Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Advanced Materials and Structures PDF
Preview Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Advanced Materials and Structures
Advanced Structured Materials Andreas Öchsner Holm Altenbach Editors Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Advanced Materials and Structures Advanced Structured Materials Volume 41 Series Editors Andreas Öchsner Lucas F. M. da Silva Holm Altenbach For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8611 Andreas Öchsner Holm Altenbach • Editors Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Advanced Materials and Structures 123 Editors Andreas Öchsner HolmAltenbach Faculty ofBiosciences andMedical Lehrstuhl fürTechnische Mechanik Engineering (FBME) Institutfür Mechanik,Fakultätfür UniversityofTechnologyMalaysia-UTM Maschinenbau Skudai,Johor Bahru Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Malaysia Magdeburg Germany and Faculty ofEngineering andBuilt Environment The Universityof Newcastle Australia ISSN 1869-8433 ISSN 1869-8441 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-00505-8 ISBN 978-3-319-00506-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00506-5 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013945162 (cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthe work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of theCopyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the CopyrightClearanceCenter.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Experimentalandnumericalinvestigationofmaterialsandstructuresisnowadays an important discipline which enables a better and more reliable application of engineering components. Furthermore, limits of materials and structure can be accurately determined which may influence the design process and result, for example, in much lighter structures than a few decades ago. A lot of these advancements are connected with the increased computer power (hardware) and the development of well-engineered computer software. This directly influences thecapabilitytobringnoveladvancedmaterialsandstructurestoapplication.Only iftheperformanceofnewmaterialsandstructurescanbesufficientlypredictedand guaranteed, they will find their way in industrial applications. The6thInternationalConferenceonAdvancedComputationalEngineeringand Experimenting, ACE-X 2012, was held in Istanbul, Turkey, from 1–4 July, 2012 with a strong focus on computational-based and supported engineering. This conferenceservedasanexcellentplatformfortheengineeringcommunitytomeet witheach otherandtoexchange thelatest ideas. Thisvolume contains19revised and extended research articles written by experienced researchers participating in theconference.Thebookwillofferthestate-of-the-artoftremendousadvancesin mechanical, materials, and civil engineering, ranging from composite materials, application of nanostructures up to automotive industry and examples taken from oilindustry.Well-knownexpertspresenttheirresearchondamageandfractureof materialandstructures,materialsmodelingandevaluationuptoimageprocessing, and visualization for advanced analyses and evaluation. The organizers and editors wish to thank all the authors for their participation andcooperationwhichmadethisvolumepossible.Finally,wewouldliketothank the team of Springer-Verlag, especially Dr. Christoph Baumann, for the excellent cooperation during the preparation of this volume. April 2013 Andreas Öchsner Holm Altenbach v Contents Neural Model for Prediction of Tires Eigenfrequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Zora Jancˇíková, Pavel Koštial, Dana Bakošová, David Seidl, Jirˇi David, Jan Valícˇek and Marta Harnicˇárová Effect of Steady Ampoule Rotation on Radial Dopant Segregation in Vertical Bridgman Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Nouri Sabrina, Benzeghiba Mohamed and Ghezal Abdrrahmane Discontinuity Detection in the Vibration Signal of Turning Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Joško Šoda, Slobodan Marko Beroš, Ivica Kuzmanic´ and Igor Vujovic´ Visualization of Global Illumination Variations in Motion Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Igor Vujovic´, Ivica Kuzmanic´, Joško Šoda and Slobodan Marko Beroš Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior of SAE 9254 Steel Suspension Springs Manufactured by Two Different Processes: Hot and Cold Winding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Carolina Sayuri Hattori, Antonio Augusto Couto, Jan Vatavuk, Nelson Batista de Lima and Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis Yield Criteria for Incompressible Materials in the Shear Stress Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Vladimir A. Kolupaev, Alexandre Bolchoun and Holm Altenbach The Optimum Design of Laminated Slender Beams with Complex Curvature Using a Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Jun Hwan Jang and Jae Hoon Kim A Finite Element Approach for the Vibration of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Seyyed Mohammad Hasheminia and Jalil Rezaeepazhand vii viii Contents Characteristics of Welded Thin Sheet AZ31 Magnesium Alloy . . . . . . 