Extraction of Cellulose-Based Polymers from Textile Waste

187 Pages·2022·5.007 MB·English

by  Felgueiras H.P., Padrão J., Antunes J.C. (ed.)

Extraction of
Cellulose-Based
Polymers from
Textile Wastes
Edited by
Helena P. Felgueiras, Jorge Padrão and Joana C. Antunes
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Polymers
www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
Extraction of Cellulose-Based
Polymers from Textile Wastes
Extraction of Cellulose-Based
Polymers from Textile Wastes
Editors
Helena P. Felgueiras
Jorge Padra˜o
Joana C. Antunes
MDPI‚Basel‚Beijing‚Wuhan‚Barcelona‚Belgrade‚Manchester‚Tokyo‚Cluj‚Tianjin
Editors
HelenaP.Felgueiras JorgePadra˜o JoanaC.Antunes
CentreforTextileScienceand CentreforTextileScienceand CentreforTextileScienceand
Technology Technology Technology
UniversityofMinho UniversityofMinho UniversityofMinho
Guimara˜es Guimara˜es Guimara˜es
Portugal Portugal Portugal
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St. Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) (available at: www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers/special issues/Extr
Cellul Based Polym).
For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as
indicatedbelow:
LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number,
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ISBN978-3-0365-4733-6(PDF)
© 2022 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative
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ThebookasawholeisdistributedbyMDPIunderthetermsandconditionsoftheCreativeCommons
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Contents
HelenaP.Felgueiras,JorgePadra˜oandJoanaC.Antunes
ExtractionofCellulose-BasedPolymersfromTextileWastes
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2022,14,2063,doi:10.3390/polym14102063 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
GeraldoCardosodeOliveiraNeto, MichelineMaiaTeixeira, GabrielLuisVictorinoSouza,
ValquiriaDemarchiArns,HenrriccoNievesPujolTucciandMarleneAmorim
AssessmentoftheEco-EfficiencyoftheCircularEconomyintheRecoveryofCellulosefromthe
ShreddingofTextileWaste
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2022,14,1317,doi:10.3390/polym14071317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Halimatuddahliana Nasution, Esam Bashir Yahya, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Marwan
AbdulhakimShaah,A.B.SurianiandAzmiMohamedetal.
ExtractionandIsolationofCelluloseNanofibersfromCarpetWastesUsingSupercriticalCarbon
DioxideApproach
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2022,14,326,doi:10.3390/polym14020326 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TorkiA.ZughaibiandRobertR.Steiner
ForensicAnalysisofPolymericCarpetFibersUsingDirectAnalysisinRealTimeCoupledtoan
AccuTOF™MassSpectrometer
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,2687,doi:10.3390/polym13162687 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ShengjunWang,JiaqiGuo,YiboMa,AlanX.Wang,XianmingKongandQianYu
FabricationandApplicationofSERS-ActiveCelluloseFibersRegeneratedfromWasteResource
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,2142,doi:10.3390/polym13132142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
MahaMohammadAl-RajabiandYeitHaanTeow
GreenSynthesisofThermo-ResponsiveHydrogelfromOilPalmEmptyFruitBunchesCellulose
forSustainedDrugDelivery
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,2153,doi:10.3390/polym13132153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Samsul Rizal, Abdul Khalil H. P. S., Adeleke A. Oyekanmi, Olaiya N. Gideon, Che K.
AbdullahandEsamB.Yahyaetal.
Cotton Wastes Functionalized Biomaterials from Micro to Nano: A Cleaner Approach for a
SustainableEnvironmentalApplication
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,1006,doi:10.3390/polym13071006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
BinweiZheng,WeiweiZhang,LitaoGuan,JinGu,DengyunTuandChuanshuangHu
Enhanced Water Resistance of Recycled Newspaper/High Density Polyethylene Composite
LaminatesviaHydrophobicModificationofNewspaperLaminas
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,421,doi:10.3390/polym13030421 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
SamsulRizal,FunmilayoG.Olaiya,N.I.Saharudin,C.K.Abdullah,OlaiyaN.G.andM.K.
MohamadHaafizetal.
