farm profitability, resource use efficiency and production constraints of chilli under different

79 Pages·2017·0.75 MB·English

by  Akash Dubey

FARM PROFITABILITY, RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY
AND PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS OF CHILLI UNDER
DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF FARM IN DHAR
DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH

THESIS

Submitted to the

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya
( In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of )

MASTER OF SCIENCE
In
AGRICULTURE

(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT)

By

Gourav Malviya

Department of Agricultural Economics & Farm Management
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior
R.A.K.College of Agriculture
Sehore (M.P.)
2016
CERTIFICATE-I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “FARM PROFITABILITY,
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS OF CHILLI
UNDER DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF FARM IN DHAR DISTRICT
OF MADHYA PRADESH” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE/DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Agriculture
Economics & Farm Management of Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa
Vidyalaya, Gwalior is a record of the bona-side research work carried out by
Mr.Gourav Malviya under my guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis
has been approved by the student‟s Advisory Committee and the Director of
Instruction.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma or
has been published. All the assistance and help received during the course of this
investigation has been acknowledged by scholar.

Signature
Place:
Date: ( Dr. S.N.Soni )
Chairman of the Advisory Committee
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. S.N.Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr.P.S.Raghuwanshi ………………………...

(Member) Dr. (Smt)S.B.Tambi ………………………...
CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that thesis entitled “FARM PROFITABILITY, RESOURCE
USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS OF CHILLI UNDER
DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF FARM IN DHAR DISTRICT OF
MADHYA PRADESH” submitted by Mr.Gourav Malviya to the Rajmata Vijayaraje
Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture in the Department of Agriculture
Economics & Farm Management has been accepted after evaluation by the
External Examiner and approved by the Student‟s Advisory Committee after an Oral
examination on the same.

Signature
Place:
Date: ( Dr. S.N.Soni )
Chairman of the Advisory Committee
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. S.N.Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr.P.S.Raghuwanshi ………………………...

(Member) Dr. (Smt.)S.B.Tambi ………………………...

Head of the Department: ………………………………………………………………

Dean of the collage:.……………………………………………………………………

Director of Instructions: ………………………………………………………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Almighty God for giving me this opportunity to express my heartfelt
gratitude to all the dedicated people whose support and kind co-operation
encouraged me during the course of investigation. I avail this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude to my guide and Chairman of the Advisory Committee,
Dr.S.N.Soni, Head of Department and Professor, Department of Agricultural
Economics for his inspiring guidance, untiring interest, immense labour, thought
provoking comments, constructive criticism, constant encouragement and generous
help throughout the course of investigation and the course of writing this manuscript.
I am deeply obliged to all the members of my Advisory Committee, namely,
Dr.P.S.Raghuwanshi, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm
Management and Dr.(Smt.)S.B.Tambi, Professor and Head, Department Extension
Education, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore. I also express my deep sense of
gratitude to Dr.P.K.Malviya, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and
Farm Management, Sehore for their valuable guidance.
I am also thankful to Dr.A.K.Singh Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, RVSKVV,
Gwalior, Dr.B.S.Baghel, Director of Instruction, RVSKVV, Gwalior and
Dr.(Smt)S.B.Tambi, Dean R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore for providing me the
necessary facilities during the studies.
I feel short of words to express my gratitude to my parents Shri.Laxman
Malviya, Mother Smt.Koushalaya Bai, Brother Vishal Malviya, Sister Priya Malviya
for their utmost co-operation, love and encouragement during the course of this
work. I am also thankful to Friends Rajiv, Satyandra, Jiten and Anki.
Last, but not least, my grateful thanks are due to all the respondents for the
study and staff of R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore of their co-operation during
thesis work.

Place : Sehore
Date : / / (Gourav Malviya)
CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGES

1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 6

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 - 19

3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 20 - 28

4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 29 - 53

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 54 - 62

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 63 - 66

APPENDIX i - iv

VITA
S.No Title Page.No.
Distribution of Chilli growers according to their age and
4.1 30
education
Distribution of Chilli growers according to size of family
4.2 31
and work force
Land utilization and irrigation pattern of sample Chilli
4.3 33
growers
4.4 Fixed assets of sample Chilli growers 34
4.5 Technological status at farm level of Chilli production 35
Input utilization patterns in Chilli production by different
4.6 40
technological status
4.7 Cost of cultivation of Chilli in different level of technology 41
Returns and profitability of Chilli production through
4.8 44
different technological status
Production function coefficient of Chilli cultivation with
4.9 47
different adoption level of technology
Constraints responsible for low adoption of improved
4.10 50
Chilli production technology
S.No Title Page.No.
Distribution of Chilli growers according to their age and
4.1 30-31
education
Distribution of Chilli growers according to size of family
4.2 31-32
and work force
Land utilization and irrigation pattern of sample Chilli
4.3 33-34
growers
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION

