Essentials of Physical Anthropology

454 Pages·2010·64.91 MB·English

by  Robert Jurmain

major Fossil hominin Sites
180° 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°W 80°W 60°W 40°W 20°W 0°
80°N
GREENLAND
(KALAALLIT NUNAAT)
(Den.)
ARCTIC OCEAN
ALASKA
(U.S.) ICELAND
60°N
UNITED
CANADA KINGDOM
IRELAND
Swanscombe
Boxgrove
St. Césaire
FRANCE
La Chapelle
Cro Magnon SWITZERLAND
Atapuerca
40°N UNITED STATES PORTUGAL SPAIN
AZORE IS.
Atlantic (Port.) Salé
Rabat
Ocean CAN(SApR.)Y IS. MOROCCO ALGERIA
TROPIC OF CANCER BAHAMAS
MEXICO
20°N H(AUW.S.A)II Pacific GUAELT ESMAALVLAADORBHELONIZNIECDAURRCAAJUSGABMUAAAICAHAITIANNRETIPCTIDLUHLOOEEE SMRR(U TL(IAONN.SNeI.C)tDhA.AS)NNTG DGRTRUOMIEIRGNPAEBMAU.INDADRIANERAAT LIBI&DNDOCA AIAB&UQDAP OUTEROES B( BFU(FrAD.r).GA)O CAPE VEGRDUIGEN AEISAM. BBIIASSSEAMNUEAGUAGLRUITINAENAIAB U FRMAKSIANOLAA I
Ocean COSTA RICPAANAMACOLOMVBIEANEZUELAGUYAN SURINFAREMNECH(F rG.)UIANA SIERRA LEONLIBEERIA CIVOOARSYTGHAN TOGO
A EQUATORIAL GUINEA
EQUATOR
0° ECUADOR
GALAPAGOS IS. SAO TOME
(Ecuador) & PRINCIPE
BRAZIL
WSAESMTOERAN PERU Atlantic
SAAMMOERAIC (AUN.S.) SOCIETY IS. POFRLYENNCESHIA Ocean
TONGA (Fr.) TAHITI (Fr.) (Fr.) BOLIVIA
20°S
PARA
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN GU
PITC(UA.IKRN.) IS. CHILE AY
EASTER ISLAND
(Chile)
URUGUAY
ARGENTINA
40°S
0 500 1000 1500 miles
FALKLAND IS.
0 1000 2000 km (U.K.)
Equatorial Scale
60°S
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
80°S
180° 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°W 80°W 60°W 40°W 20°W 0°
major Fossil hominin Sites
180° 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°1W80° 160°8W0°W 140°W60°W 120°W40°W 100°W20°W 80°W 0° 60°W20°E 40°W40°E 20°W60°E 0° 80°E 20°E100°E 40°E120°E 60°E140°E 801°6E0°E 18100°0°E 120°E 140°E 160°E 180°
80°N 80°N Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean 80°N 80°N
GREENLAND GREENLAND
(KALAALLIT NUNAAT) (KALAALLIT NUNAAT)
(Den.) (Den.)
60°N A(LUA.SSK.)A 60°N A(LUA.SSK.)A ICELAND ARCUTNICIT E ODCEAN NORWAY SWEDEN FINICLEAESTLNOADNNIDA ARUCNTICIT E SCDIuRCnLgEirNORWAY SWEDEN FINLEASTNODNRIAUSSIA RUSSIA ARCTIC CIRCLE 60°N 60°N
40°N 40°N UNICTEADN ASTDAATES UNICTAOAEDtNlc aASeTDnAaAtTinEcS AZ(OPoRrEt. )IS. CAN(SApR.)Y IS.SAPIRCROLwtAEaLRraOaASaTopN bUBtntC uKDGM.aMSlosI cOeNhACtaRcaxGaLraOeogéclDgCépnOmaSrsCneaoPMOaAotbl vilIirneneNeecFASRWNALBIGEETNDZLTS.CEEEHCNRLE.RTTpULGMAAUeKIXyAiEN.ANgCprRrDRZMaIahrKSEaAgCHIpAIeATNHNnZoAAi(ne PnORYU1eoLEoii SRaYPPfdra2.E.Ot(R. e)nLHIuLS3MAsISUld..BLb)NNOYe4lGeCDVG6aRLAAAr.I5OrRTSKd NHgEMIV(BALSUeAEkAE PA pBACLaRU(TchUN.ANVYM)EelKL,IIROIu lAAGAI UteRSPa MlrA.SCa/AyEaRIOuTYrRPLsAIGIPleALE(OENeaoEDReBLImIUdYROSArAREbnSRT)TPENVmNUuAauMK)UATODEGOnIdoRLNNRADAKsGOLJRGSEOtCmJQDMíYEYCR,eSOOPREA IODaaNNDRIb M AAfGnIezANIoIRAieslA l nihAQFíSLB RAWAGVAZNBHISEENTEEeRDRZLTRAChB.ELsHEUIANIRKE.NatATXLUGIMoJUA.EnAIWARNNnTRNUiMRAADdIiMCRKScIUA ZKTNaII EAeZNMTeC rABAYEH U dE1NKL SRSKYPIiASE2.