Experimental Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics PDF
Preview Experimental Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series G.P. Tandon · Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur · Carter Ralph Nancy R. Sottos · Benjamin Blaiszik Editors Experimental Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6 Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series Series Editor Tom Proulx Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc., Bethel, CT, USA For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8922 G.P. Tandon (cid:129) Srinivasan Arjun Tekalur (cid:129) Carter Ralph Nancy R. Sottos (cid:129) Benjamin Blaiszik Editors Experimental Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6 Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Editors G.P.Tandon SrinivasanArjunTekalur UniversityofDaytonResearchInstitute MichiganStateUniversity Dayton,OH EastLansing,MI USA USA CarterRalph NancyR.Sottos SouthernResearchInstitute UniversityofIllinois Birmingham,AL Urbana,IL USA USA BenjaminBlaiszik ArgonneNationalLaboratory CenterforNanoscaleMaterials Argonne,IL USA ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652(electronic) ISBN978-3-319-00872-1 ISBN978-3-319-00873-8(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-00873-8 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013942489 #TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsof translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof beingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermitted onlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfrom Springer.Permissions for use may be obtained throughRightsLinkat the Copyright ClearanceCenter. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecific statement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthe publishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface ExperimentalMechanicsofComposite,Hybrid,andMultifunctionalMaterials,Volume6:Proceedingsofthe2013Annual Conference on Experimentaland Applied Mechanics represents oneofeightvolumes of technical paperspresented at the SEM 2013 Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics organized by the Society for Experimental Mechanics and held in Lombard, IL, June 3–5, 2013. The complete Proceedings also includes volumes on: DynamicBehaviorofMaterials;ChallengesinMechanicsofTime-DependentMaterialsandProcessesinConventionaland MultifunctionalMaterials;AdvancementofOpticalMethodsinExperimentalMechanics;MechanicsofBiologicalSystems andMaterials;MEMSandNanotechnology;FractureandFatigue;ResidualStress,Thermomechanics&InfraredImaging, HybridTechniquesandInverseProblems. Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin ExperimentalMechanics,Composite,Hybrid,andMultifunctionalMaterialsbeingoneoftheseareas. Compositesareincreasinglythematerialofchoiceforawiderangeofapplicationsfromsportingequipmenttoaerospace vehicles.Thisincreasehasbeenfueledbyincreasesinmaterialoptions,greaterunderstandingofmaterialbehaviors,novel design solutions, and improved manufacturing techniques. The broad range of uses and challenges requires a multidisci- plinaryapproachbetweenmechanical,chemical,andphysicalresearcherstocontinuetherapidrateofadvancement. Newmaterialsarebeingdevelopedfromnaturalsourcesorfrombiologicalinspirationleadingtocompositeswithunique properties and more sustainable sources, and testing needs to be performed to characterize their properties. Existing materialsusedincriticalapplicationsandonnanometerscalesrequiredeeperunderstandingoftheirbehaviorsandfailure mechanisms.Newtestmethodsandtechnologiesmustbedevelopedinordertoperformthesestudiesandtoevaluateparts duringmanufactureanduse.Inaddition,theuniquepropertiesofcompositespresentmanychallengesinjoiningthemwith othermaterialswhileperformingmultiplefunctions. ThisvolumeontheExperimentalMechanicsofComposite,Hybrid,andMultifunctionalMaterialspresentsnewresearch on the wide-ranging topics connected by the composites thread. Topics include: Failure Behavior of Polymer Matrix Composites,MicrovascularandNaturalComposites,NanocompositesforMultifunctionalPerformance,Composite/Hybrid Characterization Using Digital Image Correlation, Joints/Bonded Composites, Non-Destructive Testing of Composites, CharacterizationofEnergyStorageMaterials,andCompositeTestMethods. Dayton,OH,USA G.P.Tandon EastLansing,MI,USA SrinivasanArjunTekalur Birmingham,AL,USA CarterRalph Urbana,IL,USA NancyR.Sottos Argonne,IL,USA BenjaminBlaiszik v Contents 1 PredictionofPropertiesofCoirFiberReinforcedCompositebyANN.......................................... 