Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics: Quarks and Gluons / Atomic Nuclei / Relativity and Cosmology / Biological Systems PDF
Preview Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics: Quarks and Gluons / Atomic Nuclei / Relativity and Cosmology / Biological Systems
FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series Editor-in-Chief: Walter Greiner Walter Greiner Editor Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics Quarks and Gluons Atomic Nuclei Relativity and Cosmology Biological Systems FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series Editor-in-Chief Walter Greiner, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editorial Board Ernst Bamberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Marc Thilo Figge, Jena, Germany Thomas Haberer, Heidelberg, Germany Volker Lindenstruth, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Joachim Reinhardt, Frankfurt, Germany Klaus Schulten, Urbana, USA Wolf Singer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Horst Stöcker, Darmstadt, Germany For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10781 Walter Greiner Editor Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics Quarks and Gluons Atomic Nuclei Relativity and Cosmology Biological Systems 123 Editor Prof.Dr. Dr.h.c. mult. Walter Greiner Frankfurt InstituteforAdvanced Studies Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt Frankfurt Germany ISBN 978-3-319-00046-6 ISBN 978-3-319-00047-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00047-3 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013932771 (cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthe work. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience?BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Nuclear physics is an exciting, broadly faceted field. It spans a wide range of topics, reaching from nuclear structure physics to high-energy physics, astro- physics, and medical physics (heavy ion tumor therapy). The Symposium on Exciting Physics held from 13 to 20 November 2011 at Makutsi Safari Farm, SouthAfricahasaimedtobringtogetherspecialistsfrommanyofthesefieldsfora constructive dialogue. New developments were presented and the status of research was reviewed. A major focus was put on nuclear structure physics, dealing with superheavy elementsandwithvariousformsofexoticnuclei:strangenuclei,veryneutronrich nuclei, nuclei of antimatter. Also quantum electrodynamics of strong fields was addressed,whichislinkedtotheoccurrenceofgiantnuclearsystemsin,e.g.,U?U collisions.Athighenergiesnuclearphysicsjoinswithelementaryparticlephysics. Various speakers addressed the theory of elementary matter at high densities and temperature, in particular the quark gluon plasma which is predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to occur inhigh-energy heavy ioncollisions. Inthe field of nuclear astrophysics, the properties of neutron stars and quark stars were dis- cussed. A topic which transcends nuclear physics and which is close to my heart was discussed in two talks: The proposed pseudocomplex extension of Einstein’s GeneralRelativityleadstothepredictionthattherearenoblackholesandthatbig bang cosmology has to be revised. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of the conference was further accentuated by talks on protein folding and on magneto- reception in birds and many other animals. Much of the research discussed at the symposium is also conducted at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) which is dedicated to interdisci- plinary theoretical research in the natural sciences. The establishment of FIAS goes back to the initiative of the former president of Frankfurt University, Prof. Rudolf Steinberg, who invited me and the neuroscientist Prof. Wolf Singer (Max Planck Institute for Brain Research) in 2004 to lay the foundation for a new independentbroad-basedresearchinstitute.Tomakethispossiblewehadtosearch for support from funding institutions and also from private sponsors. Very important in this respect was my contact with Prof. Carlo Giersch and his wife v vi Preface Senator h.c. Karin Giersch who sponsored the FIAS-building (see the picture below),tomymindoneofthenicestscientificinstitutesworldwide.Morethan150 scientists (physicists, biologists, chemists, ...) are presently working at FIAS as fellows, guest scientists, doctoral students, etc.; quite a number of them are attending and contributing to this conference. IsuggestedtomySouth-African colleagueandfriend Prof. Zeblon Vilakazi to hold this conferenceat Makutsi, whichI have known fromformer visits. Makutsi givesusthefeelingof‘‘realAfrica’’,notlikethebigtownslikeJohannesburgand Cape Town which represent ‘‘Europe in Africa’’. The Makutsi Safari Farm was founded in the late 1970s by the German Dr.GerhardWeber.Amathematicianbytraining,Dr.WebercametoSouthAfrica on a professional assignment, fell in love with the country and decided to settle there, founding the Makutsi Farm at a wonderful location, combining a beautiful landscape and fascinating wildlife. Dr. Weber organized our lecturing hall in the neighboring camp and the daily trips back and forth through the bushveld: fan- tastic!Oursincerethanksgotohim,hisfamilyandhisstaffforhavingarrangedall this so excellently. My special thanks go also to my Capetown colleagues Dr. Richard Newman and Prof. Zeblon Vilakazi for their cordial help, and in particular to Mrs. Laura