ERIC EJ697289: Get Answers: Using Student Response Systems to See Students' Thinking PDF
Preview ERIC EJ697289: Get Answers: Using Student Response Systems to See Students' Thinking
Feature get By David Johnson and Scott McLeod SSuubbjjeecctt:: Assessment aaannnssswwweeerrrsss Grades: 2 & up (Ages 7–Adult) Technology: Infrared, radio UUssiinngg SSttuuddeenntt RReessppoonnssee SSyysstteemmss frequency, or Internet-based student response systems to See Students’ Thinking Standards: NETS•S 4; NETS•T IV (http://www.iste.org/standards/) 18 Learning & Leading with Technology Volume 32 Number 4 Feature Imagine if you could view your Who Is Using Student Response Systems? students’ thinking, like peeking inside a pot of cooking stew to see if it is done. Wouldn’t it be nice students it’s great because many are if you could know what your stud- afraid to speak in class.” ents were learning, while you were In Leah Stern’s fourth-grade reading teaching them? class, the students journal for 10 minutes with Discourse. As they type, Stern Most teachers use a variety of watches the sentences form on her classroom techniques to understand screen. She can quickly interact, telling what their students know and can do. one student to place a period at the end Tests, quizzes, papers, and projects of the sentence and another to amplify a are time-honored ways to assess stu- We profi le two school organiza- point with more detail. She selects certain tions currently using student students’ work to show publicly. “Kids dent learning, but they often are time response systems: Highwood love to see their work projected on the consuming to administer and grade, Hills Elementary in St. Paul, Minnesota, monitor,” she says. “Many would much and there are inherent delays between and the University of Cincinnati. rather communicate with me through submission, assessment, and feedback. the keyboard. Plus, Discourse focuses students’ attention, especially those with Teachers also use interactive question- Highwood Hills Elementary. This school attention defi cit problems.” According to ing techniques, class discussions, and is a nationally recognized technology literacy coordinator Sara Benedett, “You innovator that has used Discourse one-on-one meetings to assess can see what students know and don’t student response software in the students’ knowledge and know. If you have a class of 30 children, classroom for more than seven years. it’s almost like you are one-on-one with skills, but these often are Students use portable infrared keyboards each child at the same time.” neither systematic nor all- with small displays. Discourse allows The composition of Highwood Hills’ inclusive. As a result, in its many types of questions, including those student body has changed recently, that are completely open-ended. The report Knowing What Stu- with an infl ux of immigrant families from teacher watches his or her computer dents Know, the National Somalia and Laos. “We are dealing as the students respond. The teacher with so many children who are learning Research Council (NRC) can transmit feedback to the student English as a second language,” Benedett has noted that feedback keyboard and may display responses says. “Often, children are afraid to speak with or without names on a TV monitor. opportunities occur rela- up for fear they won’t say it properly. As (See the table on pp. 20–21 for more tively infrequently in many an example, I had one student in the on the features of Discourse and other second grade who posted a response classrooms. student response systems.) on her keyboard that was excellent. I Th e ability to gain insight In Kathy Wettschreck’s second-grade showed her response anonymously to the into students’ knowledge and under- Word Work class, the students play a class. I said, ‘Look what this student did. vocabulary game with Discourse. One standing takes on new importance I’m so proud of this work.’ The next time, student is “it” and leaves the classroom in today’s accountability climate. her hand sneaks up, and she wants to for a moment. Kathy selects a word and respond verbally, overcoming her According to the NRC report, to shares it with the class. The student fear of talking in class. That enable school and district compliance returns and tries to guess the word. is huge because a sense The other students type hints on their with federal and state accountability of community forms, keyboards, which Wettschreck displays mandates, teachers’ classroom as- and the learning on the TV monitor. “That way students becomes social.” sessments should “focus on making are reading all the time,” she explains. students’ thinking visible to both “For English as a Second Language Users continued on p. 22. their teachers and themselves so that answers instructional strategies can be select- Which Student Response System ed to support an appropriate course Is Right for You? for future learning.” Teacher imple- mentation of eff ective in-class feed- In the table on pp. 20–21, we have compiled the back