Maryville Tennessee (Wesserman
2004) ......................................................................................................................... 23
3.5: DuPont Access Road Bridge in New Johnsonville Tennessee (Wesserman 2004)... 24
3.6: Las Cruces Bridge Continuity Detail (Wade 2000)................................................... 25
3.7: Las Cruces Bridge Continuity Plate Detail (Wade 2000).......................................... 26
3.8: Hatch Bridge Continuity Detail ..................................................................................26
4.1: Las Cruces Bridge...................................................................................................... 36
4.2: Cross Sectional View of Girders ............................................................................... 36
4.3: Steel Cross Section .................................................................................................... 37
4.4: Bearing Detail @ Pier................................................................................................ 38
4.5: Dump Truck............................................................................................................... 40
4.6: Axle Weights ............................................................................................................. 40
4.7: BDI STS-II Data Retrieval System............................................................................ 41
4.8: Installed Strain Gages ................................................................................................ 42
4.9: Instrumentation Plan .................................................................................................. 44
4.10: Loading Paths .......................................................................................................... 45
4.11: BDI Auto Clicker..................................................................................................... 46
4.12: Sample Plot Run 3 S8 @ Midspan .......................................................................... 47
4.13: First Trial Run 2 S8 @ Midspan.............................................................................. 48
4.14: Second Trial Run 2 S8 @ Midspan ......................................................................... 49
4.15: Figure 4.15: Unusual Test Results Diagram Las Cruces Bridge Test ......................50

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FIGURE PAGE

4.16: Influence Lines of Moment...................................................................................... 51
4.17: Stress Plot @ Midspan Location w/ Influence Line ................................................ 52
4.18: Stress Plot @ Support Location w/ Influence Line ................................................. 53
4.19: Composite Beam Model (Dang 2006) ..................................................................... 55
4.20: Appearance of Negative Flexure for S4 @ 2 ft from abutment............................... 56
4.21: Abutment Detail (Dang 2006) ................................................................................. 57
4.22: Las Cruces Load Locations...................................................................................... 58
4.23: Las Cruces Load Test Results vs. FEA Results of Bottom Flange Stresses of S1 &
S5 (Model 1) ............................................................................................................. 60
4.24: Las Cruces Load Test Results vs. FEA Results of Bottom Flange Stresses of S1 &
S5 (Model 2) ............................................................................................................. 60
5.1: Hatch Bridge .............................................................................................................. 64
5.2: Cross Section View of Bridge ................................................................................... 64
5.3: Steel Cross Section .................................................................................................... 65
5.4: Hatch Bridge Continuity Detail ................................................................................. 66
5.5: Top View of Slotted Bolt Holes ................................................................................ 66
5.6: Instrumentation Plan of Hatch Bridge ....................................................................... 68
5.7: Loading Paths ............................................................................................................ 70
5.8: First Trial Run 1 S8 @ Support ................................................................................. 71
5.9: Second Trial Run 1 S8 @ Support............................................................................. 71
5.10: Unusual Test Results Diagram Hatch Bridge Test ...................................................73
5.11: Influence Lines of Moment.......................................................................................74
5.12: Stress Plot @ Midspan Location w/ Influence Line ................................................ 75
5.13: Stress Plot @ Support Location w/ Influence Line ................................................. 76
5.14: Hatch Loading Locations......................................................................................... 78
5.15: Hatch Load Test Results vs. FEA Results of Bottom Flange Stresses of S4, S8, &
S12 (Model 1) ........................................................................................................... 80
5.16: Hatch Load Test Results vs. FEA Results of Bottom Flange Stresses of S4, S8, &
S12 (Model 2) ........................................................................................................... 80

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NOMENCLATURE

CLL Continuous for Live Load

DOT Department of Transportation

BDI Bridge Diagnostics Inc.

STS Structural Testing System

LRFD Load Resistance Factor Design

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

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