Evaluating Theory-Practice and Urban-Rural Interplay in Planning PDF
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Evaluating Theory-Practice and Urban-Rural Interplay in Planning The GeoJournal Library Volume 37 Managing Editors: Herman van der Wusten, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Olga Gritsai, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Editorial Board: Paul Claval, France R. G. Crane, U.S.A. Yehuda Gradus, Israel Risto Laulajainen, Sweden Gerd LOttig, Germany Walther Manshard, Germany Osamu Nishikawa, Japan Peter Tyson, South Africa The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Evaluating Theory-Practice and Urban-Rural Interplay in Planning edited by DINO BORRI Department of Arehitecture and Urban Planning, Polytechnie University of Bari, Italy ABDUL KHAKEE Department of Politieal Seienee, University of Ume;§., Sweden and COSIMO LACIRIGNOLA Medite"anean Agronomie Institute, Valenzano, Italy SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evaluating theory-practice and urban-rural interplay in planning edited by Dino Borri and Abdul Khakee and Cosimo Lacirignol~. p. CII. -- (GeoJournal library ; v. 37) Selected papers presented at a workshop held at the Centre international de hautes etudes agronomiques mediterraneenes (CIHEAM), Valenzano (Bari), Nov. 1993. ISBN 978-94-010-6297-8 ISBN 978-94-011-5462-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5462-8 1. Regional planning--Environmental aspects--Congresses, 2. City planning--Environmental aspects--Congresses. 3. Environmental policy--Congresses. 4. Sustainable development--Congresses. 1. Borri, D. (Dfno) 11. Khakee, Abdul. II!. Lacirignola. Cosillo. IV. Series. HT391 . E93 1997 307. 1 • 2--dc21 96-39537 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. To the memory of Professor Giovanni Grittani CONTENTS Preface Xln Introduction xv PART I THEORY AND METHODS 1 Evaluating communicative planning 3 Andreas Faludi and Will em Korthals Altes 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 The purpose of planning 4 1.3 The quality of decisions 7 1.4 Communication 9 1.5 Conformance versus performance 12 1.6 Conclusions 17 2 On the role of will-shaping in planning evaluation 23 HenkVoogd 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Characteristics of planning evaluation 24 2.3 Some theoretical observations 25 2.4 Structuring the evaluation process 27 2.5 Some concluding remarks 30 3 Integrating environmental assessment with development planning 35 Nathaniel Lichfield 3.1 Focus 35 3.2 Evolution of impact assessment on projects to plans, policies and 36 programmes 3.3 Methodology of SEA 37 3.4 Role of evaluation in the planning process 38 3.5 Strategic environmental assessment and strategic plan evaluation 41 VIII CONTENTS 4 Evaluation in environmental conservation planning 45 Luigi Fusco Girard 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Valorization and Market 46 4.3 Environmental resources evaluation 47 4.4 The different economic values of environmental/cultural resources 49 4.5 Evaluation in the strategies for public/private conflict resolution 50 4.6 Multicriteria evaluation in conflict solving 52 4.7 Conclusions 53 5 Evaluating sustainability: three paradigms 57 Silvia Macchi and Enzo Scandurra 5.1 From unlimited growth to sustainable development 57 5.2 The culture of evaluation 59 6 Ecology, landscape ecology, environmental evaluation and planning 67 Vittorio Ingegnoli 6.1 Introduction 67 6.2 Environment and planning in Italy: a historical perspective 68 6.3 Some principle of advanced ecology 69 6.4 Consequences of ecological theory on environmental evaluation and 70 planning 6.5 Obstacles to scientific information in planning processes 73 6.6 Ecological applications: some new indexes, available also for planning 75 PART II PRACTICE 7 Beyond dialogue to transformative learning: how deliberative rituals 81 encourage political judgment in community planning processes John Forester 7.1 Introduction 81 7.2 Two powerful models that help, but don't help enough: beyond 82 understanding and dialogue to practical transformation 7.3 The importance