(IOePRTtSHLA.uZeTAL3asISUNFAAA.LBr)ON G TNNr4VYKH6GGADaLeAAK.5HIRRTINsAnOHIEPBS LUSMEhEAAeBTTACLTAKUUiAANAVaEIkNLNIISKRAGAN nI TUATRMAATCSE KAAROYaNLGYIPJLEIAs IRDRNIBSKTYUOGAhRUIESSPAVNYTRAETOZALKSNNTEAAJRYSNOGMYEREORDNNRAIEIGIAAPNRIAAA L QBABAHZHMEURRTAOBAAIKNNNIUJIAWRGNOAATZOUIUTKNrhRZLdKABIoMALoEZuEKasNACkISnISKoATHTtFAHAuiGaNNISHdJ NnATiinaANAPInnHNSATiKeuAINxsSD TiThKaAAaaYJnNIRlnKiG ISYTZASNTNKAOONKSRROOETNAUHREETAHPAL BHMUTOANNGJAOLPIAANCHINA NKOOKSRROOET4UAHR0ET°HAN JAPAN OPacceiafinc 40°N
TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER BAHAMAS BAHAMAS QATAR U.A.E. BANGLADQESAHTAR U.A.E. Liujiang Maba TABIAWNAGNLADESH TROTPAICIW OAF CNANCER TROPIC OF CANCER
0° WS22AET00SMO°°TNTSOENERRQAOGNUPAIACSATA OOMMFROE RCAIC A(AUPN.RSI.C)ORNHSO(AUCW(.FISEr.AT.))YII ISTA.HITI (Fr.) 0P°OFOPWRLS22(YEAFE00TNNarSMO°.°CTcE)NTSOENSERHcRIQOAGeANUAPiIAaCfiSTAA POOMIMncTFRCOE( URACAI.IC KRA(AUN.P)N.R SIS.IC).ORNSHO(AUCW(.IFSErA.T.))YIEI IATSAS.TH(ECITRhI iI(lSFeLr)A.M)NGEGDAXUL(AIEAECLcTP PuEAOSaOMFAGdOPRLoALO(YEVrCFLS)NaNArAO .IcCSED)S.SHcOTIeAARi RBaHfiIECELOPNPIACAZInNcTIECNUCD(UAAAUA.IRRKRMDCAAN.)JUAOSGCA IBSMURAO.AALICOPCAHEMAHRITIVBUILAIEENNARNETIPCTIDLUHELOEOEEEBAZ SMRR(SU OTUL(ITAONN.(ESECNeIR.LCh)tLD hIAiIA.lASSVe)NLNP)MTAG DIGAGURYTRAANNUOMIEIARRGN PAEDGEBMAAGU.INDADXGARIAUNERAATUL( SLIABIIEEA&ADNDOCUACYcLT PAIABRuB&U QDEASIOAaP NOMUTRFGAEdROARES BoAOL(E AMBFUV(rNCLFSr)ADEA.Ar OC).GIAZ)SDH(SOF. OIrTG.LA)RU IRABHIENCOELPANIACZANIEUCNDAAUARRMDCAAUJAOGACSBMRUOAAALICOPACHCEMAAHRIPTBUVIIELIA EAVENNNRETEDIPCGIRTLUEOOHLDUEBEZEM RISG(ERNUUTO IL (SONA.NAEISSEIAMI.NeELC).Lt DRhIBABA.SVRII)ANASSPANS IEGTDAGURYGA ATMANRMNOLAEUIRRI GUENPAAEAMEBAU.ONIRGDAGDIANTAEURUANALI SLINB&DAAICDOGULBRYAEAI AO BQBUREU&DIATPIURO INFRNTERtEAIROS BAA (EE(lFUBAFNcAMNrrADa.E.)E)CGAIQZeACHO(IVFUOBn IrGOA U.aL A)UFTRRMStAOYIKATSiInARNNOIGAHcALANAA IL GTS&OUABE NINP IOGNRCIO E(WNT(dANASAOeCAtnBatIeMLIgtIGPNruVNomEEsIS lDEGiItanCo GBA)Re AAAbdIBeE)YCPAOAERMNN EVRAOCEOGONMA RNAFCUGDNOI TBAOIEGHlNGOIoFa AASCITDERtAFOSrAIuAMIES EEC.lTioRDLNcM OsFRBnHABKAEarRBTIROIEPbUNAgSoORSIeaUA ZTCCSTCSAE aRAsBRn WHAMbANTROWALLLNEdA Ma-AUEIEPwNCuAMAOTtG.BSGINgUCIZeNiALnUASeOIDIGeLURBMEcDAnULtEGInEBeTRIAaNSAAB