Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology PDF
Preview Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology
Untitled-1 1 04-06-2020 12:46:21 WITH William C. Ober, M.D. ART COORDINATOR AND ILLUSTRATOR Claire E. Ober, R.N. ILLUSTRATOR Kathleen Welch, M.D. CLINICAL CONSULTANT Kevin Petti Ph.D. CONTRIBUTOR A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 1 20/05/2020 18:39 DEDICATION To Kitty, P.K., Ivy, and Kate: We couldn’t have done this without you. Thank you for your encouragement, patience, and understanding Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Managing Producer, Media Production, Global Courseware Portfolio Manager: Cheryl Cechvala Edition: Vikram Medepalli Content Producer: Norine Strang Rights & Permissions Project Manager: Matt Perry Managing Producer: Nancy Tabor Rights & Permissions Management: Eric Schrader Courseware Director, Content Development: Barbara Yien Photo Researcher: Cindy Aba Senior Editor, Global Edition: Neelakantan K.K., Amrita Naskar Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Associate Project Editor, Global Edition: Shaoni Mukherjee Manufacturing Buyer, Global Edition: Kay Holman Courseware Editorial Assistant: Kristen Burns, Lidia Bayne Field Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo Rich Media Content Producer: Lauren Chen, Kimberly Twardochleb Product Marketing Manager: Wendy Mears Interior Design: Pearson CSC Cover Photo Credit: ITALO/Shutterstock Cover Designer: SPi Global Pearson Education Limited KAO Two KAO Park Harlow CM17 9SR United Kingdom and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com © Pearson Education Limited 2021 The rights of Frederic H. Martini and Edwin F. Bartholomew to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 8th Edition, ISBN 9780135203804, Frederic H. Martini and Edwin F. Bartholomew, published by Pearson Education © 2020. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department. Attributions of third-party content appear on page CR-1, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page. PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, Mastering A&P™, Practice Anatomy Lab (PAL)™, and Interactive Physiology 2.0 (IP2) are exclusive trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. Lactaid® is a registered trademark of McNeil Nutritionals, LLC. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. This eBook is a standalone product and may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. It also does not provide access to other Pearson digital products like MyLab and Mastering. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN 10: 1-292-34866-6 ISBN 13: 978-1-292-34866-7 eBook ISBN 13: 978-1-292-34879-7 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by SPi Global A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM_CR_Page.indd 2 21/05/2020 14:30 Spotlight Figures Visually Summarize Difficult Physiological Processes, Making Them Easier to Understand These highly visual one- and two-page presentations of tough topics provide a bridge between readings and related figures and photos to communicate information in a student-friendly, visually effective format. 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10 Spotlight Videos bring the popular in-text feature to life, with narrated, annotated guidance that walks students through some of toughest topics in A&P. Spotlight Video topics include: Inflammation and Regeneration, Synovial Joints, The Contraction Cycle, Refractive Problems, The Composition of Whole Blood, The Heart: Internal Anatomy and Blood Flow, Pulmonary Ventilation, Chemical Events in Digestion, A Summary of Kidney Function, and Regulation of Female Reproduction. SmartArt Video: Endochondral Ossification Watch the SmartArt Video for chapter 6, and then complete the question at right. Part A A hard ossified bone in an adult actually begins within the embryo as a miniature version composed of ____________. elastic cartilage hyaline cartilage dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue fibrocartilage Submit Request Answer Coaching Activities in Mastering A&P™ allow instructors to assign the videos to ensure students view them. A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 4 20/05/2020 18:39 Build Your Knowledge Integration Figures Emphasize That the Body Systems Work Together, Not in Isolation Build Your Knowledge Integration features show students how body systems affect each other and work together to maintain homeostasis. 