mechanisms allows for the key features for all student response systems ongoing modifi cation of teaching currently available. You can use this table as a strategies and content coverage to starting point in choosing the right system for maximize student performance on your school or district. Answers continued on p. 22. December/January 2004–05 Learning & Leading with Technology 19 Copyright © 2004, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 1.800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 1.541.302.3777 (Int’l), [email protected], www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Feature STUDENT RESPONSE SYSTEMS COMPARED TTiittllee//UURRLL PPrriiccee HHaarrddwwaarer eR eRqeuqirueidred TTrraannssmmisissisoino nM eMtheotdhod IInnppuutt A Alllolwoweded SSppeecciaial lF eFaetautruesres CCllaassssIInnHHaanndd SSooffttwwaarree iiss ffrreeee.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) IInnssttrruuccttoorr uusseess PPoocckkeettPPCC wwiitthh aa wwiirreelleessss ccaarrdd,, IInntteerrnneett FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd DDeevveellooppeedd bbyy tthhee IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn SSyysstteemmss DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt aatt WWaakkee FFoorreesstt UUnniivveerrssiittyy.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss can hhttttpp::////ccllaassssiinnhhaanndd..wwffuu..eedduu aanndd ssttuuddeennttss uussee aannyy ddeevviiccee ((hhaannddhheelldd,, llaappttoopp,, or creamn oretemlyo cteolny tcrooln Ptroowl eProPwoeinrPt opirnets pernetasetinotnast iaonnds arencde riveec efeiveed fbeaecdkb ianc kth irne eth froerem fso.rms. odre sdketsokpt)o cpo) ncnoencnteecdt etod tthoe t hInet eInrtneertn.et. CCllaassssrroooomm PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee SSyysstteemm $$11,,999955,, iinncclluuddeess 3322 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, ccaarrrryyiinngg KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy eeIInnssttrruuccttiioonn OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm eeiigghhtt--kkeeyy IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann aassssoocciiaattee tthheeiirr qquueessttiioonnss wwiitthh ssttaattee ssttaannddaarrddss pprroovviiddeedd wwiitthh ssooffttwwaarree aanndd hhttttpp::////wwwwww..eeiinnssttrruuccttiioonn..ccoomm ccaassee,, ssooffttwwaarree ssiittee lliicceennssee,, ffrreeee ssooffttwwaarree uuppggrraaddeess,, kkeeyyppaadd ccaann iinntteeggrraattee qquueessttiioonnss ffrroomm 22,,880000 tteexxttbbooookkss.. oonnlliinnee ttrraaiinniinngg.. tteecchhnniiccaall ssuuppppoorrtt,, aanndd lliiffeettiimmee wwaarrrraannttyy oonn hhaarrddwwaarree.. DDiissccoouurrssee $$33,,000000 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr aa 3300--wwoorrkkssttaattiioonn PPoorrttaabbllee iinnffrraarreedd kkeeyybbooaarrddss oorr aannyy PPCC oorr AAppppllee WWiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessss ((880022..1111 FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd WWiiddee vvaarriieettyy ooff qquueessttiioonn ffoorrmmaattss,, iinncclluuddiinngg ccoommpplleetteellyy ooppeenn--eennddeedd qquueessttiioonnss.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss hhttttpp::////wwwwww..eettss..oorrgg//ddiissccoouurrssee// ssyysstteemm.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) SScchhooooll ssiittee ddeevviiccee ((hhaannddhheelldd,, llaappttoopp,, oorr ddeesskkttoopp)).. TThhee ssttuuddeenntt ssttaannddaarrdd)) nneettwwoorrkk,, IInntteerrnneett ccaann aasssseessss uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg bbyy vviieewwiinngg ooppeenn--eennddeedd rreessppoonnsseess aass ssttuuddeennttss ttyyppee aanndd ccaann lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. ddeevviicceess mmaayy bbee PPCC,, AAppppllee,, PPaallmm,, oorr PPoocckkeettPPCC,, oorr iinnttrraanneett ssaavvee aallll rreessppoonnsseess ttoo aa ddaattaabbaassee.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann sseelleecctt aannyy rreessppoonnssee ttoo sshhooww ppuubblliiccllyy oonn a bbuutt tthhee tteeaacchheerr ddeevviiccee mmuusstt bbee aa PPCC.. asc srcereene no ro TrV T. VS. tSutduednetns trse rceeciveeiv efe feedebdabcakc ok no nth tehire ikre kyebyobaoradr do ro cro cmompuptuetr.er. HHyyppeerr IInntteerraaccttiivvee TTeeaacchhiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggyy ((HH--IITTTT)) $$889900,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, aanndd KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy HHyyppeerr--IInntteerraaccttiivvee IInnffrraarreedd tteecchhnnoollooggyy MMuullttii--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm fifi vvee--kkeeyy SSttuuddeennttss ee--mmaaiill tthheeiirr kkeeyyppaadd IIDD aanndd nnaammee ttoo tthhee iinnssttrruuccttoorr,, aanndd tthhee ssooffttwwaarree bbuuiillddss tthhee hhttttpp::////wwwwww..hh--iitttt..ccoomm ccaabblliinngg.. TTeeaacchhiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggyy kkeeyyppaadd wwiitthh oonnee mmooddiififi eerr kkeeyy rroosstteerr aauuttoommaattiiccaallllyy.. SSooffttwwaarree llooaaddss