Essential Emergency Imaging PDF
Preview Essential Emergency Imaging
ESSENTIAL EMERGENCY IMAGING LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd ii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5533 PPMM LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd iiii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5555 PPMM ESSENTIAL EMERGENCY IMAGING Editors Resa E. Lewiss, MD St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York Turandot Saul, MD St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York Kaushal H. Shah, MD Associate Professor Mt. Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd iiiiii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5555 PPMM Senior Acquisitions Editor: Frances DeStefano Product Director: Julia Seto Production Manager: Alicia Jackson Senior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera Senior Marketing Manager: Angela Panetta Design Coordinator: Holly McLaughlin Production Service: Aptara, Inc. © 2012 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected b y copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared b y individuals as par t of their off cial duties as U.S. go vernment employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essential emergency imaging / editor s, Resa E. Lewiss, Turandot Saul, Kaushal H. Shah. p. ; cm. – (Essential emergency medicine series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60831-893-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Diagnostic imaging. 2. Medical emergencies. I. Lewiss, Resa E. II. Saul, Turandot. III. Shah, Kaushal. IV. Series: Essential emergency medicine series. [DNLM: 1. Diagnostic Imaging. 2. Emergencies. WN 180] RC78.7.D53E866 2012 616.07(cid:2)57--dc23 2011022701 Care has been taken to conf rm the accuracy of the infor mation presented and to describe generally accepted practices. How ever, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for er rors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the infor mation in this book and make no war- ranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the cur rency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the infor mation in a par ticular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner . The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that dr ug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with cur rent recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant f ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added w arnings and precautions. This is par ticularly important when the recommended agent is a ne w or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each dr ug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer ser vice department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. Inter national customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Inter net: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins cus- tomer service representatives are a vailable from 8:30 am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd iivv 66//2255//1111 33::5555::1166 PPMM Dedication Resa E. Lewiss People grow through experience if they meet life honestly and courageously. This is how char- acter is built (E. Roose velt). To those individuals who ha ve inspired me to live honestly and courageously. Turandot Saul I dedicate this book to m y mother Ruth, my husband Josh and my twin boys, Zachary and Asher. Kaushal H. Shah I would like to dedicate this book to all the medical pro viders who stand with me in a we of the amazing medical technology available to us and yet think really hard before ordering that next imaging test despite the medico-legal en vironment and other external pressures. And I would also lik e to dedicate this book to m y wife, Vanisha, and our new daughter, Naya, without whom life would not be complete. LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd vv 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5566 PPMM Contributors Mara S. Aloi, MD Marc N. Baskin, MD Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Pediatrics Drexel University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Senior Associate Ph ysician Program Director Division of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Residency Children’s Hospital Allegheny General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sarah M. Battistich, MD Phillip Andrus, MD, FACEP Fellow and Clinical Instr uctor Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Yale University School of Medicine The Mount Sinai School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut New York, New York Theresa M. Becker, DO Brecken J. Armstrong-Kelsey, MD, MSt Instructor Emergency Physician Department of Pediatrics Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical School; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Attending Physician Torrance, California Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s Hospital Boston Boston, Massachusetts Faizan H. Arshad, MD Resident Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Suzanne K. Bentley, MD Yale New Haven Hospital Chief Resident New Haven, Connecticut Department of Emergency Medicine The Mount Sinai Medical School; Chief Resident Physician Richard G. Bachur, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor The Mount Sinai Medical Center Department of Pediatrics New York, New York Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine Kriti Bhatia, MD Children’s Hospital Boston Associate Residency Director , Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Aff liated Emergency Medicine Residency Brigham and Women’s/Massachusetts Michael J. Barra, MD General Hospitals Chief Resident Staff Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital St. Louis, Missouri Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical School vi LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd vvii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5566 PPMM Contributors vii William D. Binder, MD Greg Buehler, MD Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Section of Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical School Department of Medicine Attending Physician Baylor College of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Houston, Texas Massachusetts General Hospital Casey Buitenhuys, MD Glen D. Blomstrom, MD Clinical Instructor Yale-New Haven Hospital Resident Ph ysician Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Yale University School of Medicine Torrance, California New Haven, Connecticut David Burbulys, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Laura J. Bontempo, MD, FACEP Department of Medicine Assistant Professor David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Emergency Medicine Los Angeles, California; Yale University; Residency Program Director EM Program Director Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Yale-New Haven Hospital Torrance, California New Haven, Connecticut Marc A. Camacho, MD, MS Pierre Borczuk, MD Instructor Assistant Professor Department of Radiology Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School; Harvard Medical School; Section Chief, Emergency Radiology Attending Physician Department of Radiology Emergency Services Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Crystal Cassidy, MD Mark F. Brady, MD, MPH Assistant Professor Resident Section of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine Yale-New Haven Hospital Baylor College of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Houston, Texas David F.M. Brown, MD Douglas Mark Char, MD, MA, FACEP, FAAEM Vice Chair Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Washington University in St