147 Mahadzir Ishak, Kazuhiko Yamasaki and Katsuhiro Maekawa Localization of Rotating Sound Sources Using Time Domain Beamforming Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Christian Maier, Wolfram Pannert and Winfried Waidmann Mathematical Modelling of the Physical Phenomena in the Interelectrode Gap of the EDM Process by Means of Cellular Automata and Field Distribution Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Andrzej Golabczak, Andrzej Konstantynowicz and Marcin Golabczak Free Vibration Analysis of Clamped-Free Composite Elliptical Shell with a Plate Supported by Two Aluminum Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Levent Kocer, Ismail Demirci and Mehmet Yetmez Vibration Analysis of Carbon Fiber T-Plates with Different Damage Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Ismail Demirci, Levent Kocer and Mehmet Yetmez Mechanical Characteristics of AA5083: AA6013 Weldment Joined With AlSi12 and AlSi5 Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Mehmet Ayvaz and Hakan Cetinel Numeric Simulation of the Penetration of 7.62 mm Armour Piercing Projectile into Ceramic/Composite Armour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Ömer Eksik, Levent Turhan, Enver Yalçın and Volkan Günay In-situ TEM Observation of Deformations in a Single Crystal Sapphire During Nanoindentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Fathi ElFallagh, Aiden Lockwood and Beverley Inkson The Effect of Nanotube Interaction on the Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Filled Nanocomposites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Beril Akin and Halit S. Türkmen An Automatic Process to Identify Features on Boreholes Data by Image Processing Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Fabiana Rodrigues Leta, Esteban Clua, Mauro Biondi, Toni Pacheco and Maria do Socorro de Souza An Optimization Procedure to Estimate the Permittivity of Ferrite-Polymer Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Ramadan Al-Habashi and Zulkifly Abbas Neural Model for Prediction of Tires Eigenfrequencies Zora Jancˇíková, Pavel Koštial, Dana Bakošová, David Seidl, Jirˇi David, Jan Valícˇek and Marta Harnicˇárová Z.Jancˇíková(&)(cid:2)J.David DepartmentofAutomationandComputerScienceinMetallurgy,FacultyofMetallurgyand MaterialsEngineering,VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava,17.listopadu15/217270833 Ostrava-Poruba,CzechRepublic e-mail:[email protected] J.David e-mail:[email protected] P.Koštial DepartmentofMaterialEngineering,FacultyofMetallurgyandMaterialsEngineering, VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava,17.listopadu15/217270833Ostrava-Poruba,Czech Republic e-mail:[email protected] D.Bakošová DepartmentofPhysicalEngineeringofMaterials,FacultyofIndustrialTechnologies, UniversityofAlexanderDubcˇekinTrencˇín,I.Krasku491/3002001Púchov,Slovak Republic e-mail:[email protected] D.Seidl DepartmentofComputerScience,FacultyofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience, VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava,17.listopadu15/217270833Ostrava-Poruba,Czech Republic e-mail:[email protected] J.Valícˇek InstituteofPhysics,FacultyofMiningandGeology,RMTVC,FacultyofMetallurgyand MaterialsEngineering,VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava,17.listopadu15/217270833 Ostrava-Poruba,CzechRepublic e-mail:[email protected] J.Valícˇek RMTVC,FacultyofMetallurgyandMaterialsEngineering,VŠB-TechnicalUniversityof Ostrava,17.listopadu15/217270833Ostrava-Poruba,CzechRepublic M.Harnicˇárová NanotechnologyCentre,VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava,17.listopadu15/217270833 Ostrava-Poruba,CzechRepublic e-mail:[email protected] A.ÖchnserandH.Altenbach(eds.),ExperimentalandNumericalInvestigation 1 ofAdvancedMaterialsandStructures,AdvancedStructuredMaterials41, DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-00506-5_1,(cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2013 2 Z.Jancˇíkováetal. Abstract The work is devoted to the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze eigenfrequencies of personal tires of different construction. Experimental measurements of personal tire eigenfrequencies by electronic speckle interferometry (ESPI) are compared with those previewed by ANN. Very good agreement of both data sets is presented. Keywords Tires (cid:2) Modal analysis (cid:2) Neural networks (cid:2) Speckle interferometry 1 Introduction Important factors in the product development process are the dimensioning of components, the exact determination of material properties, the usage of new materials and the improvement offinite element (FE) calculations. In all of these areas,betterunderstandingofmaterialandcomponentbehaviorisrequired,which certainlyisachallengetoexperimentalmeasuringmethods.Needsforagoodtire