mmuullttiippllee qquueessttiioonn fifi llee ffoorrmmaattss,, iinncclluuddiinngg bbooookk ppuubblliisshheerr tteesstt bbaannkkss,, aanndd iinntteeggrraatteess wwiitthh WWeebbCCTT aanndd BBllaacckkbbooaarrdd.. IInntteerrWWrriittee PPRRSS ((PPeerrssoonnaall RReessppoonnssee SSyysstteemm)) $$11,,224400,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy GGTTCCOO CCaallCCoommpp OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy oorr mmuullttiippllee--ddiiggiitt eennttrryy hhttttpp::////wwwwww..ggttccooccaallccoommpp..ccoomm//iinntteerrwwrriitteepprrss..hhttmm aanndd ccaabblleess ffrroomm 1100--kkeeyy kkeeyyppaadd wwiitthh ttwwoo mmooddiififi eerr kkeeyyss NNuummiinnaa IIII ssttuuddeenntt rreessppoonnssee ssyysstteemmss FFrreeee,, WWeebb--bbaasseedd ssoolluuttiioonn tthhaatt rruunnss oonn aa sseerrvveerr aatt AAnnyy wwiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessss ddeevviiccee wwiitthh aa bbrroowwsseerr IInntteerrnneett SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm mmoouussee oorr CCooooppeerraattiivvee eeffffoorrtt aammoonngg ffaaccuullttyy aatt tthhee UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa aatt WWiillmmiinnggttoonn aanndd hhttttpp::////aaaa..uunnccww..eedduu//nnuummiinnaa//ssrrss// UUNNCCWW ((HHaarrddwwaarree iiss nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) ccoonnnneecctteedd ttoo tthhee IInntteerrnneett kkeeyybbooaarrdd sseevveerraall ccoorrppoorraattee aanndd ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt ssppoonnssoorrss.. PPoocckkeettCCllaassssrroooomm ((PPoocckkeettPPCC))//LLeeaarrnnTTrraacc ((PPaallmm)) $$88,,449999 PPoocckkeettCCllaassssrroooomm ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr fifi rrsstt AAnnyy PPoocckkeett PPCC oorr PPaallmm OOSS ddeevviiccee IInnffrraarreedd,, WWiiFFii,, wwiiddee aarreeaa FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd OOffffeerrss fifi llee eexxcchhaannggee,, ddeevviiccee mmaannaaggeemmeenntt,, ddooccuummeenntt wwoorrkkflfl ooww,, hhoommeewwoorrkk mmaannaaggeemmeenntt,, hhttttpp::////wwwwww..rreeaaddiinneessssccoo..ccoomm 5500 sseeaattss.. ((DDooeessnn’’tt iinncclluuddee hhaarrddwwaarree..)) SScchhooooll ssiittee nneettwwoorrkk,, aanndd IInntteerrnneett ppoolllliinngg,, qquuiizzzziinngg,, aalliiggnneedd aasssseessssmmeennttss,, tteessttiinngg,, ggrraaddeebbooookk,, aannaallyyssiiss,, rreeppoorrttiinngg,, ssyyllllaabbuuss,, lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. $$77,,889999 LLeeaarrnnTTrraaccPPrroo ssooffttwwaarree aauuttoommaatteedd aatttteennddaannccee,, aanndd tteesstt rreevviieewwss aanndd rreeppoorrtt ccaarrddss.. CCoonntteenntt--nneeuuttrraall ppllaattffoorrmm aalllloowwiinngg lliicceennssee ffoorr fifi rrsstt 5500 sseeaattss.. ((DDooeessnn’’tt iinncclluuddee hhaarrddwwaarree..)) iimmppoorrtt oorr iinnppuutt ooff ddeessiirreedd ccoonntteenntt.. TThhee vveennddoorr ooffffeerrss ccuussttoommiizzeedd ccoonntteenntt sseerrvviicceess.. SScchhooooll ssiittee lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. QQwwiizzddoomm IInntteerraaccttiivvee LLeeaarrnniinngg SSyysstteemm $$119955 ffoorr ssooffttwwaarree aalloonnee.. $$22,,225555 ffoorr ppaacckkaaggee,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy QQwwiizzddoomm TTwwoo--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd MMuullttiippllee kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm 1199--kkeeyy WWiitthh ttwwoo--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn,, ssttuuddeennttss rreecceeiivvee vviissuuaall ccoonnfifi rrmmaattiioonn ffrroomm aa lliigghhtt on the hhttttpp::////wwwwww..qqwwiizzddoomm..ccoomm iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, iinnssttrruuccttoorr kkeeyyppaadd,, kkeeyyppaadd okeny tphaed k. eSyopfatwda. rSeo pftewramreit sp oeprmenit-se onpdeend- neunmdeedr inc uamnsewrice rasn, sinwcelursd,i ningc flruadcintigon fsra acntido ndse cainmda ls, rreecceeiivveerr,, ccaarrrryyiinngg ccaassee,, aanndd ccaabbllee.. danecdi mopaelsn,- aenndd eodp etenx-te anndsewd etresx tw ahnesnw uesrse dw ihne an luosceadl ainre aa lnoectawl oarrke.a V neentdwoor rske. lVlse nedxtoern sseivlles elibxtreanrys iovef slitbarnadray rodfs -sbtaansdeadr dcus-rrbiacuseludm c usrorfitcwualurme, csuosfttwomariez,a cbules tboym uizsaebr,l ew bhyic uhs ceor,n wtahinicsh cleosnstoaninss, qleusizszoenss,, qquueizszteiosn, sq aunedst iaonnssw aenrds, apnhsowtoegrsra, pphhso taongdra iplluhsst raantdio nillsu,s atrnadti onninse, adnifdfe nreinnet dleiaffrenrienngt gleaamrneisn.g games. RRxxSShhooww $$994499 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr FFuullll FFuunnccttiioonn RRxxSShhooww.. KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy ootthheerr vveennddoorrss OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd oorr ttwwoo-- SSiinnggllee-- aanndd mmuullttiippllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy IInnssttrruuccttoorrss eemmbbeedd PPoowweerrPPooiinntt qquueessttiioonnss aanndd tteessttss,, rreecceeiivvee aannsswweerrss,, pplloott ggrraapphhss wwiitthhiinn hhttttpp::////wwwwww..rrxxsshhooww..ccoomm//iinnddeexx..hhttmm $$337799 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr RRxxSShhooww LLiittee.