Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2e PDF
Preview Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2e
Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pocket Essentials Series Editors Professor Parveen Kumar Professor of Medicine and Education, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, and Honorary Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist, Barts and the London NHS Trust and Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Dr Michael Clark Honorary Senior Lecturer, Barts and the London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, UK For Elsevier Commissioning Editor: Pauline Graham Development Editor: Catherine Jackson Project Manager: Sukanthi Sukumar Designers: Stewart Larking, Miles Hitchen Illustration Manager: Bruce Hogarth Illustrator: EPS Inc. Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology SECOND EDITION Barry O’Reilly MD FRCOG FRANZCOG Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland Cecilia Bottomley MA MB BChir MRCOG Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital Trust, London, UK Janice Rymer MD MRCOG FRANZCOG ILTM Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guy’s, Kings’ and St Thomas’ Hospital Trust, London, UK EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST LOUIS SYDNEY TORONTO 2012 © 2012, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Centre and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 2005 Second edition 2012 ISBN 978 0 7020 4361 1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. The Publisher's policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed in China Series preface Medical students and doctors in training are expected to travel to different hospitals and community health centres as part of their education. Many books are too large to carry around, but the information they contain is often vital for the basic understanding of disease processes. The Pocket Essentials series is designed to provide portable, pocket- sized companions to larger texts, such as our own Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine. They are most useful for clinical practice, whether in hospital or the community, and for exam revision. All the books in the series have the same helpful features: l succinct text l simple line drawings l emergency and other boxes l tables that summarize causes and clinical features of disease l exam questions and answers. They contain core material for quick revision, easy reference and practical management. The format makes them easy to read, providing an indis- pensable ’pocket essential’. Parveen Kumar and Michael Clark Series Editors v This page intentionally left blank Preface This is the second edition of the very successful Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This book continues to fill the gap for a compact textbook that gives a concise yet comprehensive account of all topics covered by undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. It has a strong emphasis on obstetric and gynaecological management, in particular through the use of management flow charts and in the emergency and procedures section. This book has three strengths – it is a pocket book and therefore easy to carry around with you at all times, it is a part of a well-recognized series, and it is written by three authors who have been actively practising obstet- rics and gynaecology at consultant level for many years, and are actively involved in undergraduate and postgraduate education. The information is easy to access, easy to read, evidence-based and very up to date. The information available on the web and the Cochrane database, as well as college guidelines, have been the lynchpin of our information but we have collated it to provide a comprehensive cover of obstetrics and gyn- aecology, concentrating on the core curriculum. In addition we have included sample examination questions, which inevitably assist learning. In this latest edition we have modified the ques- tion section to the newer exam format of ‘single best answer’ and ‘extended matching’ questions, which will be invaluable to all those taking examina- tions in obstetrics and gynaecology. We would like to thank Mike Clark and Parveen Kumar for their support in the preparation of this latest in the Pocket Essentials series. Barry O’Reilly Janice Rymer Cecilia Bottomley vii This page intentionally left blank Contents Section 1 – History-taking and examination in obstetrics and gynaecology 1 Gynaecology history-taking 3 2 Gynaecological examination 7 3 Obstetric history-taking 11 4 Obstetric examination 13 Section 2 – Gynaecology 5 The menstrual cycle, menstrual disorders, 19 infertility and the menopause 6 Pelvic pain, endometriosis and minimal-access 53 surgery 7 Problems of the female genital tract 69 8 Uterovaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence 87 9 Family planning and sexual health 101 10 Bleeding in early pregnancy 137 Section 3 – Obstetrics 11 Prepregnancy counselling, prenatal diagnosis 153 and antenatal care 12 Physiology of pregnancy and pregnancy problems 169 13 Multiple pregnancy, breech and abnormal presentations 215 14 Labour 223 15 The puerperium 255 16 Neonatal medicine 265 ix
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