1 G.L.EaswaraPrasad,B.S.KeerthiGowda,andR.Velmurugan 2 ImpactofSemi-rigidityofJointonTimberCompositeTrussBeam............................................. 9 SebastianFuentes,EricFournely,RostandMoutouPitti,andAbdelhamidBouchair 3 PredictionofPropertiesofCRPCSCParticulateCompositebyANN.......................................... 17 G.L.EaswaraPrasad,B.S.KeerthiGowda,R.Velmurugan,andM.K.Yashwanth 4 Lithium-IonBatteryElectrodeInspectionUsingFlashThermography........................................ 23 NathanSharp,DouglasAdams,JamesCaruthers,PeterO’Regan,AnandDavid,andMarkSuchomel 5 In-SituCharacterizationofStraininLithiumIonBatteryAnodes............................................. 31 JubinChenandThomasA.Berfield 6 FractureToughnessandFatigueBehaviorofNanoreinforcedCarbon/EpoxyComposites................... 37 JoelS.FennerandIsaacM.Daniel 7 DesignofMultifunctionalEnergeticStructuralComposites:APreliminaryStudy onanEpoxy-RubberMatrixwithExothermicMixtureReinforcements....................................... 47 EminBayraktar,DianaZaimova,MingJenTan,andIbrahimMiskioglu 8 ExperimentalMeasurementoftheEnergyDissipativeMechanismsoftheKevlar Micro-fibrillarNetworkforMulti-scaleApplication............................................................. 57 QuinnP.McAllister,JohnW.GillespieJr.,andMarkR.VanLandingham 9 ManufacturingandDamageAnalysisofEpoxyResin-ReinforcedScrapRubber CompositesforAeronauticalApplications........................................................................ 65 D.Zaimova,E.Bayraktar,I.Miskioglu,andN.Dishovsky 10 CompliantMultifunctionalWingStructuresforFlappingWingMAVs ....................................... 77 ArielPerez-Rosado,AlyssaPhilipps,EliBarnett,LukeRoberts, SatyandraK.Gupta,andHughA.Bruck 11 FabricationandCharacterizationofBi-metallic,StructuredFilmswithUltra-low ThermalExpansion.................................................................................................. 85 NamikoYamamoto,EleftheriosGdoutos,andChiaraDaraio 12 MacroFiberCompositesandSubstrateMaterialsforMAVWingMorphing................................. 89 BradleyW.LaCroixandPeterG.Ifju 13 ExperimentalCharacterizationofThermomechanicallyInducedInstability inPolymerFoamCoredSandwichStructures................................................................... 103 S.Zhang,J.M.Dulieu-Barton,andO.T.Thomsen vii viii Contents 14 CharacterizationofMixed-ModeEnergyReleaseRatesforCarbonFiber/Epoxy CompositesUsingDigitalImageCorrelation .................................................................... 109 JosephPuishysIII,SandipHaldar,andHughA.Bruck 15 StrainRateEffectsonFailureofaToughenedMatrixComposite............................................. 117 J.D.Schaefer,B.T.Werner,andI.M.Daniel 16 HP/HTHot-WetThermomechanicalBehaviorofFiber-Reinforced High-TemperaturePolymerComposites......................................................................... 125 YushengYuanandJimGoodson 17 EffectofPlyDispersiononFailureCharacteristicsofMultidirectionalLaminates.......................... 149 B.T.Werner,J.D.Schaefer,andI.M.Daniel 18 OptimizationandServiceLifePredictionofElastomericBasedComposites UsedinManufacturingEngineering.............................................................................. 157 D.Zaimova,E.Bayraktar,I.Miskioglu,andN.Dishovsky 19 DeformationandFailureofAngle-PlyCompositeLaminates.................................................. 167 B.T.Werner,J.D.Schaefer,andI.M.Daniel 20 ProgressiveFailureofaUnidirectionalFiber-ReinforcedComposite......................................... 173 PascalMeyerandAnthonyM.Waas 21 ProcessOptimizationbyDirectIntegrationoftheRFIDChips DuringtheManufacturingoftheCompositePartsUsedinAeronauticalEngineering...................... 181 H-A.Alhas,E.Bayraktar,C.Nizam,andJ.Khalil 22 FiberBragg-GratingSensorArrayforHealthMonitoringofBondedCompositeLap-Joints .............. 189 MahmoodulHaq,AntonKhomenko,LalitaUdpa,andSatishUdpa 23 Semi-experimentalInvestigationofBridgingTractionsinDelamination ..................................... 197 EbrahimFarmand-Ashtiani,Joe¨lCugnoni,andJohnBotsis 24 MethodologiesforCombinedLoadsTestsUsingaMulti-actuatorTestMachine............................ 205 MarshallRouse 25 MechanicalCharacterizationandModelingofCeramicFoamMaterials..................................... 