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree wwaayy rraaddiioo ffrreeqquueennccyy ffrroomm kkeeyyppaaddss sslliiddee sshhoowwss,, aanndd ssaavvee ssttuuddeenntt aannsswweerrss iinn AAcccceessss aanndd EExxcceell.. TThhee vveennddoorr ssuupppplliieess nnoott iinncclluuddeedd.. KK––1122 ccuussttoommeerrss rreecceeiivvee 1100%% PPoowweerrPPooiinntt--rreeaaddyy vviissuuaallss ccaalllleedd PPooppiinnss.. ddiissccoouunntt..)) TTII--NNaavviiggaattoorr $$44,,000000 ffoorr 3322--ssttuuddeenntt ssyysstteemm,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree CCllaassssrroooomm PPCC,, TTII aacccceessss ppooiinntt,, wwiirreelleessss hhuubbss,, TTII 880022..1111bb wwiirreelleessss aacccceessss MMuullttiippllee--ddiiggiitt eennttrryy ffrroomm TTII LLeeaarrnniinnggCChheecckk ffoorr aasssseessssiinngg ssttuuddeenntt uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg,, CCaabbrrii JJrr.. pprreeddrraawwnn ggeeoommeettrryy fifi gguurreess,, hhttttpp::////eedduuccaattiioonn..ttii..ccoomm//nnaavviiggaattoorr lliicceennssee,, aacccceessss ppooiinntt,, ffoouurr hhuubbss,, aanndd aa cchhaarrggiinngg bbaayy.. ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss,, aanndd hhuubb cchhaarrggiinngg bbaayy ((aallll bbuutt ppooiinnttss ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss CCeellllSShheeeett sspprreeaaddsshheeeett ccoommppaattiibbllee wwiitthh EExxcceell,, aanndd NNootteeFFoolliioo ffoorr lleeccttuurree nnootteess.. TThhee vveennddoorr ((TTII ggrraapphhiinngg ccaallccuullaattoorrss nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) PPCC aanndd ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss ssoolldd iinn TTII--NNaavviiggaattoorr ooffffeerrss mmoorree tthhaann 660000 ffrreeee ccllaassssrroooomm aaccttiivviittiieess oonn tthhee IInntteerrnneett.. CCllaassssrroooomm kkiitt)) TTuurrnniinnggPPooiinntt $$11,,999955,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3322 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr ppaacckkaaggeedd wwiitthh ssooffttwwaarree oorr OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd,, ttwwoo--wwaayy SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyyppaaddss TTuurrnniinnggPPooiinntt ttooooll bbaarr iinntteeggrraatteess iinnttoo tthhee MMSS OOfffifi ccee SSuuiittee ((PPoowweerrPPooiinntt,, EExxcceell,, WWoorrdd,, aanndd hhttttpp::////ttuurrnniinnggtteecchhnnoollooggiieess..ccoomm aanndd ccaarrrryyiinngg ccaassee.. llaappttooppss,, ddeesskkttooppss,, oorr hhaannddhheellddss ccoonnnneecctteedd tthhrroouugghh rraaddiioo ffrreeqquueennccyy,, iinnttrraanneett oorr OOuuttllooookk)).. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann vviieeww rreessuullttss wwiitthh pprreeffoorrmmaatttteedd rreeppoorrttss oorr ttrraannssffeerr ttoo eexxtteerrnnaall sscchhooooll iinnttrraanneett oorr aa vviirrttuuaall kkeeyyppaadd ((vvPPaadd)) ccoonnnneecctteedd IInntteerrnneett aapppplliiccaattiioonnss,, ssuucchh aass ggrraaddeebbooookk ssooffttwwaarree.. CCoonntteenntt--rreeaaddyy tteemmppllaatteess pprroovviiddeedd;; ooppttiioonnaall wwiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessssllyy tthhrroouugghh IInntteerrnneett)) ccoonntteenntt pprroovviiddeedd tthhrroouugghh TThhoommssoonn LLeeaarrnniinngg CCoorrppoorraattiioonn.. 20 Learning & Leading with Technology Volume 32 Number 4 Copyright © 2004, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 1.800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 1.541.302.3777 (Int’l), [email protected], www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Feature TTiittllee//UURRLL PPrriiccee HHaarrddwwaarer eR eRqeuqirueidred TTrraannssmmisissisoino nM eMtheotdhod IInnppuutt A Alllolwoweded SSppeecciaial lF eFaetautruesres CCllaassssIInnHHaanndd SSooffttwwaarree iiss ffrreeee.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) IInnssttrruuccttoorr uusseess PPoocckkeettPPCC wwiitthh aa wwiirreelleessss ccaarrdd,, IInntteerrnneett FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd DDeevveellooppeedd bbyy tthhee IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn SSyysstteemmss DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt aatt WWaakkee FFoorreesstt UUnniivveerrssiittyy.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss can hhttttpp::////ccllaassssiinnhhaanndd..wwffuu..eedduu aanndd ssttuuddeennttss uussee aannyy ddeevviiccee ((hhaannddhheelldd,, llaappttoopp,, or creamn oretemlyo cteolny tcrooln Ptroowl eProPwoeinrPt opirnets pernetasetinotnast iaonnds arencde riveec efeiveed fbeaecdkb ianc kth irne eth froerem fso.rms. odre sdketsokpt)o cpo) ncnoencnteecdt etod tthoe t hInet eInrtneertn.et. CCllaassssrroooomm PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee SSyysstteemm $$11,,999955,, iinncclluuddeess 3322 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, ccaarrrryyiinngg KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy eeIInnssttrruuccttiioonn OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm eeiigghhtt--kkeeyy IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann aassssoocciiaattee tthheeiirr qquueessttiioonnss wwiitthh ssttaattee ssttaannddaarrddss pprroovviiddeedd wwiitthh ssooffttwwaarree aanndd hhttttpp::////wwwwww..eeiinnssttrruuccttiioonn..ccoomm ccaassee,, ssooffttwwaarree ssiittee lliicceennssee,, ffrreeee ssooffttwwaarree uuppggrraaddeess,, kkeeyyppaadd ccaann iinntteeggrraattee qquueessttiioonnss ffrroomm 22,,880000 tteexxttbbooookkss.. oonnlliinnee ttrraaiinniinngg.. tteecchhnniiccaall ssuuppppoorrtt,, aanndd lliiffeettiimmee wwaarrrraannttyy oonn hhaarrddwwaarree.. DDiissccoouurrssee $$33,,000000 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr aa 3300--wwoorrkkssttaattiioonn PPoorrttaabbllee iinnffrraarreedd kkeeyybbooaarrddss oorr aannyy PPCC oorr AAppppllee WWiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessss ((880022..1111 FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd WWiiddee vvaarriieettyy ooff qquueessttiioonn ffoorrmmaattss,, iinncclluuddiinngg ccoommpplleetteellyy ooppeenn--eennddeedd qquueessttiioonnss.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss hhttttpp::////wwwwww..eettss..oorrgg//ddiissccoouurrssee// ssyysstteemm.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) SScchhooooll ssiittee ddeevviiccee ((hhaannddhheelldd,, llaappttoopp,, oorr ddeesskkttoopp)).. TThhee ssttuuddeenntt ssttaannddaarrdd)) nneettwwoorrkk,, IInntteerrnneett ccaann aasssseessss uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg bbyy vviieewwiinngg ooppeenn--eennddeedd rreessppoonnsseess aass ssttuuddeennttss ttyyppee aanndd ccaann lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. ddeevviicceess mmaayy bbee PPCC,, AAppppllee,, PPaallmm,, oorr PPoocckkeettPPCC,, oorr iinnttrraanneett ssaavvee aallll rreessppoonnsseess ttoo aa ddaattaabbaassee.. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann sseelleecctt aannyy rreessppoonnssee ttoo sshhooww ppuubblliiccllyy oonn a bbuutt tthhee tteeaacchheerr ddeevviiccee mmuusstt bbee aa PPCC.. asc srcereene no ro TrV T. VS. tSutduednetns trse rceeciveeiv efe feedebdabcakc ok no nth tehire ikre kyebyobaoradr do ro cro cmompuptuetr.er. HHyyppeerr IInntteerraaccttiivvee TTeeaacchhiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggyy ((HH--IITTTT)) $$889900,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, aanndd KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy HHyyppeerr--IInntteerraaccttiivvee IInnffrraarreedd tteecchhnnoollooggyy MMuullttii--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm fifi vvee--kkeeyy SSttuuddeennttss ee--mmaaiill tthheeiirr kkeeyyppaadd IIDD aanndd nnaammee ttoo tthhee iinnssttrruuccttoorr,, aanndd tthhee ssooffttwwaarree bbuuiillddss tthhee hhttttpp::////wwwwww..hh--iitttt..ccoomm ccaabblliinngg.. TTeeaacchhiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggyy kkeeyyppaadd wwiitthh oonnee mmooddiififi eerr kkeeyy rroosstteerr aauuttoommaattiiccaallllyy.. SSooffttwwaarree llooaaddss mmuullttiippllee qquueessttiioonn fifi llee ffoorrmmaattss,, iinncclluuddiinngg bbooookk ppuubblliisshheerr tteesstt bbaannkkss,, aanndd iinntteeggrraatteess wwiitthh WWeebbCCTT aanndd BBllaacckkbbooaarrdd.. IInntteerrWWrriittee PPRRSS ((PPeerrssoonnaall RReessppoonnssee SSyysstteemm)) $$11,,224400,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy GGTTCCOO CCaallCCoommpp OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy oorr mmuullttiippllee--ddiiggiitt eennttrryy hhttttpp::////wwwwww..ggttccooccaallccoommpp..ccoomm//iinntteerrwwrriitteepprrss..hhttmm aanndd ccaabblleess ffrroomm 1100--kkeeyy kkeeyyppaadd wwiitthh ttwwoo mmooddiififi eerr kkeeyyss NNuummiinnaa IIII ssttuuddeenntt rreessppoonnssee ssyysstteemmss FFrreeee,, WWeebb--bbaasseedd ssoolluuttiioonn tthhaatt rruunnss oonn aa sseerrvveerr aatt AAnnyy wwiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessss ddeevviiccee wwiitthh aa bbrroowwsseerr IInntteerrnneett SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm mmoouussee oorr CCooooppeerraattiivvee eeffffoorrtt aammoonngg ffaaccuullttyy aatt tthhee UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff NNoorrtthh CCaarroolliinnaa aatt WWiillmmiinnggttoonn aanndd hhttttpp::////aaaa..uunnccww..eedduu//nnuummiinnaa//ssrrss// UUNNCCWW ((HHaarrddwwaarree iiss nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) ccoonnnneecctteedd ttoo tthhee IInntteerrnneett kkeeyybbooaarrdd sseevveerraall ccoorrppoorraattee aanndd ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt ssppoonnssoorrss.. PPoocckkeettCCllaassssrroooomm ((PPoocckkeettPPCC))//LLeeaarrnnTTrraacc ((PPaallmm)) $$88,,449999 PPoocckkeettCCllaassssrroooomm ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr fifi rrsstt AAnnyy PPoocckkeett PPCC oorr PPaallmm OOSS ddeevviiccee IInnffrraarreedd,, WWiiFFii,, wwiiddee aarreeaa FFuullll tteexxtt eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyybbooaarrdd OOffffeerrss fifi llee eexxcchhaannggee,, ddeevviiccee mmaannaaggeemmeenntt,, ddooccuummeenntt wwoorrkkflfl ooww,, hhoommeewwoorrkk