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FEAR, WONDER, SCIENCE AND NEW AGE IN THE REPRODUCTIVE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Scott Gilbert and Clara Pinto-Correia FOREWORD BY DONNA HARAWAY FEAR, WONDER, AND SCIENCE IN THE NEW AGE OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY SCOTT GILBERT AND CLARA PINTO-CORREIA FEAR, WONDER, AND SCIENCE IN THE NEW AGE OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY FOREWORD BY DONNA HARAWAY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2017 Scott Gilbert and Clara Pinto-Correia All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gilbert, Scott F., 1949– author. | Correia, Clara Pinto, author. Title: Fear, wonder, and science in the new age of reproductive biotechnology / Scott Gilbert and Clara Pinto-Correia ; foreword by Donna Haraway. Description: New York : Columbia University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017000477 | ISBN 9780231170949 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780231544580 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Human reproductive technology. | Human genetics. | Biotechnology. Classification: LCC RG133.5 .G557 2017 | DDC 618.1/7806—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017000477 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America Cover design: Milenda Nan Ok Lee Cover image: © Daniel Clowes. Courtesy of Fantagraphics CONTENTS Foreword by Donna Haraway ix Preface xv Acknowledgments xix PART I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STORY 1. CONCEPTUAL DETOX: RETURNING TO HOGWARTS TO LEARN HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY 3 SCOTT GILBERT 2. STORIES OF INFERTILITY AND ITS CONQUEST: THE SISTERHOOD OF BLOODY MARY 19 - CLARA PINTO CORREIA PART II. FERTILIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS 3. FERTILIZATION: TWO CELLS AT THE VERGE OF DEATH COOPERATE TO FORM A NEW BODY THAT LASTS DECADES 35 SCOTT GILBERT VI CONTENTS 4. FERTILITY RITES: ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION— THEIR HOPES AND THEIR FEARS 61 - CLARA PINTO CORREIA PART III. THE MOTHER AND HER FETUS 5. NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE: WHY SCIENTISTS ARE BEING ASKED THEOLOGICAL QUESTIONS AND WHY THEOLOGIANS ARE BEING ASKED SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS 83 SCOTT GILBERT 6. TECHNOLOGICAL MOTHERHOOD 107 - CLARA PINTO CORREIA PART IV. IMPROVING THE HUMAN CONDITION THROUGH BIOLOGY: THE REALITY AND THE FANTASY 7. CLONING ANIMALS, CELLS, AND GENES: WHERE DID CLONING COME FROM, AND WHERE IS IT GOING TO RIGHT NOW? 129 SCOTT GILBERT 8. GLORY DAYS: MY PERSONAL ACCOUNT OF CLONING 151 - CLARA PINTO CORREIA CONTENTS VII PART V. EPILOGUES 9. INFERTILITY WARS: HOW LIFE FEELS AFTER EVERYTHING FAILS, AND, BY THE WAY, HOW DO WE SURVIVE IT? 175 - CLARA PINTO CORREIA 10. THE HUMAN CONDITION OF FEAR AND WONDER: IN CELEBRATION OF BODIES 195 SCOTT GILBERT Appendix: A Field Guide to Assisted Reproductive Technologies 207 Glossary 221 Notes 235 References 243 Index 263 FOREWORD Making Babies, Making Kin DONNA HARAWAY T his book in my hands, Fear, Wonder, and Science in the New Age of Reproductive Technology, like a human being, is itself fearfully and wonderfully made. Scott Gilbert and Clara Pinto-Correia come to readers as whole persons in this unusual and much-needed book. Their thinking, feeling, experiences, fears, curiosities, and hopes infuse these pages. Both developmental biologists, the authors engage a risky collabo- ration to present to ordinary people several stories that are usually kept rigidly separate. These accounts include (1) the rich story of how a human baby is made from the adventures of egg and sperm and the musical score of tissues and molecules to result in the emergence of a squirming infant from the body of a woman; (2) the nonlinear pathways in the history of developmental biology that bring us to our present scientific understandings and scientific narratives; (3) an account of technological, medical, and social strands that have been woven together in practices of biotech- nologically assisted reproduction; (4) a respectful but pointed discussion of both the diversity of scientists’ understandings of when human person- hood may be said to emerge, and also of major world religions’ diverse beliefs about when human life might be thought to begin; and (5) real- life stories of intense suffering, not only from involuntary infertility, but even more both from the pressure of enforced silence about one’s infertility and from the misleading promises of a technical fix to a profound human experience. Each part of this rich tapestry of stories is woven in an acute consciousness of complex social, personal, and technical his- tories. Each part requires—as well as nurtures—emotional, intellectual,