AIESrBOAHlNEQBNWkUlNoTATaWURADfiHArlIoUABMNClAAOIdEZsMVNHTnOOIZAZOoLeOADAAtAKMaLREdBIrReIANNIESETO AdQYoKNTRiOWCDUHILnAEaIE TYl aIIdaB /mRrOA MAHNGSaA UE n u vA FRPos CAwaeA vMKGIAT&StOASSpLOIa BAaEUD NNIRYONIAaP MiGoOJIMiAdERrNAI/UBnCOO tIMi(LWBE(SNNOTddAAkSADAOdOeIRtEACaUnABlatrMIIDMeOeNLIg ATtIGNaPLueVrNIWIomAEEAs SI nS lGDtEAIita nGooGIBARAs)eeS Awbdl.AB/IeEsYiC)ADOAaNSRtSOM NECrsEARTMiCOYAhAmOAMuON CN N RMCGNHr(O IoABkAHEAHOGFlILaeDCRUAFrLAAeSOIE EEaRnRnCTONMFrSDEIHLAmaTtRPBTAOEUIoNURUOI TCiCZCAT S,BMRSsRRW OHLAWLAAIN AEDA,AICNP nMATLBS. iGIDNkCZBUOoIdDIiVIMkUAAuDELGaBSEirAASAS)iBa,OWBUNT NWTRAADHUnIMZAENONMNIOLZAZKADA ELMDIAENBATI ENDQHNRWIU AIYEITI IOARAOESPAARCISAIOcR DALYMJAAMEIUeBONMSBOAMDORUKIE(MaODAYBAITNALIIUAASA RnN IGMSM.AA A)SORSCEMYAASN CRTuMHHmLSEAAAaLUaIOtLLrEARanCSMSINTAgIDAMUiSrMSBILaNIOAAGnVnDLYAIDEBITAPMSTIRdVIONUrAINERiAANCnSEiAMEiDHaUNIlONgBONIFnoNGiaral noNKn heDOrod eNECIo GsASnaOPgHvSAIRAIeLIUIc PLPASIeNNMLTEKaaYSR(BAAkUOPANnReMM LaA MAIc)ARcueFnEOiSTDguafiFHmEoL NAMARancEAIOtILrWCCPATaSMNAERA NMGDOIPOMSADUAU (SLNSRUBALIARINNTTEO.AIVNAHSAGSEDI.YATIEDANE)ABIERPTSASMRASONNIUCAIRANCNAAEALEMNUHEI(DFDOErTBWON.OR)oSGNOrOI nSKINPAeLLOIOAoCNE NVMGOMAPDSORFEAHNS EQNACIRUPIUALSAUAUIHAPPBTRATLUPISOICLCILNROT OISRER2FLTN2S0AU F0AT°INVN°HJSIADELLSIUA0°FEODFE NMREAIWCPTNAER MGDOIPOSUAU (NLSRUAIRANTTE.IANHSSAE.AITEDNA)ERSASNCALNE(FDErTWO.)RSNOOIISAPLLIOACNV MOMADOREFANSQEN RCUPUSUAAHABPTATURLOILICCLR OOIS2RFLT20NA UF0T°IVNHN°JSIADELSU0°
URUGUAY URUGUAY Klasies River Mouth
ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Kow Swamp NEW NEW
40°S 40°S ZEALAND 40°S ZEALAND40°S
0 500 1000 1500 miles 0 500 1000 1500 miles 12.. SCLROOVAETNIAIA 12.. SCLROOVAETNIAIA
0 1000 2000 km 0 1000 2000 kms FALK(ULA.KN.)D IS. FALK(ULA.KN.)D IS. 345... BAMOLABSCANENIDAIAO ANNIAD HERZEGOVINA 345... BAMOLABSCANENDIAIOA ANNIAD HERZEGOVINA
Equatorial Scale Equatorial Scale 6. SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO 6. SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
60°S 60°S 60°S 60°S
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ANTARCTIC CIRCLE ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
ANTARCTICA ANTARCTICA
80°S 80°S 80°S 80°S
180° 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°1W80° 1608°W0°W 140°W60°W 120°W40°W 100°W20°W 80°W 0° 60°W20°E 40°W40°E 20°W60°E 0° 80°E 20°E100°E 40°E120°E 60°E140°E 801°6E0°E 18100°0°E 120°E 140°E 160°E 180°
9780840032591_cvr_se.indd 2 1/29/10 12:04:49 PM
20°E 40°E 60°E 80°E 100°E 120°E 140°E 160°E 180°
Arctic Ocean
80°N
