ERIC ED418843: Science and Engineering Degrees: 1966-95. Detailed Statistical Tables.

98 Pages·1997·1.1 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 418 843
SE 061 257
AUTHOR
Hill, Susan T., Comp.
TITLE
Science and Engineering Degrees: 1966-95. Detailed
Statistical Tables.
INSTITUTION
National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Div. of Science
Resources Studies.
REPORT NO
NSF-97-335
PUB DATE
1997-00-00
NOTE
97p.
AVAILABLE FROM
National Science Foundation, Div. of Science Resources
Studies, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230, phone:
[phone], fax:
[phone].
PUB TYPE
Numerical/Quantitative Data (110)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Bachelors Degrees; *Degrees (Academic); Doctoral Degrees;
*Engineering Education; Higher Education; Masters Degrees;
*Science Education; Sciences; *Statistical Distributions;
Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); Technology; *Womens
Education
ABSTRACT
This report is based on final data obtained from several
federal surveys including the U.S. Department of Education's Survey of
Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred, the Integrated Postsecondary
Education Data Systems (IPEDS) Completions Survey, and the Survey of Earned
Doctorates, the last of which is conducted annually for the National Science
Foundation (NSF). The data cover earned degrees conferred in the aggregate
United States which includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and
U.S. Territories and outlying areas. Statistical charts show numbers and
percentages of degrees awarded in science and engineering fields by major
field, sex, and degree level from 1966 to 1995. Tables show in detail the
number of degrees awarded in various fields arranged by degree level, sex of
recipient, and major field group. Percentage distribution of degrees awarded
is also shown. Degree data are compiled for a 12-month period, July through
June, of the following year. The data from earlier years are presented as
consistently as possible with the classifications used in the current
Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). The data have been
reclassified according to NSF field categories where appropriate.
(PVD)
********************************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
********************************************************************************
Science and
Engineering
Degrees
1966 -95
Detailed Statistical Tables
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
',FM's- document has been reproduced as
received from the person or organization
,
originating it.
Minor changes have been made to
improve reproduction quality.
Points of view or opinions stated in this
document do not necessarily represent
official OERI position or policy.
BEST COPY
AVAILABLE
Division of Science Resources Studies
Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences
2
National Science Foundation
NSF 97-335
Science and
Engineering
Degrees
1966 -95
Detailed Statistical Tables
Susan T. Hill, Project Officer
Division of Science Resources Studies
Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences
National Science Foundation
NSF 97-335
3
Suggested Citation
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies,
Science and Engineering Degrees: 1966-95, NSF 97-335, by
Susan T. Hill (Arlington, VA, 1997).
Availability of Publications
Single copies are available free of charge from the Division of
Science Resources Studies, National Science Foundation, Arlington,
VA 22230. SRS data are also available through the World Wide Web
( http: / /www.nsf.gov /sbe /srs /stats.htm). If you are a user of electronic
mail and have access to Internet, you may order publications elec-
tronically. Send requests to [email protected]. In your request include
the NSF publication number and title, your name, and a complete
mailing address. Printed publications may also be ordered by tele-
phone [phone]. Please allow 4 weeks for delivery.
Telephonic Device for the Deaf
[phone]
Contributors
Tabulations and charts were prepared by Quantum Research
Corp. for the National Science Foundation. The project officer
for this report was Susan T. Hill.
4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
and final composition for this report. Quantum Re-
The development of Science and Engineering
search Corp. (QRC) of Bethesda, MD, under NSF
Degrees: 1966-95, was managed by Susan T. Hill,
contract number SRS-9423167, prepared the tables,
Analyst, National Science Foundation (NSF), Division
charts, and report copy. QRC staff members who
of Science Resources Studies (SRS), Science and
worked on this project were Heidi L. Clark, Teresa L.
Engineering Education and Human Resources Program
Grimes, George J. Nozicka, Elizabeth H. Peto, and
(EDU), under the overall direction of Mary J. Golladay,
Jennifer D. Ranwez.