mmaannaaggeemmeenntt,, hhttttpp::////wwwwww..rreeaaddiinneessssccoo..ccoomm 5500 sseeaattss.. ((DDooeessnn’’tt iinncclluuddee hhaarrddwwaarree..)) SScchhooooll ssiittee nneettwwoorrkk,, aanndd IInntteerrnneett ppoolllliinngg,, qquuiizzzziinngg,, aalliiggnneedd aasssseessssmmeennttss,, tteessttiinngg,, ggrraaddeebbooookk,, aannaallyyssiiss,, rreeppoorrttiinngg,, ssyyllllaabbuuss,, lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. $$77,,889999 LLeeaarrnnTTrraaccPPrroo ssooffttwwaarree aauuttoommaatteedd aatttteennddaannccee,, aanndd tteesstt rreevviieewwss aanndd rreeppoorrtt ccaarrddss.. CCoonntteenntt--nneeuuttrraall ppllaattffoorrmm aalllloowwiinngg lliicceennssee ffoorr fifi rrsstt 5500 sseeaattss.. ((DDooeessnn’’tt iinncclluuddee hhaarrddwwaarree..)) iimmppoorrtt oorr iinnppuutt ooff ddeessiirreedd ccoonntteenntt.. TThhee vveennddoorr ooffffeerrss ccuussttoommiizzeedd ccoonntteenntt sseerrvviicceess.. SScchhooooll ssiittee lliicceennsseess aavvaaiillaabbllee.. QQwwiizzddoomm IInntteerraaccttiivvee LLeeaarrnniinngg SSyysstteemm $$119955 ffoorr ssooffttwwaarree aalloonnee.. $$22,,225555 ffoorr ppaacckkaaggee,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy QQwwiizzddoomm TTwwoo--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd MMuullttiippllee kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm 1199--kkeeyy WWiitthh ttwwoo--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn,, ssttuuddeennttss rreecceeiivvee vviissuuaall ccoonnfifi rrmmaattiioonn ffrroomm aa lliigghhtt on the hhttttpp::////wwwwww..qqwwiizzddoomm..ccoomm iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3300 kkeeyyppaaddss,, iinnssttrruuccttoorr kkeeyyppaadd,, kkeeyyppaadd okeny tphaed k. eSyopfatwda. rSeo pftewramreit sp oeprmenit-se onpdeend- neunmdeedr inc uamnsewrice rasn, sinwcelursd,i ningc flruadcintigon fsra acntido ndse cainmda ls, rreecceeiivveerr,, ccaarrrryyiinngg ccaassee,, aanndd ccaabbllee.. danecdi mopaelsn,- aenndd eodp etenx-te anndsewd etresx tw ahnesnw uesrse dw ihne an luosceadl ainre aa lnoectawl oarrke.a V neentdwoor rske. lVlse nedxtoern sseivlles elibxtreanrys iovef slitbarnadray rodfs -sbtaansdeadr dcus-rrbiacuseludm c usrorfitcwualurme, csuosfttwomariez,a cbules tboym uizsaebr,l ew bhyic uhs ceor,n wtahinicsh cleosnstoaninss, qleusizszoenss,, qquueizszteiosn, sq aunedst iaonnssw aenrds, apnhsowtoegrsra, pphhso taongdra iplluhsst raantdio nillsu,s atrnadti onninse, adnifdfe nreinnet dleiaffrenrienngt gleaamrneisn.g games. RRxxSShhooww $$994499 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr FFuullll FFuunnccttiioonn RRxxSShhooww.. KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr((ss)) ssoolldd bbyy ootthheerr vveennddoorrss OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd oorr ttwwoo-- SSiinnggllee-- aanndd mmuullttiippllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy IInnssttrruuccttoorrss eemmbbeedd PPoowweerrPPooiinntt qquueessttiioonnss aanndd tteessttss,, rreecceeiivvee aannsswweerrss,, pplloott ggrraapphhss wwiitthhiinn hhttttpp::////wwwwww..rrxxsshhooww..ccoomm//iinnddeexx..hhttmm $$337799 ssooffttwwaarree lliicceennssee ffoorr RRxxSShhooww LLiittee.. ((HHaarrddwwaarree wwaayy rraaddiioo ffrreeqquueennccyy ffrroomm kkeeyyppaaddss sslliiddee sshhoowwss,, aanndd ssaavvee ssttuuddeenntt aannsswweerrss iinn AAcccceessss aanndd EExxcceell.. TThhee vveennddoorr ssuupppplliieess nnoott iinncclluuddeedd.. KK––1122 ccuussttoommeerrss rreecceeiivvee 1100%% PPoowweerrPPooiinntt--rreeaaddyy vviissuuaallss ccaalllleedd PPooppiinnss.. ddiissccoouunntt..)) TTII--NNaavviiggaattoorr $$44,,000000 ffoorr 3322--ssttuuddeenntt ssyysstteemm,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree CCllaassssrroooomm PPCC,, TTII aacccceessss ppooiinntt,, wwiirreelleessss hhuubbss,, TTII 880022..1111bb wwiirreelleessss aacccceessss MMuullttiippllee--ddiiggiitt eennttrryy ffrroomm TTII LLeeaarrnniinnggCChheecckk ffoorr aasssseessssiinngg ssttuuddeenntt uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg,, CCaabbrrii JJrr.. pprreeddrraawwnn ggeeoommeettrryy fifi gguurreess,, hhttttpp::////eedduuccaattiioonn..ttii..ccoomm//nnaavviiggaattoorr lliicceennssee,, aacccceessss ppooiinntt,, ffoouurr hhuubbss,, aanndd aa cchhaarrggiinngg bbaayy.. ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss,, aanndd hhuubb cchhaarrggiinngg bbaayy ((aallll bbuutt ppooiinnttss ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss CCeellllSShheeeett sspprreeaaddsshheeeett ccoommppaattiibbllee wwiitthh EExxcceell,, aanndd NNootteeFFoolliioo ffoorr lleeccttuurree nnootteess.. TThhee vveennddoorr ((TTII ggrraapphhiinngg ccaallccuullaattoorrss nnoott iinncclluuddeedd..)) PPCC aanndd ggrraapphhiinngg hhaannddhheellddss ssoolldd iinn TTII--NNaavviiggaattoorr ooffffeerrss mmoorree tthhaann 660000 ffrreeee ccllaassssrroooomm aaccttiivviittiieess oonn tthhee IInntteerrnneett.. CCllaassssrroooomm kkiitt)) TTuurrnniinnggPPooiinntt $$11,,999955,, iinncclluuddeess ssooffttwwaarree,, 3322 kkeeyyppaaddss,, rreecceeiivveerr,, KKeeyyppaaddss aanndd rreecceeiivveerr ppaacckkaaggeedd wwiitthh