Evaluation of essential oils used in aromatherapy with specific PDF
Preview Evaluation of essential oils used in aromatherapy with specific
Evaluation of essential oils used in aromatherapy with specific reference to antimicrobial activity Dr. Mohd Mujeeb Faculty of Pharmacy,Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi Introduction Essential oils are the odorous principles found in various plant parts.Because they evaporate when exposed to the air at ordinary temperatures,they are called as volatile oils. They are commercially important as the basis of natural perfumes and also of spices and flavourings in food industry. Chemically they may be hydrocarbon, phenol, ketone, aldehyde,ester,alcohol etc. Antimicrobial potential of essential oils Anti-bacterial Anti-fungal Anti-viral Anti-infectious Anti-dandruff Anti-acne History: Anti-Infectious Properties This is the most widely studied area of essential oils; this property is the only one that is really well-known and used regularly. In fact, many people associate ‘aromatherapy’ with ‘anti-infectious therapy’ The capacity of essential oils to neutralize germs is now irrefutable. Experimental studies were undertaken in France by Chamberland as early as 1887. In 1888, Cadeac and Meunier published the results of their own research (Annales de l’Institut Pasteur). Many in-vitro confirmations were performed by pharmacists and doctors; results were conclusive. In his book, Anti septiques Essentials, published in 1938, Phytoconstituents of essential oils have anti-infectious potential Anti-bacterial ,Antifungal and Anti-viral Phenols: Carvacrol, thymol and eugenol Alcohols: Geraniol, linalool, thujanol and myrcenol, terpineol, menthol and piperitol Aldehydes: Neral and geranial (citrals), citronnellal and cuminal Ketones: Verbenone, thujone, borneone (camphor), pinocamphone, cryptone, fenchone, menthone, piperitone and carvone. Ethers: estragole and anethole Oxides: Oxides are mildly anti-infectious. Phtalids are strongly antibacterial. Other molecular groups have no antibacterial effects. Antimicrobial essential oil containing medicinal plants Phenol: Thymol: Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan) thymol Carvacrol: Origanum compactum (Oregano) Origanum heracleoticum (Greek Oregano) Corydothymus capitatus (Spanish Oregano) Satureja montana (Winter or mountain savory) Thymus serpyllum (Wild thyme or mother-of-thyme) Eugenol: Eugenia caryophyllus (Clove tree) Cinnamomum verum – leaf (Ceylon Cinnamon) Ocimum gratissimum (Hot or shrubby basil) Gaiacol: Guajacum officinalis (Gaiac wood) Alcohol: Linalool: Aniba rosaeodora (Rosewood) Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) Lavandula reydovan Geraniol: Cymbopogon martinii (Palmarosa) Thujanol: Origanum majorana (Sweet marjoram or oregano) Borneol: Thymus satureioides (Thym borneol-carvacrol type) Inula graveolens (Sweet inula) Menthol: Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Mentha arvensis (Field mint or cornmint) Citronnellol: Pelargonium asperum (Geranium) Terpineno1 : Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Origanum majorana (Sweet marjoram or oregano) Alpha Terpineol: Ravensara aromatica (Ravensara) Eucalyptus radiata (Black or narrow-leaf peppermint eucalyptus Aldehyde: Cinnamaldehyde: • Cinnamomum verum or zeylandicum (bark) (Ceylon cinnamon (bark)) • Cinnamomum cassia (bark) (Chinese cinnamon (bark) • Cinnamomum loureirii (bark) (Vietnamese cinnamon (bark) Cuminal: • Cuminum cyminum (Cumin) • Eucalyptus polybractea CT cryptone (Blue mallee eucalyptus cryptone type) Phellandral: • Eucalyptus polybractea CT cryptone (Blue mallee eucalyptus cryptone type) Microorganisms used in study Gram+ve bacteria Gram-ve bateria Fungi Staphylococcus Escherichia coli Candida albicans aureus Diplococcus Klebsiella Aspergillus niger pneumoniae pneumoniae Haemophilus Micrococcus flavus Absidia glauca influenzae Streptococcus pyogenes General Methods for Anti- microbial Screening Diffusion Method Cup-plate Cylinder-plate Disc-Plate Dilution Method/Turbidity Media used : Solid Agar and liquid broth culture media C and D Cultures: Aspegillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton lignorum etc.
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