215 I.M.Daniel,J.S.Fenner,andM.-Y.Chen 26 MechanicalCharacterizationforIdentifyinganAppropriateThermalCycle forCuringCeramic/GlassCompositeSeals...................................................................... 225 BodhayanDevandMarkE.Walter 27 BehaviorofBondedCompositeRepairsonDynamicallyLoadedPressureVessels.......................... 235 MatthewKnofczynskiandMichaelW.Keller 28 FractureTestingofSimulatedFRPRepairsII.................................................................. 241 TanveerChawlaandM.N.Cavalli 29 AnInnovativeMeasuringMethodofYoung’sModulusUsingPostbucklingBehavior ...................... 247 AtsumiOhtsuki 30 OntheUseofUltrasonicPulse-EchoImmersionTechniqueforMeasuringRealAttenuation.............. 255 MiguelGon˜iandCarl-ErnstRousseau Chapter 1 Prediction of Properties of Coir Fiber Reinforced Composite by ANN G.L.EaswaraPrasad,B.S.KeerthiGowda,andR.Velmurugan Abstract In the present study the mechanical properties of coir reinforced epoxy resin composite is predicted by using ANNapproach.TheexperimentalstudybyusingshortcoconutcoirfibersreinforcedwithEpoxyLY556resincompositeis reportedinearlierstudies.ThecoirfiberscollectedfromOrissa,India,usedinlengthsof5,20and30mmwith30%fiber and 70 % matrix are used. Experiments conducted as per ASTM standards, and results of tensile, flexural, and impact strengthsarereported.Itisalsoreportedthatthefiberlengthishavingsignificanteffectonthepropertiesofcomposites.The traditionalexperimentalmethodsusedinobtainingthepropertiesofcompositesisexpensive,requirehumanresources,time consuming and human errors may occur. To reduce the above drawbacks, the present study is under taken to develop a weightedmatrixbetweeninput(FiberLength)andoutput(properties).ANN’straininganditstestingareadoptedtofixthe appropriate weighted matrix which in turn prognosticates the appropriate mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced epoxyresincomposites.Similartrendinthevariationoftensilestrength,flexuralstrengthandimpactstrengthwereobtained inthepredictionusingANNandtheycomparedwellwiththeexperimentalresultsreported. 1.1 Introduction Theadvantagesofcompositematerialsoverconventionalmaterialsstemlargelyfromtheirhigherspecificstrength,stiffness andfatiguecharacteristics,whichenablestructuraldesigntobemoreversatile.Bydefinition,compositematerialsconsistof two or more constituents with physically separable phases [1, 2]. Composites are materials that comprise strong load carrying material i.e., fibers (known as reinforcement) embedded in weaker material (known as matrix). Reinforcement provides strength and rigidity, and supporting structural loads. The matrix or binder (organic or inorganic) maintains the positionandorientationofthereinforcement.Significantly,constituentsofthecompositesretaintheirindividual,physical and chemical properties; yet together they produce a combination of qualities which individual constituents would be incapable of producing alone. The reinforcement may be platelets, particles or fibers and are usually added to improve mechanicalpropertiessuchasstiffness,strengthandtoughnessofthematrixmaterial. Natural fibers such as jute, sisal, pineapple, abaca and coir [3–12] have been studied as a reinforcement and filler in composites.Growingattentionisnowadaysbeingpaidtococonutfiberduetoitsavailability.Thecoconuthuskisavailable inlargequantitiesasresiduefromcoconutproductioninmanyareas,whichisyieldingthecoarsecoirfiber.Coirisalingo- cellulosic natural fiber. It is a seed-hair fiber obtained from the outer shell, or husk, of the coconut. Because of its hard- wearingquality,durabilityandotheradvantages,itisusedformakingawidevarietyoffloorfurnishingmaterials,yarn,rope etc.[13].Hence,researchanddevelopmenteffortshavebeenunderwaytofindnewuseareasforcoir,includingutilizationof coirasreinforcementinpolymercomposites[14–20]. G.L.E.Prasad(*) MangloreInstituteofTechnologyandEngineering,Mudbidre,Karnataka,India e-mail:[email protected] B.S.K.Gowda CivilEnggdept,DACGGovernmentPolytechnic,Chickmaglur,Karnataka,India R.Velmurugan AerospaceEngineeringDept,IITMadras,Chennai,India G.P.Tandonetal.(eds.),ExperimentalMechanicsofComposite,Hybrid,andMultifunctionalMaterials,Volume6, 1 ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-00873-8_1, #TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2014
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