Program Director, NSF, SRS, EDU. Anne Houghton
and Julia Harriston provided copyediting, processing,
5
111
CONTENTS
Page
Section
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
iii
GENERAL NOTES
1
SECTION A. TECHNICAL NOTES
3
SECTION B. STATISTICAL CHARTS
7
SECTION C. DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
19
SECTION D. CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMS
89
GETTING INFORMATION ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB
ORDER FORM
GENERAL NOTES
classifications, including the introduction of new
This publication is based on data obtained from
specialties. The data for earlier years are presented as
several Federal agencies that had acquired them as part
consistently as possible with the classifications used in
of their general statistics programs. The bachelor's and
the current Classification of Instructional Programs
master's degree data were obtained from universe
(Washington, DC, Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
institution surveys of the National Center for Educa-
Government Printing Office). See the Technical Notes
tion Statistics (NCES), U.S. Department of Education.
for further information on the field classifications used.
Data on doctorates are from the Survey of Earned
Doctorates, a universe survey of individual doctorate
The publication focuses on degrees in science and
recipients that is sponsored by the National Science
engineering fields, and, where appropriate, the data
Foundation (NSF) and four other Federal agencies, and
have been reclassified according to NSF field catego-
were collected by the National Research Council.
ries. This report supersedes previous editions, not only
Estimates of population in the various age categories
because it includes later data, but because fields classi-
are based on data that were collected and published by
fied as science and engineering differ slightly, espe-
the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of
cially in the social sciences at the doctorate level, from
Commerce.
those of past editions. It should be noted that data on
engineering technology degrees and degrees in the
The data in this report cover earned degrees con-
health/medical sciences are not included in the science
ferred in the aggregate United States, which comprises
and engineering totals here. The time series for this
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S.
report begins in 1966.
Territories and Outlying Areas (American Samoa, the
former Canal Zone, the Northern Mariana Islands,
For more information, please contact the NSF
Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust
author
Territory of the Pacific Islands). Degree data are
compiled for a 12-month period, July through June of
Susan T. Hill
the following year. For convenience, degrees in a given
Division of Science Resources Studies
July-through-June period are referred to by the year in
National Science Foundation
which the period ended; e.g., 1995 means the 12-month
4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965
period ending June 1995.
Arlington, VA 22230
It is difficult to establish a completely consistent
Telephone: [phone], ext. 6915
series of degree data over a long period of time be-
Internet: [email protected]
cause of changes in definitions, instructions, and field
LE
HAMA
11
BEST COPY
2)
SECTION A.
TECHNICAL NOTES
8
3
This report is based on final data from several
administrative personnel. The data are collected
Federal surveys. Two of them are the U.S. Department
according to sex of recipient and field of study. In 1995,
of Education's Survey of Degrees and Other Formal
the final universe of institutions granting bachelor's or
Awards Conferred, and the Integrated Postsecondary
higher level degrees was 2,793. Each year between
Education Data System (IPEDS) Completions Survey
1966 and 1995, institutional responses to these surveys
conducted annually by the National Center for Educa-
exceeded 85 percent. Imputations for nonresponse
tion Statistics (NCES), earlier conducted as Higher
were based on the previous year's response for an
Education General Information Survey (HEGIS). A
institution, if available. Because the data in this report
third is the Survey of Earned Doctorates, conducted
include those for institutions in the U.S. territories, they
annually for the National Science Foundation (NSF)
may differ from numbers published by NCES that
and four other Federal agencies. In addition, population
relate only to the 50 States and the District of Columbia
data on various age groups for tables 56-58 were
and their field groupings. Data on degrees by field of
obtained from Current Population Surveys conducted
study were collected according to the Classification of
by the Census Bureau. Each source is described in
Instructional Programs, developed by NCES. Four
more detail in the following sections.
field classification systems were used during the 1966-
95 period. (See "Current Classification Schemes.")