Isolation of Textile Waste Cellulose Nanofibrillated Fibre Reinforced in Polylactic Acid-Chitin
BiodegradableCompositeforGreenPackagingApplication
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,325,doi:10.3390/polym13030325 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
NehaTavker,VirendraKumarYadav,KrishnaKumarYadav,MarinaMSCabral-Pinto,Javed
AlamandArunKumarShuklaetal.
RemovalofCadmiumandChromiumbyMixtureofSilverNanoparticlesandNano-Fibrillated
CelluloseIsolatedfromWastePeelsofCitrusSinensis
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,234,doi:10.3390/polym13020234 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
v
Omid Yazdani Aghmashhadi, Lisandra Rocha-Meneses, Nemailla Bonturi, Kaja Orupo˜ld,
GhasemAsadpourandEsmaeilRasoolyGarmaroodyetal.
Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste
BanknotePaper
Reprintedfrom: Polymers2021,13,239,doi:10.3390/polym13020239 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
vi
polymers
Editorial
Extraction of Cellulose-Based Polymers from Textile Wastes
HelenaP.Felgueiras* ,JorgePadrão andJoanaC.Antunes
CentreforTextileScienceandTechnology(2C2T),UniversityofMinho,CampusdeAzurém,
4800-058Guimarães,Portugal;[email protected](J.P.);[email protected](J.C.A.)
* Correspondence:[email protected]
The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of
research.Formanyyears,wood(especiallyfrombleachedkraftwoodpulp)wasconsidered
themainsourceofcellulosiccompoundsbecauseofitsabundanceinnature[1,2]. However,
inthepastdecade,researchershavebeendevotedtofindingalternativestoextractcellulose
from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, both highly available at a
veryreducedrawmaterialcost. Indeed,becauseoftheever-increasingconsumptionof
cotton-based products, the amount of cotton waste generated, including pre-consumer
(fiberlinters,yarnslivers,fabricscrapsfromfactoryoffcuts,unsoldbrand-newgarments)
and post-consumer (used and unwanted garments) wastes, has increased substantially
inlandfills[2,3]. Infinishedcottonfabrics,cellulosecontentcanbeupto99%sincenon-
cellulosecomponentsareeliminatedduringscouringandbleaching, whichareroutine
preparation procedures. Considering the urgent demands for a circular economy and
sustainableactions,researchershavebeentakingthefirststepstowardsfindingnewand
greenerextractionsystemsforagriculturalandtextilewastestoendowtherawmaterials
presentwithinthosewasteswithasecondlife.ThisSpecialIssuebringstogether10original
articlesthatdetailtherecentprogressandnewdevelopmentsinthisfield.
Rizaletal.,inaverycompellingandcriticaloverviewoftheworlds’currentsituation
regardingcottonwastefibersandtheirineffectiveprocessingmechanismtomitigatetheir
environmentalimpact,providedevidenceofnewworkbeingconductedtoemploythese
wastesinfunctionalproducts. Indeed,differentpre-treatmenttechniqueswereidentified
Citation:Felgueiras,H.P.;
fortheirefficiencyinextractingcellulosenanocrystalsfromcottonwastes,andmanyappli-
Padrão,J.;Antunes,J.C.Extractionof
Cellulose-BasedPolymersfromTextile cationsinthepackagingandbiomedicalfieldswerehighlighted[3]. Netoetal. explored
Wastes.Polymers2022,14,2063. andassessedtheeconomicandenvironmentalgainsfromthemechanicalshreddingof
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14102063 celluloseincottonfabricsinatextilecompany,identifyingthecircularityassociatedwith
theadoptionofsuchmethods.Datasuggestedtheexistenceofopportunitiesforthecircular
Received:30April2022
economybyresortingtomechanicalrecycling,eventhoughtherearestillsomelimitations
Accepted:16May2022
relatedtotheconsumptionofelectricalenergyandamountoflubricantsemployed[4].