Quist,mysecretary,andtoMrs.DanielaRadulescu,our‘chieffinancialofficer’at the Frankfurt Institute für Theoretische Physik. Dr. Joachim Reinhardt in his attentive and reliable way has coordinated and prepared the presentations for the printing. They all helped to make this symposium a success! TheproceedingsoftheMakutsisymposiumarepublishedasthefirstvolumeof the ‘‘FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series’’. This new series of books published TheFrankfurtInstituteforAdvancedStudies Preface vii by Springer-Verlag will comprise monographs, multi-author volumes and con- ference proceedings dedicated to all areas of research pursued at FIAS. I am grateful to Springer-Verlag for making this possible and in particular to Dr. Thorsten Schneider for constructive cooperation and continuous support. Frankfurt, November 2011 Walter Greiner Contents Part I Superheavy Elements Exciting Physics: Superheavy, Superneutronic, Superstrange Nuclear Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Walter Greiner Overview and Perspectives of SHE Research at GSI SHIP. . . . . . . . . 23 Sigurd Hofmann Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms Induced by Heavy Ions. . . . . . . . . . . . 33 M. G. Itkis, I. M. Itkis, G. N. Knyazheva and E. M. Kozulin Search for Superheavy Elements in Nature (Experimental Approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 A. G. Popeko Superheavies: Short-Term Experiments and Far-Reaching Designs. . . 55 V. I. Zagrebaev, A. V. Karpov, I. N. Mishustin and Walter Greiner Superheavy Nuclei: Decay and Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 A. V. Karpov, V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela and Walter Greiner Stability Peninsulas at the Neutron Drip Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Dmitry Gridnev, V. N. Tarasov, K. A. Gridnev, S. Schramm, D. V. Tarasov and W. Greiner Unexpected Strong Decay Mode of Superheavy Nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner ix x Contents Part II Nuclear Structure and Reactions Coupled-Channel Effects in Collisions Between Heavy Ions Near the Coulomb Barrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 C. Beck Collinear Cluster Tri-Partition as a Probe of Clustering in Heavy Nuclei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 D. V. Kamanin, A. A. Alexandrov, I. A. Alexandrova, N. A. Kondtatyev, E. A. Kuznetsova, O. V. Strekalovsky, V. E. Zhuchko, Yu. V. Pyatkov, W. von Oertzen, Yu. E. Lavrova, A. N. Tyukavkin, O. V. Falomkina, N. Jacobs, V. Malaza and Yu. V. Ryabov Pairing Influence in Binary Nuclear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 R. A. Gherghescu, D. N. Poenaru and W. Greiner Chiral Symmetry in Real Nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Obed Shirinda and Elena Lawrie The Fascinating c-Ray World of the Atomic Nucleus: The Evolution of Nuclear Structure in 158Er and the Future of c-Ray Spectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Xiaofeng Wang and Mark A. Riley High Energy-Resolution Experiments with the K600 Magnetic Spectrometer at Intermediate Energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Iyabo Usman Activities at iThemba LABS Cyclotron Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 R. M. Bark, J. Cornell, J. J. Lawrie and Z. Z. Vilakazi Part III High-Energy Nuclear Physics New Forms of High Energy Density Matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Larry McLerran Antinuclei Produced in Relativistic Collisions: Results and Expectations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Thorsten Kollegger and Reinhard Stock RHIC and LHC Phenomena with a Unified Parton Transport . . . . . . 211 Ioannis Bouras, Andrej El, Oliver Fochler, Felix Reining, Florian Senzel, Jan Uphoff, Christian Wesp, Zhe Xu and Carsten Greiner Contents xi The QGP Phase in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 E. L. Bratkovskaya, V. P. Konchakovski, O. Linnyk, W. Cassing, V. Voronyuk and V. D. Toneev Recent HBT Results from a Hybrid Transport Approach to Heavy Ion Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Marcus Bleicher and Gunnar Graef Energy Loss of Heavy Quarks—A Signal of Plasma Properties. . . . . . 243 J. Aichelin The Thermal Model and the Tsallis Distribution at the Large Hadron Collider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 J. Cleymans The Mini Bang and the Big Bang: From Collider to Cosmology. . . . . 261 Bikash Sinha From d-Bars to Antimatter- and Hyperclusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 J. Steinheimer, Zhangbu Xu, P. Rau, C. Sturm and H. Stöcker Part IV Astrophysics, Particle Physics Astronomical Tests of General Relativity and the Pseudo-Complex Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Thomas Boller and Andreas Müller Black Holes or Gray Stars? That’s the Question: Pseudo-Complex General Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Peter O. Hess, W. Greiner, T. Schönenbach and G. Caspar Structure and Cooling of Neutron and Hybrid Stars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 S. Schramm, V. Dexheimer, R. Negreiros, T. Schürhoff and J. Steinheimer Nuclei in Strongly Magnetised Neutron Star Crusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Rana Nandi and Debades Bandyopadhyay Generation Model of Particle Physics and the Parity of the Neutral Pion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Brian Robson
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