Data from the Survey of Degrees and Other
Formal Awards Conferred and from the Completions
DOCTORAL DEGREE DATA
Survey were used to report the number of bachelor's
In the Survey of Earned Doctorates, information is
and master's degrees. The data on doctoral degrees in
collected during the period of July 1 of one year to
this report were derived from the Survey of Earned
June 30 of the next from all persons who have fulfilled
Doctorates, which surveyed all individuals earning
the requirements for a research doctorate. The survey
research doctorates, rather than from the Completions
is funded jointly by NSF and four other agencies: the
Survey, which surveyed the institutions awarding the
U.S. Department of Education, the National Institutes
doctorates. The Survey of Earned Doctorate data were
of Health, the National Endowment for the Humani-
preferred because the data provided by individuals are
ties, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The
more specific with respect to the field of specialization
National Research Council sent the survey forms to all
and are less prone to errors in data reporting and data
accredited doctorate-granting institutions for distribu-
entry than are the data provided in aggregates by
tion by the graduate deans to all research doctorate
institutions. Furthermore, doctorate data provide
recipients as they complete degree requirements.
100 percent coverage for data by field and sex of
Information collected in the survey comprises demo-
individual recipients, whereas institutional data are
graphic data, such as the student's sex, citizenship, and
subject to imputation for nonresponse. For a compari-
racial/ethnic group; education history, including field
son of reporting on doctoral degrees in the Comple-
of degrees; sources of graduate student support; em-
tions Survey and the Survey of Earned Doctorates, see
ployment status during the year preceding receipt of
National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering
the doctorate; postgraduation plans; and background on
Doctorates: 1960-91, NSF 93-301, Detailed Statistical
parents' education. Approximately 92-95 percent of
Tables (Washington, DC, 1993).
the doctorate recipients complete and return the survey
BACHELOR'S AND MASTER' S
forms. For nonrespondents, commencement programs
constituted a source of skeletal information that was
DEGREE DATA
added to the file. These variables were sex, field of
study, institution, year of doctorate, and educational
In the Survey of Degrees and Other Formal Awards
background. Consequently, for the variables used in
Conferred and in the Completions Survey, data are
this report, there is complete coverage. Data are up-
collected on all degrees conferred between July 1 and
dated annually from completed survey forms submitted
June 30 from the universe of accredited institutions of
belatedly by previous nonrespondents; therefore, data
higher education in the 50 States, the District of
on doctorates are subject to revision and may differ
Columbia, and the U.S. Territories and Outlying Areas.
very slightly from reports published earlier.
The survey forms are filled out by institution
BEST COP/ AVAILABLE
5
9
count of U.S. residents in the decennial censuses. The
POPULATION DATA
completeness of coverage is estimated to be 97.3
Published reports of the Bureau of the Census,
percent for 22-year-olds, 97.8 percent for 24-year-olds,
U.S. Department of Commerce provided estimates of
and 99.8 percent for 30-year-olds.
population in the various age classifications, based
on
sample household surveys. All documents used
were
from Current Population Surveys, Series P-25, esti-
FIELD CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES
mates for the total population as of July 1 of each year.
Data for years 1970-79 were obtained from Current
It is difficult to establish a completely consistent
Population Surveys, "Preliminary Estimates of the
series of degree data over a long period of time, given
Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and
changes in field classifications and evolving fields of
Race: 1970 to 1981," No. 917, 1982. Data for 1980-89
study. Data for the earlier years are presented
as con-
were obtained from "United States Population Esti-
sistently as possible with the current classification
mates by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1980 to
schemes of fields of study, which show the Comple-
1991," No. 1095, February 1993 (Washington, DC:
tions and the Survey of Earned Doctorates field codes
Superintendent of Documents, GPO). Data for
used in this report, (beginning in section Dpage 91).
1990-94 are from "United States Population Estimates
by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to
Note that the data in this report have been grouped
1995," No. PPL-41, February 1996 (Washington, DC:
into the science and engineering categories used by
Superintendent of Documents, GPO). Data
are for
NSF. It should be noted that data on engineering
the total U.S. population taken from table 1 of each
technology degrees and degrees in health/medical
report cited. These data include the population of the
fields are not included in the science and engineering
50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Armed
totals here. Therefore, data in this report
may differ
Forces overseas, but exclude residents of Puerto Rico
from those in reports published by the U.S. Department
and the U.S. Territories and Outlying Areas. These
of Education.
estimates do not make any allowances for the under-
A0
6