636 URINARY SYSTEM Build Your Knowledge How the URINARY SYSTEM integrates with the other body systems presented so far Integumentary System Nervous System • The Integumentary System prevents • The Nervous System adjusts renal blood excessive fluid loss through skin surface; pressure; monitors distension of urinary produces vitamin D3, important for the bladder and controls urination renal production of calcitriol; sweat glands assist in elimination of water and solutes • The urinary system eliminates nitrogenous wastes; maintains fluid, electrolyte, and • The urinary system eliminates nitrogenous acid-base balance of blood, which is critical wastes; maintains fluid, electrolyte, and for neural function acid-base balance of blood that nourishes the skin Endocrine System Respiratory System • The Endocrine System produces aldosterone and ADH, which adjust rates of fluid and • The Respiratory System assists in the electrolyte reabsorption by kidneys regulation of pH by eliminating carbon dioxide • The urinary system releases renin when local blood pressure drops and erythropoietin • The urinary system assists in the elimination (EPO) when renal oxygen levels fall of carbon dioxide; provides bicarbonate buffers that assist in pH regulation Lymphatic System Cardiovascular System • The Lymphatic System provides adaptive (specific) defense against urinary tract • The Cardiovascular System delivers blood to infections glomerular capillaries, where filtration occurs; accepts fluids and solutes • The urinary system eliminates toxins and reabsorbed during urine production wastes generated by cellular activities; acid pH of urine provides innate (nonspecific) • The urinary system releases renin defense against urinary tract infections to elevate blood pressure and erythropoietin (EPO) to accelerate red blood cell production Digestive System Skeletal System • The Digestive System absorbs water needed to excrete wastes at kidneys; absorbs ions • The Skeletal System provides some needed to maintain normal body fluid protection for kidneys and ureters with its concentrations; liver removes bilirubin axial divison; pelvis protects urinary bladder and proximal portion of urethra • The urinary system excretes toxins absorbed by the digestive epithelium; excretes • The urinary system conserves calcium and bilirubin and nitrogenous wastes from the phosphate needed for bone growth liver; calcitriol production by kidneys aids calcium and phosphate absorption Muscular System Urinary System • The Muscular System controls urination by closing urethral sphincters. Muscle The urinary system excretes metabolic waste layers of trunk provide some protection and maintains normal body fluid pH and ion for urinary organs composition. It: • The urinary system excretes waste • regulates blood volume and blood pressure 18 products of muscle and protein • regulates plasma concentrations of sodium, metabolism; assists in regulation of potassium, chloride, and other ions calcium and phosphate concentrations • helps to stabilize blood pH • conserves valuable nutrients M18_MART3804_08_SE_C18.indd 636 9/6/18 2:57 PM A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 5 20/05/2020 18:39 NEW Interactive Versions of These Figures Allow Students to Explore at Their Own Pace Build Your Knowledge Coaching Activities are assignable in Mastering A&P and provide hints and wrong answer- specific feedback to ensure mastery of the concepts. A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 6 20/05/2020 18:39 The Most Affordable and Efficient Way to Learn—Pearson eText Pearson eText is a simple-to-use, mobile-optimized, personalized reading experience. It allows students to easily highlight, take notes, and review key vocabulary all in one place—even when offline. Seamlessly integrated videos engage students and give them access to the help they need, when they need it. Students can stop randomly searching online for study tools and flashcards that may not be credible or applicable to their course. Pearson eText contains study tools that align directly to the textbook adopted. Students can personalize a study notebook with the highlights and notes they take during reading, as well as the ones instructors share with the class, effectively creating a study guide. A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 7 20/05/2020 18:39 Mastering A&P™ Is So Much More than Online Homework NEW! PAL 3.1 Mobile, Customizable Flashcards allow students to create a personalized, mobile-friendly deck of flashcards and quizzes using images from the virtual Practice Anatomy Lab 3.1. Students can use the checklist to filter down to the images referenced in the course. For optimal viewing, access the flashcards on a mobile device using Mastering login credentials. Dynamic Study Modules (DSMs) continue to be the most favored study tool of surveyed students in the Mastering learning tools suite. Using a flashcard, gaming style, students figure out what they know and don‘t know, building confidence before a test. DSMs are available to students with a Mastering subscription and allow students to study the structures instructors want them to learn. A01_MART8667_08_GE_FM.indd 8 20/05/2020 18:39
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