Evaluation of Abaqus/Standard, Helius:MCT, and Abaqus/Explicit for Simulating Progressive ...

128 Pages·2014·4.56 MB·English

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF

Imran Hyder for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering presented on
September 22, 2014.

Title: Evaluation of Abaqus for Simulating Quasi-Static Mode III Shear of Edge Notched Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Panels.

Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________
John P. Parmigiani

The ability to engineer stiffness and strength in any desired direction make composites an ideal
material candidate for various applications when compared to their traditional isotropic
counterparts. In spite of this, the ability to model the material response in composites has yet to be
fully explored. Composite research largely focuses on in-plane conditions and research involving
modeling Mode III (out-of-plane shear) is limited. Mode III occurs when adjacent sections of a
plate are displaced in opposite out-of-plane directions, thus causing through-thickness tearing.
Mode III can potentially lead to catastrophic failure for composite designs with inadequate out-of-
plane transverse properties exposed to excessive out-of-plane loads. This can be countered by
overdesigning a structure, but at the cost of sacrificing efficiency. Hence it is necessary to have
models to appropriately capture material behavior during loading for design and analytical
purposes. Commercial finite element (FE) packages are available for simulating various loading
conditions, but there has not been an assessment of their applicability for composites enduring
Mode III. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a commercial finite element package,
Abaqus, for modeling Mode III loading of edge notched Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer panels
using previously conducted experiments as a metric. Six ply layups were considered and were
composed of either 20 or 40 unidirectional plies. For each thickness, 10%, 30%, and 50% zero-
degree panels were studied. Panels also included 45, -45, and 90 degree plies. This investigation
was divided into two studies: Evaluation of finite element analysis (FEA) prior to visible damage
initiation and evaluation of FEA for progressive failure simulation. The first study utilized strain
fields obtained from Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and load versus displacement profiles
retrieved from experiments to evaluate elastic based FEA conducted with Abaqus/Standard.
Abaqus/Standard was able to simulate strain fields roughly within 30% with the exception of small
regions near the notch tip and predict the loads with a percent difference of 20%. The 50% zero-
degree panels was an exception in which large discrepancies occurred between experiments and
FEA. The second study involved assessing Abaqus/Standard, Abaqus/Standard with the add-in
Helius:MCT, and Abaqus/Explicit for simulating progressive failure analyses. Experimentally
obtained load versus displacement profiles, damage paths, and maximum loads were used as a
metric to evaluate the solvers. It was found that the solvers were not able to predict the complete
damage paths. However, Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit were able to predict the maximum
loads with a percent difference of 20%. Helius:MCT experienced convergence failures using
default settings. Although accuracy and predictive capabilities were limited, the solvers were able
to provide reasonable approximations for the material behavior.
© Copyright by Imran Hyder
September 22, 2014
All Rights Reserved
Evaluation of Abaqus for Simulating Quasi-Static Mode III Shear of Edge Notched Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polymer Panels

by
Imran Hyder

A THESIS

submitted to

Oregon State University

in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the
degree of

Master of Science

Presented September 22, 2014
Commencement June 2015
Master of Science thesis of Imran Hyder presented on September 22, 2014

APPROVED:

Major Professor, representing Mechanical Engineering

Head of the School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering

Dean of the Graduate School

I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State
University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon
request.

Imran Hyder, Author
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like expresses sincere appreciation to Dr. Parmigiani, Dr. Warnes, Dr. Bay, and Dr.
Albertani for supporting me during my academic career. I would like to thank the Boeing
Company and the FAA for funding my research. I would also like to thank my lab mates Jesus
Meraz, Yesenia Torres, Rajib Alum, Halsey Ostergaard, Levi Suryan, Mitch Daniels, Patrick
Dailey, Nasko Atanasov, and Bruce Bingham for constantly setting the bar for higher expectations.
Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family back home who kept pushing me to succeed.
CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS

Nasko Atanasov was involved with the introduction and provided all information related to
Helius:MCT for Chapter 3. Dr. John Parmigiani was involved in supporting and providing
feedback for Chapter 2 and 3.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Chapter 1: General Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2: Evaluation of Abaqus/Standard for Modeling Quasi-Static Mode III Shear of Edge
Notched Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Panels Prior to the Onset of Visible Damage ........... 3
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3
2.1.1 Motivation, Challenge, and Scope .................................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 4
2.1.3 Contribution .................................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Experimental Equipment and Setup ................................................................................ 9
2.2.2 Materials ........................................................................................................................ 11
2.2.3 Finite Element Model .................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4 Experiment and FEA Comparison ................................................................................ 14
2.3 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................................ 15
2.3.1 DIC and FEA Strain Field Comparisons ....................................................................... 15
2.3.2 Experimental and FEA Load versus Displacement Comparisons ................................ 18
2.3.3 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 18
2.4. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.5. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 24
2.6 References ........................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 3: Evaluation of Abaqus/Standard, Helius:MCT, and Abaqus/Explicit for Simulating
Progressive Failure of Edge Notched Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Panels Experiencing
Quasi-Static Mode III Shear ......................................................................................................... 47
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 47
3.1.1 Motivation, Challenge, and Scope ................................................................................ 47
3.1.2 Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 49
3.1.3 Contribution .................................................................................................................. 52
3.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 53
3.2.1 Experimental Specimens ............................................................................................... 53
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

Page

3.2.2 General Finite Element Model ...................................................................................... 55
3.2.3 Finite Element Analysis Specific to Abaqus/Standard ................................................. 58
3.2.4 Finite Element Analysis Specific to Abaqus/Standard with Helius:MCT .................... 61
3.2.5 Finite Element Analysis Specific to Abaqus/Explicit ................................................... 63
3.2.6 Validating FE Models with Experimental Specimen .................................................... 65
3.3 Results and Discussions ....................................................................................................... 67
3.3.1 Load versus Displacement and Damage Path Comparisons near the Notch Tip at
Maximum Load for Single Element Layer Analyses ............................................................. 67
3.3.2 Final Damage Path Comparisons for Single Element Layer Analyses ......................... 70
3.3.3 Maximum Load Comparison ........................................................................................ 72
3.3.4 Summary of the Multiple Element Layers through the Thickness Models .................. 73
3.3.5 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 75
3.4 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 81
3.5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 83
3.6 References ........................................................................................................................... 84
Chapter 4: General Conclusion ................................................................................................... 106
Chapter 5: Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 108