Exploring medical language: a student-directed approach PDF
Preview Exploring medical language: a student-directed approach
YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED MORE THAN A TEXTBOOK! Evolve Student Resources for LaFleur: Exploring Medical Language, 9th Edition, include the following: • Interactive games and exercises, animations, and career videos. • Quick Quizzes, a dictionary of terms, and Electronic Health Records. • Mobile-optimized content including Quick Quizzes, flash cards, and dictionary of terms. Scan the QR code to access your free mobile content. Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each textbook purchase by registering at http://evolve.elsevier.com/LaFleur/exploring/ REGISTER TODAY! You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve! Go to evolve.elsevier.com/html/shop-promo.html to search and browse for products. EDITION 9 EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGE A STUDENT-DIRECTED APPROACH MYRNA LAFLEUR BROOKS, RN, BEd Founding President National Association of Health Unit Coordinators Faculty Emeritus Maricopa County Community College District Phoenix, Arizona Study Leader Institute for Lifelong Education at Dartmouth (ILEAD) Hanover, New Hampshire DANIELLE LAFLEUR BROOKS, MEd, MATLA Faculty, Allied Health and Medical Assisting Community College of Vermont Montpelier, Vermont 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGE, A STUDENT-DIRECTED ISBN: 978-0-323-22466-6 APPROACH, 9TH EDITION Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-323-22466-6 Content Strategist: Linda Woodard Senior Content Development Specialist: Luke Held Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy Senior Project Manager: Andrea Campbell Medical Illustrator: Jeanne Robertson Design Direction: Jessica Williams Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 What advice would you give to students just starting to learn medical terminology? I remember, as a young medical student, having a reaction to some of these big words . . . feeling that some of the medical language was just too fancy, highbrow, or unnecessary at times. However, as I progressed I came to realize I was learning a language—a very precise language that I needed to understand so that I could properly communicate my intentions. For example, “diaphoresis” . . . why not just say “sweating?” Well, diaphoresis means sweating without exertion—from vagal stimulation maybe. Very different from sweating from normal exercise. If you fall outside of this you [may] become discredited and cannot communicate [effectively] with others in the field. So, if you can accept that this is a highly precise language . . . learn it . . . break it down . . . you’ll find it an immense tool. From an interview with Peter Goth, MD, FACEP, conducted by Michaella Warren, student, as part of a medical terminology class assignment. CONTENTS PREFACE Welcome, vi Dear Student, vii Features, viii Organization of the Textbook, xii How Will I Learn Medical Terms?, xiii Dear Instructor, xv Online Teaching Resources, xv Also Available, xvi PART 1 Introduction to Word Parts and Human Body Structure 1 Introduction to Medical Language and Online Learning, 1 2 Body Structure, Color, and Oncology, 18 3 Directional Terms, Planes, Positions, Regions, and Quadrants, 63 PART 2 Body Systems 4 Integumentary System, 92 5 Respiratory System and Introduction to Diagnostic Procedures and Tests, 138 6 Urinary System, 207 7 Male Reproductive System, 256 8 Female Reproductive System, 293 9 Obstetrics and Neonatology, 344 10 Cardiovascular, Immune, Lymphatic Systems and Blood, 384 11 Digestive System, 455 12 Eye, 516 13 Ear, 554 14 Musculoskeletal System, 579 15 Nervous System and Behavioral Health, 646 16 Endocrine System, 700 APPENDICES A Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Suffixes Alphabetized According to Word Part, 735 B Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Suffixes Alphabetized According to Definition, 742 C Abbreviations, 749 D Pharmacology Terms, 761 A complete list of the tables found throughout the text is located on the very last page of the book. iv ANATOMY OF A CHAPTER It can be difficult to determine, at a glance, all that is included in a chapter, so let’s take a closer look at a typical body system chapter, Chapter 5, Respiratory System and Introduction to Diagnostic Procedures and Tests, pp. 138-206. OUTLINE, p. 138 OBJECTIVES, p. 138 ANATOMY • Function, p. 139 • Organs of the Respiratory System, p. 139 WORD PARTS • Combining Forms of the Respiratory System, p. 143 • Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Respiratory System Terms, p. 146 • Prefixes, p. 147 • Suffixes, p. 148 MEDICAL TERMS • Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts, p. 150 Not Built from Word Parts, p. 157 • Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts, p. 163 • Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts, p. 173 Not Built from Word Parts, p. 177 • Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts, p. 182 Not Built from Word Parts, p. 187 • Abbreviations, p. 191 PRACTICAL APPLICATION • Interact with Medical Documents and Electronic Health Records, p. 194 • Interpret Medical Terms, p. 196 • Read Medical Terms, p. 197 • Comprehend Medical Terms, p. 197 CHAPTER REVIEW • Review of Evolve, p. 198 • Review of Word Parts, p. 198 • Review of Medical Terms, p. 199 • Answers, p. 201 v PREFACE WELCOME TO THE NINTH EDITION OF EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGE Medical terminology, like any living language, changes over time. The content of the ninth edition has been updated to reflect current use, ensuring the textbook remains an effective tool for those