ssooffttwwaarree oorr OOnnee--wwaayy iinnffrraarreedd,, ttwwoo--wwaayy SSiinnggllee--kkeeyy eennttrryy ffrroomm kkeeyyppaaddss TTuurrnniinnggPPooiinntt ttooooll bbaarr iinntteeggrraatteess iinnttoo tthhee MMSS OOfffifi ccee SSuuiittee ((PPoowweerrPPooiinntt,, EExxcceell,, WWoorrdd,, aanndd hhttttpp::////ttuurrnniinnggtteecchhnnoollooggiieess..ccoomm aanndd ccaarrrryyiinngg ccaassee.. llaappttooppss,, ddeesskkttooppss,, oorr hhaannddhheellddss ccoonnnneecctteedd tthhrroouugghh rraaddiioo ffrreeqquueennccyy,, iinnttrraanneett oorr OOuuttllooookk)).. IInnssttrruuccttoorrss ccaann vviieeww rreessuullttss wwiitthh pprreeffoorrmmaatttteedd rreeppoorrttss oorr ttrraannssffeerr ttoo eexxtteerrnnaall sscchhooooll iinnttrraanneett oorr aa vviirrttuuaall kkeeyyppaadd ((vvPPaadd)) ccoonnnneecctteedd IInntteerrnneett aapppplliiccaattiioonnss,, ssuucchh aass ggrraaddeebbooookk ssooffttwwaarree.. CCoonntteenntt--rreeaaddyy tteemmppllaatteess pprroovviiddeedd;; ooppttiioonnaall wwiirreedd oorr wwiirreelleessssllyy tthhrroouugghh IInntteerrnneett)) ccoonntteenntt pprroovviiddeedd tthhrroouugghh TThhoommssoonn LLeeaarrnniinngg CCoorrppoorraattiioonn.. December/January 2004–05 Learning & Leading with Technology 21 Copyright © 2004, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 1.800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 1.541.302.3777 (Int’l), [email protected], www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Feature constructed-response questions (e.g., Who Is Using Student Response Systems? short-answer or essay). What Equipment Is Required? ones if they contain some common misconceptions. Answer B might show Hardware. With keypad and receiv- the relationship backwards or inverted, er equipment, a teacher develops and Answer C might include a decimal selected-response questions in the point error. Depending on their answer, software and then displays them with I get a sense of what the mistake was a projector connected to the teacher’s UUsseerrss ccoonnttiinnuueedd ffrroomm pp.. 1199.. in their thinking.” Montgomery doesn’t always display computer. Students point their key- The University of Cincinnati. Malcolm the correct answer immediately; he pads, a small handheld device like a Montgomery is a former high school may fi rst ask students to discuss their TV remote control, toward the re- teacher who now works at the University answers with each other. “Students are ceiver and press a key to answer. of Cincinnati as an educational systems more likely to ask a question or admit technologist and adjunct instructor. that they don’t know if they see there Th e receiver is about the size of a He teaches Basic Electric Circuits and are other people in the same boat,” paperback book and is connected to Electronics Fundamentals and uses the he says. “I’ll get more participation the teacher’s computer through TurningPoint student response system after using TurningPoint.” The student a USB or serial port. in his classes. Turning Point includes response system seems to raise Keypads employ one-way infrared, hardware and software and boasts easy student engagement. It also provides integration into Microsoft Offi ce software. an easy way for teachers to record quiz two-way infrared, or radio frequency “TurningPoint provides a beautiful add- grades, eliminating data entry. technology. With a one-way infra- in to PowerPoint, which makes it so easy Montgomery believes that student red keypad, students must watch to create the question slides and the response systems are not just for the projected screen to determine if response slides,” Montgomery explains. math and science classes but lend An instructor can give a presentation, themselves to courses that feature their responses registered. Th e screen intersperse it with questions, obtain open-ended discussions. For example, displays a table containing a cell for student responses from keypads, and TurningPoint provides opinion survey each device; the cell turns blue when display the results, all within PowerPoint. questions that permit the instructor the transmission is received. One-way “TurningPoint gives me feedback to poll the class on a current event infrared technology processes keypad about what the students understand,” before discussing it. As Montgomery Montgomery says. “For example, I can notes, “The fi rst opinion voiced in transmissions sequentially, so simul- present a concept in basic electricity. a discussion seems to carry the taneous transmissions collide. As a After covering the topic, I’ll give them most weight. It’s important to get a result, students may have to transmit a numeric problem and ask them to divergence of opinions on the table repeatedly before the student response solve it. I’ll put up a TurningPoint slide at the beginning of a discussion that has the question and four answers. to prevent the fi rst response from system receives the signal. Th is is The four answers I’ve picked are good becoming the dominant point of view.” not the case with two-way infrared and radio frequency