Everything's an Argument with Readings

251 Pages·00.67 MB·English

Instructor’s Notes
Everything’s an Argument
with Readings

Instructor’s Notes
Everything’s an Argument
with Readings
Fourth Edition
Andrea A. Lunsford
John J. Ruszkiewicz
Keith Walters
Prepared by John Kinkade, Jodi Egerton,
and Taryne Hallett
Copyright © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho-
tocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the
applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
1 0 9 8 7
fedcba
For information write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street,
Boston, MA 02116 (617-399-4000)
ISBN-10: 0-312-45169-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-312-45169-1
Contents
Introduction xiii
1. Everything Is an Argument 1
2. Arguments from the Heart—Pathos 7
3. Arguments Based on Character —Ethos 10
4. Arguments Based on Facts and Reason —Logos 15
5. Thinking Rhetorically 18
6. Structuring Arguments 21
7. Arguments of Fact 25
8. Arguments of Definition 28
9. Evaluations 32
10. Causal Arguments 35
11. Proposals 38
12. Style in Arguments 41
13. Humor in Arguments 44
14. Visual Arguments 47
15. Presenting Arguments 49
16. What Counts as Evidence 51
17. Fallacies of Argument 53
18. Intellectual Property, Academic Integrity, and Avoiding
Plagiarism 56
19. Evaluating and Using Sources 58
20. Documenting Sources 60
Chapter 21: Who’s the Fairest of Them All? 62
P. Byrnes, It Begins 62
Ellen Goodman, The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji 63
v
Anne E. Becker, Abstract, Discussion,andConclusionof
Television, Disordered Eating, and Young Women in Fiji:
Negotiating Body Image and Identity During Rapid Social
Change 65
Jane Stern, Big, Review of Fat Girl: A True Story
by Judith Moore 67
W. Charisse Goodman, One Picture Is Worth a
Thousand Diets 68
New York Times, Reshaping America: Popular Cosmetic
Procedures, by Sex 70
Rob Walker, Social Lubricant: How A Marketing Campaign
Became the Catalyst for a Societal Debate 71
Meghan Daum, Those Unnerving Ads Using
“Real” Women 72
Guy Trebay, When Did Skivvies Get Rated NC-17? 74
Making a Visual Argument: Three Views on Body Image
Toby Old, From Waterlog: The Beach Series 76
Mikhaela Blake Reid,Your Yucky Body:
A Repair Manual 76
Jason Stirman, Crossroads Baptist Church, Reflections:
Body Image Seminar 76
Chapter 22: How Does the Media Stereotype You? 79
Making a Visual Argument: Artists and Comics
Take On Stereotyping
Geo Vittoratos, Come as Your Favorite Stereotype 79
Latino Comedy Project,Will Stereotype for Food 79
New York Arab-American Comedy Festival,
The Arabs Are Coming! 79
Tania Ralli, Who’s a Looter? In the Storm’s Aftermath, Pictures
Kick Up a Different Kind of Tempest 81
Chong-suk Han, Gay Asian-American Male
Seeks Home 84
David Carr, On Covers of Many Magazines, a Full Racial
Palette Is Still Rare 86
Commercial Closet Association, Mainstream/Business-to-
Business Advertising Best Practices 87
vi
Anne-Marie O’Connor, Not Only Natalee Is Missing: Is the
Media’s Inattention to Missing Women Who Aren’t White
Due to Deliberate Racism or Unconscious Bias? 88
David Bositis, Skin-Deep: What Polls of Minorities Miss 90
William Sea, Advertising Sets Double Standard for the
Male Gender 92
The Onion, Graphic Artist Carefully Assigns Ethnicities to
Anthropomorphic Recyclables 94
Chapter 23: Is Sports Just a Proxy for Politics? 97
Juliet Macur, Rowing Scholarships Available.
No Experience Necessary 98
Jessica Gavora, Time’s Up for Title IX Sports 99
Ruth Conniff, Title IX: Political Football 101
Leslie Heywood, Despite the Positive Rhetoric about
Women’s Sports, Female Athletes Face a Culture
of Sexual Harassment 103
Barbara Munson, Common Themes and Questions about the
Use of “Indian”Logos 105
Jim Shore, Play with Our Name 107
Making a Visual Argument: Editorial Cartoonists Take On
the Use of Native American Mascots and Imagery
Lucy A. Ganje, Reality TV 108
Lalo Alcaraz, But I’m Honoring You, Dude! 108
Thom Little Moon, Which One Is the Mascot? 108
Thad Williamson, Bad As They Wanna Be 110
Tom Sorensen, Dress Code Suitable Only to NBA Suits 112
Larry Stewart, Barkley Fully Supports NBA’s
New Dress Code 113
Bryan Curtis, Cheerleaders: What to Do about Them? 115
Chapter 24: What’s It Like to Be Bilingual in the
United States? 118
Tom Meyer, Just 180 Days to Learn Miwok 118