entering medical professions as well as those in related fields including software development, computer applications and support, insurance, law, equipment supply, pharmaceutical sales, and medical writing. NEW CONTENT • An expanded section on diagnostic procedures and tests in Chapter 5. • Two new appendices introducing Health Information Technology Terms and Dental Terms. • New and updated diagrams, tables, and sidebar boxes. GROUNDBREAKING ADDITIONS • Integration of the Evolve online program with chapter content, offering a hybrid of print and electronic materi- als. Callouts are threaded throughout the text for easy transition from textbook learning to online learning. Students may complete the Spelling and Pronunciation Exercises online; supplement their learning by playing Games or viewing Animations online; and review and assess their progress by completing Activities and Quick Quizzes online. • Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have been added to keep up with the digital world in the healthcare setting. Practice with EHRs while learning medical terminology allows the student to gain familiarity with format and function, easing the transition between the educational and working environments. NEW ELECTRONIC FEATURES • Ability of the student to e-mail results of Multiple Choice and Spelling Quick Quizzes and Assessment Activities to the instructor. • QR codes (quick response codes) for Weblinks. CORNERSTONE FEATURES These continue to set our text apart from others, remain the core of our learning system, specifically: • Term lists categorized by terms built from word parts and those not built from word parts • Subcategories of terms grouped by topic: disease and disorder terms, surgical terms, diagnostic terms and complementary terms • Application of terms at the end of the chapters in medical state- ments and documents • A variety of learning tools to maximize effectiveness of student learning styles In the 9th edition of Exploring Medical Language, the new content, groundbreaking additions of electronic materials, and cornerstone features create an optimal balance of hands on and virtual learning tools to best support the student’s acquisition of medical language. vi Preface vii DEAR STUDENT If you are reading this, you are probably already enrolled in a medical terminology course and preparing for your journey of learning medical language using this textbook. As you flip through the pages of Exploring Medical Language you may be thinking, “There is so much to learn. How will I do it?” or “Why are there so many exercises?” Let us assure you that you will be able to acquire the language in a quick and easy manner by doing all the exercises in the text. The exercises approach the terms from all angles: writing, spelling, pronunciation, and application. Chapter content flows from one chapter to the next in a repetitive manner, making the best use of one’s time. You can acquire the language of medicine by using the textbook alone; however, it is totally integrated with the Evolve online supplemental learning review and assessment program to use as you wish. On Evolve you can: • hear terms pronounced • practice spelling ELSEVIER EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGEEd9ition A STUDENT-DIRECTED APPROACH LaFleur Tooltip Help • play games CHAPTER • interact with electronic SELECTION DS R health records CA H • assess your preparedness 1 2 LAS F for taking exams Quick Quizzes Pronunciation and • watch animations 3 4 Spelling Exercises • use electronic flash cards 5 6 We wish you the best as Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical you embark on this journey. C 7 8 LO Language and Online Learning You will join a select group SE of students who have used 9 10 Games Review and Assessment Activities Exploring Medical Language 11 12 as a textbook for over 28 years. 13 14 We would like to hear of ANT RE your experience with Explor- 15 16 EXTONT C ing Medical Language. What Animations Electronic Health exercises were most useful, Records suggestions for improve- ment, and so forth. Reach us by e-mail at the following addresses: [email protected] (Danielle) [email protected] (Myrna) Sincerely, Myrna and Danielle viii Preface FEATURES 1 Employs a learning system utilizing Greek and Latin word parts to analyze, define, and build medical terms. 1 WORD PARTS Combining Forms of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Suffixes and Blood SUFFIX DEFINITION COMBINING FORM DEFINITION -ac pertaining to angi/o vessel (usually refers to blood -apheresis removal vessel) -penia abnormal reduction in number aort/o aorta arteri/o artery atri/o atrium cardi/o heart 2 MEDICAL TERMS Complementary Terms TERM DEFINITION CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM atrioventricular (AV) pertaining to the atrium and ventricle (ā-trē-ō-ven-TRIK-ū-ler) cardiac pertaining to the heart (KAR-dē-ak) 3 EXERCISES: ANALYZING, DEFINING, WORD-BUILDING EXERCISE 38 EXERCISE 39 Analyze and define the following complementary terms. Build the complementary terms for the following definitions by using the word parts you have learned. 1. hypothermia 2. hematopoiesis 1. study of the heart WR S Pertaining to the heart WR CV S 7. cardiac 8. hematology 2. formation of blood (cells) WR CV S cardi ac 7. pertaining to the heart WR S 8. physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart WR CV S 2 Divides terms into categories based on learning methods. Medical Terms Built from Word Parts Not Built from Word Parts 1) Analyzing/Defining 1) Matching 2) Word Building 2) Recall 3) Pronunciation 3) Pronunciation 4) Spelling 4) Spelling
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