Essential Neuroscience, 2nd Edition

596 Pages·2010·115.82 MB·English

by  Allan Siegel

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Allan Siegel, PhD
Professor
Department of Neurology and Neurosciences
Department of Psychiatry
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Hreday N. Sapru, PhD
Professor
Department of Neurological Surgery
Department of Neurology and Neurosciences
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Case Histories written by Heidi E. Siegel, MD
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Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor
Product Manager: Kelley Squazzo
Marketing Manager: Brian Moody
Vendor Manager: Bridgett Dougherty
Manufacturing Manager: Margie Orzech-Zeranko
Design Coordinator: Doug Smock
Compositor: SPi Technologies
Second Edition
Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business.
351 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street
Baltimore, MD 21201 Philadelphia, PA 19103
Printed in China
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
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sion, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia,
PA 19103, via email at [email protected], or via website at lww.com (products and services).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Siegel, Allan, 1939–
Essential neuroscience / Allan Siegel, Hreday N. Sapru ; case histories written by Heidi E. Siegel.—
2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7817-8383-5 (alk. paper)
1. Neurosciences—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Sapru, Hreday N. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Nervous System Physiological Phenomena. 2. Mental Disorders—physiopathology.
3. Nervous System—anatomy & histology. 4. Nervous System Diseases. WL 102 S571e 2011]
RC343.6.S54 2011
612.8—dc22
2009051230
DISCLAIMER
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However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from
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This book is dedicated to our wives, Carla and Millie.
“We have learned much from our teachers and from our colleagues more than from our teachers,
but from our students, more than from them all.”
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viii PREFACE
and movement disorders associated with the cerebral cortex, The full-color illustrations, which have been universally
basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. praised, are even better in the second edition, with additions and
The fi nal section of the text (Chapters 22 to 28) concerns a enhancements rendering a truly cohesive, instructive art
variety of functions of the nervous system characterized by higher program.
levels of complexity. Chapters 22 to 25, “The Autonomic Nerv- Selected topics have been expanded where appropriate: the
ous System,” “The Reticular Formation,” “The Hypothalamus,” functional relationship, memory, and lateralization of the hip-
and “The Limbic System,” include analyses of visceral processes, pocampal formation and limbic cortex; limbic relationships of
sleep, and wakefulness (Chapters 22 to 25). In addition, an analy- the basal ganglia (especially in reference to psychiatric issues);
sis of the structure, functions, and dysfunctions of the cerebral the development of the anterior and posterior pituitary; a dis-
cortex is provided in Chapter 26, “The Thalamus and Cerebral cussion of prions in relation to Creutzfeldt Jacob disease; and
Cortex.” Chapter 27, “Vascular Syndromes,” was placed toward others.
the end of the book because by this point the student has gained a Material has also been integrated in multiple places where it
deeper understanding and appreciation of brainstem syndromes would augment understanding of important concepts. For exam-
than if that material had been presented earlier in the text. Vascu- ple, the functional relationships associated with the cerebral cor-
lar syndromes of the brainstem constitute an important review for tex are again referred to vis-à-vis sensory and motor systems.
the student on a topic that is heavily tested on USMLE examina- Extensive cross referencing among chapters has likewise been
tions. The fi nal chapter, “Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders” incorporated.
(Chapter 28) examines disorders such as schizophrenia, depres- Although this text was originally primarily designed for medi-
sion, anxiety, and obsessive compulsion. These disorders have a cal students who study neuroscience, it can be used quite effec-
clear relationship to abnormalities in neural and neurochemical tively by neurology residents and graduate and undergraduate
functions and, thus, refl ect an important component of neuro- university students specializing in biological sciences. In this lat-
science. These topics also receive attention on the USMLE. est edition, special topics have been reworked to better accom-
Essential Neuroscience proved to be a highly effective tool for modate dental students. The trigeminal nucleus, for instance, has
students and faculty. The goal of this second edition, therefore, is been divided into its components for a more detailed study.
to perfect the formula with which we had such success. For exam- Essential Neuroscience, 2nd Edition distinguishes itself from
ple, key terms and concepts of neuroscience were highlighted in other texts as the concise, clinically relevant neuroscience text
bold in each chapter and explained in an extensive glossary at providing balanced coverage of anatomy, physiology, biology, and
the end of the book. In response to readers’ appreciation of this biochemistry. With a full array of pedagogical features, it helps
helpful feature, we have doubled the glossary size in this edition. students gain conceptual mastery of this challenging discipline
Also in response to reader requests, we have presented and, we hope, foments the urge to continue its exploration.
Chapter Summary Tables at the end of each chapter in this new
edition. These tables will not only help students review chapters Allan Siegel
as they go, but will be valuable, high-yield tools for study and Hreday N. Sapru
review at examination time.
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