keypads. Th ese Answers continued from p. 19. nology, nearly 30 studies have now devices provide bidirectional commu- yearly summative assessments. On- reported learning benefi ts from early nication, sending confi rmation back going technology-facilitated assess- implementation of these systems, to students that their responses have ment through the use of student including enhanced student engage- been received. Several researchers have response systems can be a powerful ment, increased subject matter un- cautioned about using one-way infra- means of responding to schools’ derstanding, and improved classroom red devices in very large classrooms accountability needs. discussion. where student responses are recorded Student response systems can What Are Student be grouped into several categories. Response Systems? Some use a keypad and receiver Student response systems are inter- to communicate from student to active technologies that enable teach- teacher; others use handheld, laptop, ers to conduct ongoing formative or desktop computers with wireless assessments. Th ese systems allow or wired connections to the Internet. teachers to ask questions, receive Some systems only allow selected- student answers, and display the re- response questions (e.g., multiple Keypads included sults electronically. Although student choice, true/false, or opinion survey), with some student response systems are a fairly new tech- while others allow both selected- and response systems look like TV remotes. 22 Learning & Leading with Technology Volume 32 Number 4 Copyright © 2004, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 1.800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 1.541.302.3777 (Int’l), [email protected], www.iste.org. All rights reserved. Feature Discourse software allows the instructor to view students’ answers to multiple choice questions. The software auto- matically grades the answers and sends feedback to the students. A multiple-choice question displayed by TurningPoint software. The instructor’s monitor displays students’ responses, as they are typed, to an open-ended question from Discourse software. Student responses summarized by TurningPoint software. • Off ering remotely controlled Although teachers cannot always presentations and assessments see how students think, the use of by instructor ongoing, formative assessments, for grading purposes because students • Integrating student response facilitated by student response sys- become anxious that the system may assessments within PowerPoint tems, brings them ever closer to that miss their response. presentations elusive goal. With current educational With wireless or wired equipment, stakes so high, schools would be wise students respond with handhelds, Conclusion to explore the utility of such systems laptops, or desktop computers that Student response systems provide an for their own organizations. transmit through the Internet. Th e easy and convenient way to conduct results are displayed on the teacher’s ongoing formative assessments. David Johnson is a doctoral computer and shown through a student in the Instructional Benefi ts of using such systems screen projector. Systems and Technology pro- include: gram at the University of Software. Typically, student response Minnesota and technology • Providing quick feedback about systems allow teachers to create se- coordinator for the School student comprehension for both lected response questions in advance Technology Leadership Initia- teacher and student tive. Th e initiative is designed to help school or while teaching. • Permitting timely remediation by administrators eff ectively facilitate the imple- Teachers may record student re- teacher mentation of technology in schools and school sponses in a gradebook, which also districts and is the only graduate program in the • Reducing clerical work for teachers, serves as a record of attendance. To country that comprehensively addresses the full eliminating the need to grade quiz- spectrum of ISTE’s National Educational Tech- record scores, the teacher creates a zes and record scores by hand nology Standards for Administrators. table mapping student names to de- • Promoting participation from vice numbers. Other student response Dr. Scott McLeod is an all students assistant professor in the system features include: • Stimulating classroom community Department of Educational • Integrating questions from • Providing practice reading and Policy and Administration at the University of Minnesota textbooks writing and project director for the • Associating questions with • Promoting communication for School Technology Leadership state standards students afraid to speak in class Initiative. December/January 2004–05 Learning & Leading with Technology 23 Copyright © 2004, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 1.800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 1.541.302.3777 (Int’l), [email protected], www.iste.org. All rights reserved.
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