Janny Scott, Foreign Born in U.S. at Record High 120
Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002
National Survey of Latinos 122
vii
Rolando Briseño, Bicultural Tablesetting 123
Myriam Marquez, Why and When We Speak Spanish
in Public 125
Sandra Cisneros, FromBien Pretty 126
Marjorie Agosín, Always Living in Spanish andEnglish 128
Lan Cao, The Gift of Language 129
Andrea Lo, Finding Myself through Language 130
Mary Pipher, “Language” and“High School” from
The Middle of Everywhere: Helping Refugees
Enter the American Community 131
National Institute of Mental Health, “En la comunidad
Latina tenemos una cultura de silencio” 132
Samuel G. Freedman, It’s Latino Parents Speaking Out on
Bilingual Education Failures 134
Firoozeh Dumas, FromFunny in Farsi: A Memoir
of Growing Up Iranian in America 135
Chapter 25: What Does Your Language Say about
Your Identity? 139
Chicago Women’s Club, Pledge for Children 140
Ariel Dorfman, If Only We All Spoke Two Languages 142
Chang-rae Lee, Mute in an English-Only World 144
Amy Tan, Mother Tongue 144
John Rickford, Suite for Ebony andPhonics 146
David D. Troutt, Defining Who We Are in Society 147
Making a Visual Argument: Public Service Campaigns Use
Language to Send a Message
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign,
He Might Dump Me . . . 149
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign,
You Smoked Weed . . . 149
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign,
Labeled . . . 149
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign,
You Scan Me . . . 149
viii
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign,
Filed under: Pothead . . . 149
Steve Rushin, Hip Unchecked: In Sports and on TV, Sarcasm
and Cynicism Are Drowning Out Sincerity and
Compassion 150
Deborah Tannen, From You’re Wearing That? 151
Making a Visual Argument: Gendering Language: Women
and Men Speaking in New Yorker Cartoons
Mick Stevens, Talk to Me, Alice. I Speak Woman 153
Leo Cullum, The Emergence of Language 153
William Hamilton, Look, All I’m Saying Is . . . 153
Roz Chast, An Excerpt from, Men Are from Belgium,
Woman Are from New Brunswick 153
Pete Steiner, And Do You, Deborah Tannen, Think They
Know What They’re Talking About? 153
Chapter 26: What Role Should Religion Play in
Public Life? 156
Laurie Goodstein, More Religion, but Not the
Old-Time Kind 157
Pew Global Attitudes Project, Among Wealthy Nations . . . ,
U.S. Stands Alone in Its Embrace of Religion 159
Michelle Bryant, Selling Safe Sex in Public Schools 161
Naomi Schaefer Riley, Introduction toGod on the Quad:
How Religious Colleges and the Missionary
Generation Are Changing America 163
Elisabeth Bumiller, Preaching to the Choir?
Not This Time 165
Concerned Faculty, Staff, and Emeriti of Calvin College,
An Open Letter to the President of the United States of
America, George W. Bush 167
Gaylen J. Byker, Reflections on the 2005
Commencement 168
John Zwier, An Opportunity for Intelligent Debate 169
Antonin Scalia, God’s Justice and Ours 170
Randy Cohen, Between the Sexes 172
ix
Mariam Rahmani, Wearing a Head Scarf Is My Choice
as a Muslim; Please Respect It 173
Ad Council, APriest, a Rabbi, and an Imam Are Walking
Down the Street 174
Making a Visual Argument: Public Service Campaigns for
Religious Tolerance
U.S. Department of Justice, Common Muslim American
Head Coverings 176
The SikhNetwork, Sikhs: Proud to Be Americans 176
Anti-Defamation League, Anti-Semitism Is Anti-Me 176
Azar Nafisi, Mysterious Connections That Link
Us Together 178
Chapter 27: What Should “Diversity on Campus”
Mean? 182
Making a Visual Argument: Student-Made Diversity Posters
James Sanders, A Universe Within 183
Stephanie Heyman, Everyone A Part, No One Apart 183
Heidi Small, Lives Woven Together 183
Alyson Jones, What’s Your View? 183
Megan Stampfli, Embrace Diversity 183
Carolyn Woito, Breaking Boxes, Building Bridges 183
Sarah Karnasiewicz, The Campus Crusade for Guys 184
Katherine S. Mangan, Bar Association Moves to
Strengthen Diversity Requirements for Accreditation
of Law Schools 187
Making a Visual Argument: Cartoonists Take On
Affirmative Action
Mike Lester, It’s GOT to Be the Shoes 189
Dennis Draughon, Supreme Irony 189
Mike Thompson, Daniel Lives on
Detroit’s Eastside . . . 189
Signe Wilkinson, Admissions 189
Dean Camp, Pricey 189
Frederick M. Hess, Schools of Reeducation? 191
x