Experiments manual for Grob's basic electronics

539 Pages·2016·33.591 MB·English

by  Ponick, Wes;Schultz, Mitchel E

Experiments Manual for
12 e
GROB’S BASIC
ELECTRONICS
WES PONICK
Experiments Manual
for
Grob’s Basic
Electronics

Experiments Manual
for
Grob’s Basic
Electronics
Twelfth Edition
Wes Ponick
Technical Consultant
EXPERIMENTS MANUAL FOR GROB’S BASIC ELECTRONICS, TWELFTH EDITION
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Contents
Preface vii EXPERIMENT 6-2 Series-Parallel
Circuits—
Networks 107
EXPERIMENT I Introduction
EXPERIMENT 6-3 Series-Parallel
Experiment—
Circuits—Analysis 113
Electronics Math I-1
EXPERIMENT 6-4 Series-Parallel
EXPERIMENT 1-1 Lab Safety,
Circuits—Opens and
Equipment, and
Shorts 119
Components
(Resistor Color EXPERIMENT 6-5 The Wheatstone
Code) 1 Bridge 129
EXPERIMENT 2-1 Resistance EXPERIMENT 6-6 Additional Series-
Measurements 9 Parallel Circuits 135
EXPERIMENT 2-2 Resistor V & I EXPERIMENT 6-7 Additional Series-
Measurements 17 Parallel Opens and
Shorts 139
EXPERIMENT 3-1 Ohm’s Law 25
EXPERIMENT 7-1 Voltage Dividers with
EXPERIMENT 3-2 Applying Ohm’s
Loads 147
Law 31
EXPERIMENT 7-2 Current Dividers 153
EXPERIMENT 4-1 Series Circuits 37
EXPERIMENT 7-3 Potentiometers
EXPERIMENT 4-2 Series Circuits—
and Rheostats as
Resistance 43
Dividers 159
EXPERIMENT 4-3 Series
EXPERIMENT 7-4 Voltage Divider
Circuits—Analysis 49
Design 165
EXPERIMENT 4-4 Series Circuits—With
EXPERIMENT 8-1 Analog Ammeter
Opens 55
Design 171
EXPERIMENT 4-5 Series-Aiding and
EXPERIMENT 8-2 Analog Voltmeter
Series-Opposing
Design 175
Voltages 61
EXPERIMENT 8-3 Analog Ohmmeter
EXPERIMENT 4-6 Positive and
Design 181
Negative Voltages
to Ground 67 EXPERIMENT 9-1 Kirchhoff’s Laws 189
EXPERIMENT 5-1 Parallel Circuits 73 EXPERIMENT 10-1 Network
Theorems 197
EXPERIMENT 5-2 Parallel Circuits—
Resistance EXPERIMENT 11-1 Conductors and
Branches 79 Insulators 201
EXPERIMENT 5-3 Parallel EXPERIMENT 12-1 Battery Internal
Circuits—Analysis 85 Resistance 211
EXPERIMENT 5-4 Parallel Circuits— EXPERIMENT 12-2 Load Match and
Opens and Shorts 91 Maximum Power 219
EXPERIMENT 6-1 Series-Parallel EXPERIMENT 13-1 Magnetism 225
Circuits— EXPERIMENT 13-2 Electromagnetism
Resistance 99 and Coils 229
v
CONTENTS
EXPERIMENT 14-1 Relays 235 EXPERIMENT 28-1 Common-Emitter
EXPERIMENT 15-1 AC Voltage and Ohm’s Amplifi er 411
Law 243 EXPERIMENT 30-1 FET Amplifi er 419
EXPERIMENT 15-2 Basic Oscilloscope EXPERIMENT 31-1 Two-Stage Transistor
Measurements 249 Amplifi er 425
EXPERIMENT 15-3 Additional AC EXPERIMENT 32-1 Light-Sensitive
Oscilloscope Diodes 433
Measurements 259 EXPERIMENT 32-2 Zener Diodes for
EXPERIMENT 15-4 Oscilloscope Regulation and
Measurements: Protection 437
Superposing AC on EXPERIMENT 32-3 Silicon-Controlled
DC 267 Rectifi er 443
EXPERIMENT 16-1 Capacitors 275 EXPERIMENT 33-1 Operational
EXPERIMENT 17-1 Capacitive Amplifi ers 451
Reactance 283
EXPERIMENT 18-1 Capacitive
Reactance 291 SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENTS
EXPERIMENT 18-2 Capacitive Phase EXPERIMENT A-1 Digital OR and AND
Measurements: Using Gates 461
an Oscilloscope 297
EXPERIMENT A-2 Digital NOR and NAND
EXPERIMENT 19-1 Inductors 303 Gates 465
EXPERIMENT 20-1 Inductive EXPERIMENT A-3 Multivibrator
Reactance 311 Flip-Flop 469
EXPERIMENT 21-1 Inductive Circuits 319 EXPERIMENT A-4 I ntegrated Logic
EXPERIMENT 22-1 RC Time Circuits 473
Constant 329 EXPERIMENT B-1 Vacuum Tube
EXPERIMENT 23-1 AC Circuits: RLC Amplifi er 477
Series 339 APPENDIX A A pplicable Color
EXPERIMENT 24-1 Complex Numbers for Codes 485
AC Circuits 345 APPENDIX B Lab Report
EXPERIMENT 25-1 Series Preparation 488
Resonance 353 APPENDIX C B lank Graph
EXPERIMENT 25-2 Parallel Paper 492
Resonance 359 APPENDIX D H ow to Make
EXPERIMENT 26-1 Filters 365 Graphs 502
EXPERIMENT 26-2 Filter Applications 371 APPENDIX E O scilloscope
Graticules 503
EXPERIMENT 27-1 P-N Junction 379
APPENDIX F The Oscilloscope 508
EXPERIMENT 27-2 Transistor as a
Switch 385 APPENDIX G Diode Data Sheet 511
EXPERIMENT 27-3 Diode Rectifi ers 389 APPENDIX H Transistor Data
Sheet 512
EXPERIMENT 27-4 Rectifi cation and
Filters 395 APPENDIX I Component List 513
EXPERIMENT 27-5 Troubleshooting Power
Supplies 401
vi
CONTENTS
Preface
The Experiments Manual for Grob’s Basic Electronics view the results or to see what happens with circuit
gives you step-by-step guidance with electronic com- failure. MultiSim runs on your computer so that it
ponents, circuits, and test equipment. The manual does not require using real circuits or equipment. Your
will help you develop the skills you need to build, instructor can provide more information about Multi-
measure, and troubleshoot electronic circuits of all Sim and how it applies to this set of experiments.
types. It is designed for the beginning student and as- The experiments usually take less than 2.5 hours
sumes they have no previous knowledge or experience to complete, but some are longer than others. Every
with electronics technology. experiment begins with an introduction (theory) be-
The experiments build on the chapters in Grob’s fore detailing the step-by-step procedures that you
Basic Electronics. There are more than 70 experi- will follow. Each experiment has exercises or ques-
ments, and each one has a separate introduction tions and tables or graphs for recording your data.
describing the theory and the objectives. All the nec- Finally, a blank report form is included, where you de-
essary components and equipment are listed. The pro- scribe how the objectives were met or how the theory
cedures include all the necessary steps and drawings. was verifi ed.
The experiments begin with electronics math ba- The Appendix lists all the required components
sics, lab safety, component recognition, and details on and equipment and has extra graphs, plots, and ex-
how to use basic lab equipment. Afterward, the labs ample reports to get you started.
progress to simple resistive circuits and then on to re- In conclusion, thanks to all the students and in-
active circuits. Circuits using diodes and transistors structors using this manual, including Ed Sikes and
are also included, so you learn to work on power sup- Dave Farina at Santa Rosa Junior College, John M.
plies, amplifi ers, and much more. Of course, you will Horkey and Kevin Holmin at Blackhawk Technical
be using lab equipment such as digital multimeters College, and many others for their help. Lastly, thanks
(DMM), DC power supplies, signal generators, and to Vincent Bradshaw (the product developer), who has
oscilloscopes. assisted with this latest edition.
In addition to the experiments, the MultiSim circuit This Experiments Manual is dedicated to every
simulation software (available on the textbook’s asso- student who needs a working knowledge of basic
ciated website) can also be used with this lab manual. electronics.
You can use it to simulate the circuit experiments and Wes Ponick
vii
PREFACE