Louis; Associate Professor Attending Physician Division of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical School Barnes-Jewish & St Louis Children’ s Hospitals St Louis, Missouri Lara L. Bryan-Rest, MD Clinical Fellow Betty Chen, MD Department of Radiology Resident Yale University School of Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd vviiii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5566 PPMM viii Contributors Samuel Clarke, MD Jonathan A. Edlow, MD Medical Education Fellow Associate Professor of Medicine Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Harvard Medical School; Los Angeles, California Vice Chair of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Mieka Close, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Attending Physician Boston, Massachusetts Jersey City Medical Center Daniel J. Egan, MD Brian Cohn, MD Associate Residency Director Clinical Instructor Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center Washington University School of Medicine New York, New York St. Louis, Missouri Robert R. Ehrman, MD Matthew Constantine, MD Chief Resident Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Downstate/Kings County Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Brooklyn, New York Moira Davenport, MD Joy English, MD Assistant Professor Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Allegheny General Hospital/Drexel Univer sity Washington University School of Medicine College of Medicine; Saint Louis, Missouri Attending Physician Chuck Feronti, DO Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Physician Allegheny General Hospital/Drexel Univer sity Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Mark Deaver, MD, MBA Resident Jason W.J. Fischer, MD, MSc Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor of P ediatrics Harbor-UCLA Department of Pediatrics Torrance, California University of Toronto; Staff Physician Jason DeBonis, MD Division of Emergency Medicine Attending Physician Hospital for Sick Children Los Angeles, California Toronto, Ontario Stephanie Donald, MD Jonathan I. Fischer, MD Resident Physician Chief Resident Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Yale School of Medicine Torrance, California New Haven, Connecticut Nicholas Drakos, MD Megan Fix, MD Resident Physician Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center University of Utah School of Medicine; Torrance, California Associate Residency Director Andrea Dugas, MD Division of Emergency Medicine Attending Physician University of Utah John Hopkins University Salt Lake City, Utah Baltimore, Maryland LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd vviiiiii 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5566 PPMM Contributors ix Emily Fontane, MD, FACEP, FAAP Richard T. Griffey, MD, MPH Associate Professor Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine University of Central Florida Washington University School of Medicine; Orlando, Florida Associate Chief Division of Emergency Medicine Samantha Foy, MD Barnes-Jewish Hospital Resident Physician St. Louis, Missouri Department of Emergency Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Samuel Gross, MA, MD Boston, Massachusetts Resident Department of Emergency Medicine Christopher Freeman, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Assistant Professor Boston, Massachusetts University of Texas Health Science Center Attending Physician Lisa Freeman Grossheim, MD, FACEP Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor Memorial Hermann Healthcare System Department of Emergency Medicine Houston, Texas University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, Texas Joseph M. Fuentes, MD Emergency Medicine Shamai A. Grossman, MD, MS Washington University School of Medicine Assistant Professor St. Louis, Missouri; Medicine Attending Physician Harvard Medical School; Department of Emergency Medicine Director, The Cardiac Emergency Center and Kaiser Permanente San Jose Clinical Decision Unit San Jose, California Division of Emergency Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center Jennifer Galjour, MD, MPH Boston, Massachusetts Department of Emergency Medicine The Mt. Sinai Hospital Iman Hassan, MD New York, New York Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Michael Ganetsky, MD, FACEP University of Texas Health Science Center at Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical School Houston Department of Emergency Medicine Houston, Texas Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Nathan Hemmer, MD Resident Joshua N. Goldstein, MD, PhD, FACEP Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor Allegheny General Hospital Department of Surgery Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Harvard Medical School; Attending Physician Daniel Henning, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Resident Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Moses B. Graubard, MD Attending Physician Leah Honigman, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Resident Physician Kaiser Oakland Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Oakland, California Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd iixx 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5577 PPMM x Contributors Timothy Horeczko, MD Christopher Kabrhel, MD MPH Clinical Instructor of Medicine Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Harvard Medical School; Los Angeles, California; Attending Physician Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Torrance, California Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD Erin Roxanne Horn, MD Assistant Professor Chief Resident Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Harvard Aff liated Emergency Medicine Torrance, California Residency Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Jacob B. Keeperman, MD Boston, Massachusetts Fellow, Emergency Medical Ser vices Department of Emergency Medicine Zoe D. Howard, MD Washington University in Saint Louis School of Resident Physician Medicine; Department of Emergency Medicine Fellow, Critical Care Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Anesthesia Boston, Massachusetts Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine Randall A. Howell, DO, FAAEM, FACOEP, Saint Louis, Missouri FACEP Assistant Professor Patrick R. Kennedy, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Resident Washington University School of Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine Jonie J. Hsiao, MD St. Louis, Missouri Assistant Clinical Professor Atif N. Khan, MD Department of Medicine Research Fellow David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Radiology Los Angeles, California Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Jonathan S. Ilgen, MD, MCR Boston, Massachusetts Acting Assistant Professor Jonathan Kirschner, MD Division of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor University of Washington School of Medicine Attending Physician Seattle, Washington Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Jason Imperato, MD, MBA, FACEP Assistant Professor Jessica H. Klausmeier, MD, MPH Department of Medicine Resident Physician Harvard Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Attending Physician Boston, Massachusetts Department of Emergency Medicine Mount Auburn Hospital Jean E. Klig, MD, FAAP Cambridge, Massachusetts Assistant Professor of P ediatrics Harvard Medical School; John E. Jesus, MD Associate Chief, Division of Pediatric Chief Resident Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts LLWWBBKK887744--FFMM__ppii--xxxxvvii..iinndddd xx 66//2255//1111 33::1188::5577 PPMM
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