NORWAY WEDEN FINLAND RUSSIA ARCTIC CIRCLE
S
ESTONIA Sungir 60°N
FASRWNALBIGEETNDZLTS.CEEEHCNRLE.RTTpULGMAAUeKIXyAiEN.ANgCprRrDRZMaIahrKSEaAgCHIpIeATNHNnoAAine nRYU1eoLEii SaYPPfda2..O(RenLHuL3MAsISUld.BLb)NNOYe4lGeDVG6aRLAAr.I5OrRTSKd HgEMIVBALUeEkAE PA BACLaU(TchUNANVMEelKL,IIROIulAAGA UteRPa MlrASCa/AyaROuTYrLsAIIPleALENeaoDReBImUdOSArEbnSR)TNVmuAauUAOEndoRLNDAKsJRGSEOtmJQMíYEYR,eORE DaaNDRIbAAfGnIezANIoIRAieslA l nihQí AVZSEeRhBsAKatUIoJnAIWRnTNUiAAdiRcIUKTNaeZMrBEENKKIASITSAZTANFAA GTNKHeAHNsIPSShATTKiAAIkNSN TTATKAaNYJs RIKGhISYTZASNTANNEPAL BHMUTOANNGOZOrhLdIoALouasCknoHtiuaIdJNniinaAnnHieuxsDihaaanlni NKOOKSRROOETAUHRETAH JAPAN 40°N
EGYPT BAHRAIN
QATAR U.A.E. BANGLADESH Liujiang Maba TAIWAN TROPIC OF CANCER
SAUDI Pacific
Toros-Menalla ARABIA OMAN INDIA M(YBUARNMMAA)R LAOS MACAHUONG KONG OceanNORTHERN 20°N
NIGER MARIANA
EQUATORIAL GTOUBENIN IGNOENAIGERICAAMEROON CAHFCRAIECDNATNRA RLEP.SUUDGAANNDBAHoaEdETdoKROHaIETaImRrOaEnAPsoaMItAp DYaioJdEIBnMiSOddOEUlMeN ATLIWIA Aewsat sThu r(kAHareanrmatoi,Ms D,A LBiDkoIiVkuEaSr)i, SRI LANKA THAILACMNADAMBLOAVDYIEBIASTRNUIAANMEINBoiranheo CaPHvIeLIPPINES FEODFE MRAICTERDOIS (NLSUATE.NASS.TID)AESS MRAERPSUHBALILCL OISFLA TNHDES
S&A PORCI (NTAAOCnBMIgIPNoEElDGaA)ABONCOANGNO GODFO ETRLMHAEOEPU CCRBTROWLAINCuATGINgCODeAn BHUTRAilUMNlsNZADAKLIANEONWIAYlIdAuCvOaMi/OLRaOeSt oISl.iSEYCHELLES Indian Ocean SumSaatrangiSrIaNGnATPIOrNRinEiDNl gOFaloNnrdeEosSngIA NEWPA GPUUAINEA SOISLLOANMDOESQNUATOR TUVALU0°
NAMIBIA KaZAWbANA MwBIZeAIMBABWEMOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCARMAURITIUS CALNE(FDErWO.)NIAVANUATU 2F0I°JSI
W(SAtaLtuVsIS to B AbeY TaunBgOTS Sterkfontein/Swartkrans/Drimolen AUSTRALIA TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
determined)
Florisbad LESSOWTHAOZILAND
SOUTH Border Cave
AFRICA Lake Mungo
Klasies River Mouth
Kow Swamp NEW
ZEALAND
40°S
1. SLOVENIA
2. CROATIA
3. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
4. ALBANIA
5. MACEDONIA
6. SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
60°S
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
ANTARCTICA
80°S
20°E 40°E 60°E 80°E 100°E 120°E 140°E 160°E 180°
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Essentials
of Physical
Anthropology
This page intentionally left blank
Essentials
of Physical
Anthropology
eighth eDitiON
Robert Jurmain
Professor Emeritus, San Jose State University
Lynn Kilgore
University of Colorado, Boulder
Wenda Trevathan
New Mexico State University
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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