Published:18May2022
Nano-fibrillatedcelluloseextractedfromwastepeelsofcitrussinensisbyachemical
Publisher’sNote:MDPIstaysneutral methodinvolvingalkaliandacidhydrolysisandmodifiedwithsilvernanoparticlesalso
withregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin synthesizedusingextractofcitrussinensisskinsasareducingagentwereengineeredfor
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffil- heavymetalsorption. Datafoundtheseisolatesandnanoparticlesespeciallyeffectivein
iations.
removing cadmium and chromium particles from pharmaceutical effluent samples [5].
Rizaletal.,demonstratedthatcellulosenanofibrillatedfibersisolatedfromwastecotton
fabricsandcombinedwithsupercriticalcarbondioxideviahigh-pressurehomogenization
couldbeusedtoenhancepolylacticacid/chitinproperties,particularlythoserelatedwith
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
thethermal-mechanicalandwettabilityofthesystem[6]. Cellulosenanofibershavealso
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
beenisolatedfrombleachedcarpetwastesusinganinnovativesupercriticalcarbondioxide
This article is an open access article
treatmentapproach, whichwhileisolatingthematerialsalsoremovedimpurities. This
distributed under the terms and
treatmentwasunveiledasagreenapproachforenhancingtheisolationyieldofcellulose
conditionsoftheCreativeCommons
Attribution(CCBY)license(https:// nanofibersfromtextilewastes withimproved valueandhigh quality[7]. Additionally,
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ focusingoncarpetfibers, Zughaibietal., divulgedtheaccuracyofanewanalysistech-
4.0/). nique,theDirectAnalysisinRealTime(DART™)coupledtoanAccuratetime-of-flight
1
Polymers2022,14,2063
(AccuTOF™)massspectrometer,foridentifyingdistinctpolymericfibersincrimescenes,
andhighlighteditspotentialforforensicsciences[8].
Wangetal.,engineeredaflexibleSERSsubstratebasedonregeneratedcellulosefibers,
obtainedfromwastepaper,modifiedwithgoldnanoparticlesthroughdry-jetwetspinning
method,anapproachturnedeco-friendlybyusingionicliquids. Thegoldnanoparticles
wereincorporatedontheregeneratedfibersthroughelectrostaticinteraction. TheSERS
scaffolding system was found very effective for identifying toxins and chemicals like
dimetridazoleinaqueoussolutions[9]. Recyclednewspaperfibershavealsobeencollected
and reinforced with high density polyethylene for potential outdoor applications. The
compositesampleswereseentoimprovewaterresistanceandreducelossoftensilestrength
inwetconditions,dependingontheamountofstearicacidusedtomodifythenewspaper
fibers[10]. Additionally,Aghmashhadietal.,usingwastebanknotepaperasrawmatter,
proposedtheproductionofvalue-addedproductslikebioethanolandbiogas. Inthisstudy,
theauthorsanalyzedtheinfluenceofthepresenceandabsenceofinkonthefibersinthe
bioethanolandbiogasyields. Theydeterminedthatwastebanknotepaperwithoutink
andtreatedwithsulfuricacidandanitrogenexplosivedecompressionprocesscouldbea
suitablefeedstockforsustainablebiorefineryapproaches[11].
Inthefieldofdrugdelivery,Al-Rajabietal.,exploredagreensynthesismethodfor
developingathermo-responsivecellulosehydrogelusingcelluloseextractedfromoilpalm
emptyfruitbunches. Thethermo-responsivenesswasguaranteedbytheincorporation
ofPluronicF127polymerontothehydrogels. Asustainedreleaseofsilversulfadiazine
wasobservedovertime. Intheend,itwasseenthatthethermo-responsivecellulose-based
hydrogel could give rise to cost-effective and sustainable drug delivery systems using
abundantlyavailableagriculturalbiomass[12].
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, H.P.F.; writing—review and editing, H.P.F., J.P. and
J.C.A.; fundingacquisition, H.P.F.Allauthorshavereadandagreedtothepublishedversionof
themanuscript.
Funding:ThisresearchwasfundedbythePortugueseFoundationforScienceandTechnology(FCT)
grantsPTDC/CTMTEX/28074/2017,PTDC/CTMTEX/28295/2017andUID/CTM/00264/2021.
ConflictsofInterest:Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictofinterest.
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3