Advances in the science have considerably changed the pattern and quality of
human life. Almost every aspect of human living has been influenced by the advents,
inventions and innovations attained through modern scientific researches.
Agriculture, one of the most important human activities since the beginning of
civilization, has also progressed with the support of scientific investigation pertaining
to crop improvement, production, protection, crop nutrition, weed management and
water stress tolerance. Farmers have a lot of knowledge about agricultural
technologies but they choose only those, which are profitable from their viewpoint.
The farmers of the Madhya Pradesh state increased their production through
adoption of latest agricultural technologies. Moreover, certain area of the state
emerged as agriculture, horticulture hub where more specific crop is growing in large
area. The state has diverse agro climatic conditions hence, the crops grown and
cropping practices followed in these areas entirely depend up on unpredictable
rainfall, which is often erratic and results in wide fluctuations in production. The state
also offers ample scope for the development of dry land/rainfed areas for the
production of food crops pulses, and grassland and fodder resources. Among the
agriculture, horticulture is an important sector which is found to higher economic
return. Due to high economic return in some places of Madhya Pradesh the crops
production are diverted into horticultural crops. Among the horticulture, vegetable
production is an important due to heavy demand. Madhya Pradesh is producing
about 7.69 million metric tonnes of horticulture produce from an area of 0.75 million
hectare and accounts for 3.20% of total horticulture production of the country. The
major share of horticulture produce is from vegetables (48.08%) and fruits (43.85%)
and remaining (8.07%) was devoted under other horticulture crops. Madhya Pradesh
is the fifth largest producer of spices in the country and accounts for 7.73% of total
production of spices in the country. State produces about 0.41 m. MT of spices from
an area of 0.29 m ha. with productivity of 1.4 MT/ha.

(Source: National Horticulture Mission Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agriculture & Cooperation Krishi
Bhawan, New Delhi [2013])
Among the horticultural crops, chilly is one of the important horticulture
produce in Madhya Pradesh. Chilli share of all India production 4 per cent in the
state and got rank 6th in the country. Chillies from Madhya Pradesh are well known
for their pungency and good red colour. Sagar, Chhindwara, Indore, Dhar, Khargone,
Khandwa, Badwani and Burhanpur are the main chilli growing districts in Madhya
Pradesh.
Chilli is considered as one of the commercial spice crops. It is the most widely
used universal spice, named as wonder spice. In daily life, chilies are integral and
the most important ingredient in many different cuisines around the world as it adds
pungency, taste, flavour and colour to the dishes. Indian chilli is considered to be the
world famous for two important commercial qualities its colour and pungency levels.
Some varieties are famous for the red colour because of the Capsanthin pigment
and others are known for biting pungency attributed to capsaicin. Chilli is used as an
essential condiment in foods for its pungency and red colour. Besides these
properties chilli is a rich source of Vitamins A, C, E and P and has certain medicinal
properties.
India is the largest producer and consumer of chilli among other major
producers in the world. India contributes about 36 per cent to the total world
production, and assumes first position in terms of international trade, exporting 20
per cent of its total production. Chilli production in India is moving northwards on
increasing demand from diversified sectors and changing consumption patterns. Dry
chilli production rose by nearly 43 per by nearly 43 per cent from 8.7 lakh tones in
1997-98 to about 15 lakh tonnes in 2012-13.
The production of chilli in India is dominated by Andhra Pradesh which
bestows 53 per cent to the total production. Karnataka is the second largest
producer, contributing 9 per cent of total production followed by Orissa (6%), West
Bengal (6%), Maharashtra (5%), Madhya Pradesh (4%) and other States (17%).
Although, the demand of chilli in increasing for export and home consumption,
but the present production and productivity of chilli in the country are very
inadequate, being only about one-fourth to one-third of the requirement. In order to
fulfill the demand of the people, it is essential that the production of chilli should be
increased considerably. This object can be achieved by increasing the present area
under chilli and also by increasing the productivity per unit of area by adopting better
and improved chilli production technology.
Keeping the view of importance of technology in agricultural development
most extension services are actively engaged in promoting new technologies with
farmers. Resources are invested in various extension activities, such as field days or
demonstrations, and the extension service may undergo considerable
reorganization, such as with the training and visit (T&V) system. But only infrequently
are resources reserved for monitoring the outcome of these extension efforts and
using the analysis to understand why some recommendations or extension
techniques are more successful than others. For those farmers who have not
adopted, do they find disadvantages with the new practice and improved technology
is the practice too far removed from farmers' knowledge base, or has the extension
methodology not been effective in acquainting these farmers with the new
technique? There are several reasons to invest in studying the adoption of
agricultural technology. These include improving the efficiency of technology
generation, assessing the effectiveness of technology transfer, understanding the
role of policy in the adoption of new technology, and demonstrating the impact of
investing in technology generation.
Several studies revealed that if the benefits of the new technology are largely
expressed as increased yield, the first step is to estimate yield changes due to
adoption of different level of technology, its called yield gap. Yield gap refers to the
difference between the potential yield (yield on progressive farms) and actual farm
yield (realized on the general farmers‟ filed). These facts nevertheless, signify the
broad scope for increasing the crop yields through proper application of inputs at the
recommended levels and better management practices.
Once the yield difference has been estimated, it is possible to calculate a
value of increased yield and calculate the total value of increased production
resulting from adoption of improved technology in crop production in the study area.
It may also be important to obtain an estimate of the increased income for farmers
who have adopted the new technology. Such an estimate will require good data on
the variable costs of the technology. Estimates of the benefits of a new technology
should be balanced against possible costs implied by changes in other parts of the
farming system. The long-term sustainability of a new practice may also need to be
examined when considering costs and benefits.
Another important use of the information from level of adoption of crop
production technology and its economic studies is to assess the impact of