of messiness: letting the details surprise and teach us 83 7.4 Letting stories supplement our limited rationality: 85 reminding ourselves via ritual performance 7.5 Learning about value in ritualized story-telling processes 87 CONTENTS IX 7.6 Transforming relationships and identities 87 7.7 Transforming issues and agendas 88 7.8 Transforming ends: what's at stake 88 7.9 The ritual structuring of unpredictability as the ground for learning, or 89 decision-making when interests, parties and priorities are changing 7.10 From garbage cans to transformative rituals 90 7.11 Learning from structured complexity: rituals as aids to dialogic and 93 deliberative rationality 7.12 Acknowledging others: encouraging a politically deliberative 95 community 7.13 Conclusion: the significance of ritual in participatory and deliberative 96 settings 8 Assessing the political dimension of structure planning process 105 Abdul Khakee 8.1 Introduction 105 8.2 The political nature of the structure plan 106 8.3 Theoretical premises 107 8.4 Empirical analysis 109 8.5 Politics of planning 110 8.6 Concluding reflections 114 9 Evaluation of qualities in spatial planning processes 117 Riccardo Roscelli 9.1 Plan as a process of change 117 9.2 Evaluation procedures 119 9.3 Concluding remarks 121 10 Problems of urban land-use and transportation planning: 123 cognition and evaluation models Angela Barbanente, Dino Borri and Valeria Monno 10.1 Introduction 123 10.2 Sustainability and transport planning 123 10.3 Land use and transportation planning: seeking an 127 environmental-oriented integration 10.4 Expert cognitive models for managing land-use environment conflicts 131 in transportation problems 10.5 Conclusions 135 x CONTENTS 11 Criteria for choice and evaluation procedures: 141 the case of urban transport infrastructures Donato Caiulo. Francesca Pace and Francesco Selicato 11.1 Introduction 141 11.2 North-south arterial road in Bari 141 11.3 Brindisi: the Pittachi Road 144 11.4 From decision taking to realization: comparison of the two cases 146 11.5 Evaluation procedures 149 11.6 Conclusions 150 PART III ENVIRONMENT AL POLICIES AND URBAN RURAL INTERPLAY 12 Environmental considerations in minerals planning: 157 theory versus practice Simin Davoudi 12.1 Introduction 157 12.2 Environmentalism and planning, a historical perspective 157 12.3 Development plans and sustainable development 159 12.4 Minerals planning 160 12.5 Conclusion 163 13 Operationalizing environmental considerations in the 167 British planning system Patsy Healey and Tim Shaw 13.1 Introduction 167 13.2 The planning system, plans and environment 168 13.3 The contemporary environmental agenda: 169 sustainable development and ecological modernisation 13.4 Environmental sustainability and planning debate 172 13.5 The treatment of "environment" in development plans: 1940s - 1990s 174 13.6 Environment, economy and planning 183 13.7 "Entrenching" environmental sustainability conceptions 184 within the planning system CONTENTS Xl 14 Landscape evaluation and planning in the Veneto region 193 Giorgio Franceschetti and Tiziano Tempesta 14.1 Introduction 193 14.2 Individual preferences and public aims of protecting the landscape 194 14.3 The effects of landscape protection on real-estate values: 197 the case of the Colli Euganei Regional Park 14.4 Conclusion 205 15 Evaluating functions in urban-rural areas 209 Giovanna De Fano and Giovanni Grittani 15.1 Introduction 209 15.2 The functions of peripheral farming 209 14.3 The evaluation approach 210 15.4 Conclusions 213 16 A method for the evaluation of a large area: 217 the case of central Apulia system Sebastiano Carbonara 16.1 Conceptual framework of the analysis 217 16.2 The analysis phase to date 220 16.3 Identified sub-areas and indicators 225 16.4 The evaluative assumption 227 17 Planning in urbanized areas under natural risk 231 Francesco Gentile, Fabio Milillo and Giuliana Trisorio-Liuzzi 17 .1 Preliminary remarks 231 17.2 Criteria for the inclusion in planning schemes of areas subject 237 to risk generated by natural phenomena 17.3 Conclusions 244
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