INTRODUCTION E X P E R I M E N T I
I INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENT—
ELECTRONICS MATH
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the completion of this experiment, you will be able to:
■ Understand electronics math concepts
■ Use power of ten, scientifi c, and engineering notation
■ Understand precision and accuracy in electronic measurements
SUGGESTED READING
Introduction, Basic Electronics, Grob/Schultz, twelfth edition.
INTRODUCTION
The topics covered in this introduction may also be covered in separate math courses or in your electron-
ics courses. They are presented here to enhance, review, or introduce you to electronics math, which you
will use in the lab to predict or verify measurement results. The material here assumes you have basic
math skills to add, subtract, multiply, and divide, including working with fractional values (using decimal
points). In addition, the ability to do some basic algebra or geometry is recommended. You can also go online
to learn about or review any math concepts that are unfamiliar. However, most math concepts you need will
be explained in this lab manual. If you are skilled at mathematics, this introduction will only be a review,
except for the introduction of electronic values and units of measure.
The fi rst section begins with power of 10 notation, which is based on our number system of tens. Next,
scientifi c notation and then engineering notation (other variations of the power of 10 notation) will be intro-
duced. The last section will introduce you to signifi cant numbers, metric prefi xes, and Ohm’s law, which is
used with calculations and measurements.
Calculators: It is expected that you will be using a scientifi c calculator. You should be familiar with using
the add, subtract, multiply, and divide functions on your calculator as a minimum, and be sure you can clear
the entries using the C (clear) or CE (clear entry) keys. These keys will be specifi c to your calculator; for
example, some calculators use AC (all clear) or DEL (clear entry), and so on. Other functions such as using
exponents (EXP on most calculators), square roots (√), and others may also be required. So be sure to read
the information in your calculator’s manual.
EQUIPMENT
Calculator, paper, and pencil.
PROCEDURE
Read through the four sections and be sure you understand each one before you move on. The sections have
examples of calculating values of circuit voltage, current, and resistance, which are common practice in
electronics. At the end of each section are exercise problems.
Exercise Problems: Do the exercise problems after each section and record the results in the tables at
the end of this introduction. Also, check with your instructor for specifi cs about which exercises may require
calculations turned in on a separate sheet of paper.
I-1
EXPERIMENT I