Essentials of medical laboratory practice PDF
Preview Essentials of medical laboratory practice
1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page i ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL LABORATORY PRACTICE 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page ii 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page iii ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL LABORATORY PRACTICE Constance L. Lieseke, CMA (AAMA), PBT, MLT(ASCP) Medical Assisting Faculty and Program Coordinator Business and Technology Division Olympic College Bremerton, Washington Elizabeth A. Zeibig, PhD, MLS(ASCP) Associate Dean for Graduate Education Doisy College of Health Sciences Associate Professor Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Saint Louis University St. Louis, Missouri 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page iv F.A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2012 by F.A. Davis Company Copyright © 2012 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permis- sion from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Senior Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee Manager of Content Development: George W. Lang Developmental Editor: Karen Lynn Carter Design and Illustration Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lieseke, Constance L. Essentials of medical laboratory practice / Constance L. Lieseke, Elizabeth A. Zeibig. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8036-1899-2 I. Zeibig, Elizabeth A. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Laboratory Techniques and Procedures. 2. Laboratories--organization & administration. 3. Laboratory Personnel--standards. QY 25] 610.78--dc23 2011047184 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a sepa- rate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 978-0-8036-1899-2/12 0 + $.25. 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page v I could not have completed this immense task without the love and support of my family. This book is dedicated to: Dan, my best friend and the love of my life. Caty and Clint, who give my life meaning and inspire me to do my best. My mother, LaVonne, who taught me about hard work and determination. CLL This book is dedicated to: My coauthor, Constance Lieseke, who took on more than she initially bargained for and who worked tirelessly to bring the book to fruition. I am proud to have been part of this project with her. My mother, Shirley Gockel, for her unending support and love. My boyfriend Robert (Bob) A. Blessing for being my source of strength, support, and love and for helping me get my life organized and in order—You are truly my “blessing.” AZ 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page vi 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page vii Preface The clinical laboratory plays an important role in Test Your Knowledge sections offer self-assessment patient care by providing timely, accurate, reliable questions coded to the appropriate learning outcomes test results to health-care team members. The results and are strategically placed throughout the chapter. provided by the clinical laboratory are used by appropri- Tables, figures, and procedures coded to CAAHEP and ate team members to make important diagnosis, treat- ABHES standards complement the organized, logically ment, and monitoring decisions. With recent advances presented chapter content. Following a chapter sum- in technology, some laboratory tests may now be per- mary readers have an opportunity to review content formed by appropriately trained individuals in alterna- through a series of questions and a chapter case study, a tive settings, such as in physician offices. Medical component called Time to Review.A list of resources and assistants and phlebotomists may be called upon to suggested readings is included at the end of each chapter. perform this testing. It is thus imperative that individu- The feature What Does It All Mean? is located at the als who collect or oversee collection of samples for end of each section and reiterates the purpose of the laboratory testing, perform laboratory tests, or interpret section and its importance to medical assistants and laboratory test results be educated in this important area other health-care professionals. The case study intro- of medicine. duced in On the Horizonis revisited here and discussed. The purpose of this text is to introduce the reader to This discussion does not include the answers to ques- the clinical laboratory. The text is organized into six tions posed for consideration. The answers to those sections. Each of these sections is presented as a com- questions may be found in the Instructor’s Guide. plete package. Section I covers the structure and organi- An interactive CD-ROM is packaged with this text, zation of the clinical laboratory and important consider- allowing students an opportunity to apply their knowl- ations, including regulations, safety, quality, legal and edge in a variety of situations. There are a total of ethical issues, and laboratory equipment. Section II 29 exercises available in the following formats: Don’t Tip introduces the importance of techniques associated the Scale, Drag and Drop, Multiple Choice, Picture It, with proper specimen collection and handling. The and Quiz Show. remaining sections are dedicated to specific laboratory Students will find an additional 12 interactive activities tests organized by general type: hematology, chemistry, on the F.A. Davis website at http://www.davisplus.fadavis. urinalysis, and immunology. com/ keyword Lieseke. Instructors will find an electronic Each section opens with On the Horizon,an overview test bank, chapter-by-chapter PowerPoints, and numerous of the chapters in that section. On the Horizon consists other instructional resources on DavisPlus. of a content overview, and a description of the relevance In addition to the core chapter content, a compre- of the content to medical assistants and other health-care hensive list of abbreviations is included at the begin- professionals. A patient scenario called Case in Point ning of the book for quick reference. A list of all follows, and then a series of questions about upcoming CAAHEP and ABHES competencies covered in each content, called Questions for Consideration. Completing chapter also appears in the front of the book, to quickly this section are brief narratives that summarize each access information about specific procedures. A list chapter in the section. of reference ranges for common laboratory tests are Chapters begin with a Chapter Outline for easy refer- included in the appendices and a complete glossary of ence. Learning Outcomes appear next. These serve as a key terms follows. helpful resource to guide readers as they study chapter We’ve made every effort to create an accurate, reader- content. A list of References to the Commission on friendly, informative text that contains practical infor- Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs mation about the clinical laboratory and the medical (CAAHEP) and the Accrediting Bureau of Health assistant’s role in it. We hope you find this book to be a Education Schools (ABHES) standards appear after the rich and rewarding resource for your studies. Learning Outcomes. Key Terms then follow organized in alphabetical order. Each key term is bolded and defined, — Constance A. Lieseke as appropriate, where the term first appears in the text. Elizabeth A. Zeibig vii 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page viii 1899_FM_i-xxiv 22/12/11 3:04 PM Page ix Contributors Nikki A. Marhefka, EdM, MT(ASCP), Nancy M. Jones-Bermea, BS (Education), CMA (AAMA) BA (Education), BS (Business Medical Assistant Program Director Administration) Central Penn College Professor, Business and Technology Division Summerdale, Pennsylvania Olympic College Bremerton, Washington ix
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