are low rolling resistance, proper hysteresis losses, new tread design, high wear resistance compound and new tire construction. Tires are the dominant noise sources in vehicles in typical driving conditions. The tire/road noise emission is never omnidirectional as it is generally assumed when used in road traffic noise calculation models. Theinfluenceoftire-pavementinteractionanditsinfluenceonnoisegeneration were extensively studied in [1]. Onboard sound intensity (OBSI) measurements were taken to quantify the tire pavement noise source strength as a function of pavement parameters. The OBSI results fell into three pavement groupings based on spectral shape. More than other parameters, these groupings were determined bywhetherthepavementwasporousornotandwhetheritwasneworolder.The OBSI results also indicated that single-layer porous pavements were particularly effective at reducing tire pavement noise source strength at frequencies above 1,250 Hz for designs 18–33 mm thick. For a thicker, double-layer porous pave- ment, source strength reductions extended down to 630 Hz. Inthework[2]weredeterminedandcomparedthedirectivitypatternsof noise from various passenger car tires rolling on various pavements. The selection of pavements consisted of ‘‘normal-noise’’ and ‘‘low-noise’’ pavements including experimental poroelastic pavements. The influence of speed, pavement and tire on noiseemissiondirectivitypatternsispresentedanddiscussedinthiswork. In the work [3] coupling texture and noise data, collected with RoboTex and OBSI,respectively,isservingtoadvancethestateoftheart.Thisworkutilizeddata collectedonover1,000uniqueconcretepavementtestsectionslocatedthroughout NorthAmerica.Theultimategoalofthisworkistoidentifythefundamentallinks between texture and noise. In the interim, more relevant phenomenological links are sought that have the potential to be expanded to more fundamental models as more is learned about these complex phenomena. NeuralModelforPredictionofTiresEigenfrequencies 3 The paper [4] presents the measurement and analysis of rolling tire vibrations due to road impact excitations, such as from cobbled roads, junctions between concrete road surface plates, railroad crossings. Vibrations of the tire surface due to road impact excitations cause noise radiation in the frequency band typically below 500 Hz. Tire vibration measurements with a laser Doppler vibrometer are performed on a test set-up based on tire-on-tire principle which allows highly repetitiveandcontrollableimpactexcitationtestsundervariousrealisticoperating conditions. The influence on the measured velocity of random noise, cross sen- sitivityandalignmenterrorsisdiscussed.Anoperationalmodalanalysistechnique is applied on sequential vibration measurements to characterize the dynamic behavioroftherollingtire.Comparisonbetweentheoperationalmodalparameters of the rolling tire and the modal parameters of the non-rolling tire allows an assessment of the changes in dynamic behavior due to rolling. Application of electronic speckle interferometry for measurements of tires eigenfrequencies was described in [5]. Authors studied the large amount of tires with different construction and its influence on the eigenfrequency spectrum. Neuralnetworksaresuitableformodelingofcomplexsystemsespeciallyfrom thereasonthattheirtypicalpropertyiscapabilityoflearningonmeasureddataand capability of generalization. Neural networks are able to appropriately express general properties of data and relations among them and on the contrary to sup- press relationships which occur sporadically or they are not sufficiently reliable andstrong[6].Theapplicationofneuralnetworksinthematerialengineeringand technology were extensively developed also in [7, 8]. In this chapter we present the application of ANN on prediction of eigenfre- quencies ofpersonaltires.Predicteddataarecomparedwiththoseexperimentally obtained by ESPI. 2 Experimental Procedures ESPI records the surface displacement of an object in response to the applied force. ESPI can be used in arrangements where fringes will represent lines of either in-plane or out-of-plane displacement. Theout-of-planeset-upcan bebrieflydescribedasfollows:Alaserlightbeam is split into two. One of the beams, the object beam, is used to illuminate the object. A video camera is then used to monitor the illuminated object. The other beam, which is called the reference beam, is directed in such a way that it inter- sects the view line between the object and video camera. At that point, a partial mirror is used to deflect the reference beam into the video camera making it combine with the light reflected off the object. Due to the monochromatic prop- erties of the laser light, the object and reference beam interfere to produces a unique speckle pattern. The speckle pattern is recorded by the video camera and digitised in a computer in a similar to stereography system.
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