ERIC ED374943: California Latina/Latino Demographic Data Book. A Policy Research Program Report.

89 Pages·1992·2.1 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 374 943
RC 019 801
AUTHOR
Gey, Fredric C.; And Others
TITLE
California Latina/Latino Demographic Data Book. A
Policy Research Program Report.
INSTITUTION
California Univ., Berkeley. California Policy
Seminar.
PUB DATE
92
NOTE
99p.; Some statistical graphics may not reproduce
clearly. This full report is summarized in CPS Brief
v5 nl January 1993, which has
same title (copy
appended).
AVAILABLE FROM
California Policy Seminar, 2020 Milvia Street, Suite
412, Berkeley, CA 94704 ($12; add $3 for first
class;
check payable to UC Regents).
PUB TYPE
Statistical Data (110)
Reports
Research /Technical (143)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Census Figures; Citizenship; *Demography;
*Educational Attainment; Elementary Secondary
Education; Employment Level; English (Second
Language); Ethnic Groups; Higher Education; Housing;
Immigrants; Income; Mexican American Education;
*Mexican Americans; *Population Distribution;
Poverty; *Socioeconomic Status; Voting
IDENTIFIERS
*California; *Latinos
ABSTRACT
This report presents demographic data
on California's
Latino population. Data
sources include census reports from 1980 and
1990; the 1990 Annual Demographic File;
the 1990 and 1988 Voter
Supplements; and the 1988 Fertility, Birth Expectation,
and
Immigration Study. The report includes the following
information:
(1)
general demographic statistics regarding Latinos in
California and
the United States, including the number and proportion
of Latinos
within the California population and cross-tabulations
by age .and
gender, as well as cross-tabulations by both
race and Latino
ethnicity; (2) geographic distribution and living
arrangements of
California Latinos, including where Latinos live
within the state on
both a county and city level, whether they
rent or own, and size and
type of household; (3) educational attainment
of California's Latino
population (overall, for Latino subgroups, and in
comparison with
other racial and ethnic groups), including statistics
for current
school enrollment, language skills, and primary
language spoken at
home;
(4) economic variables such
as occupation, employment, income,
and poverty rates, with details
on unskilled workers and farm
laborers;
(5) comparisons between citizen and noncitizen
Latinos and
citizens of other racial groups
on variables such as age, gender,
education, occupation, housing tenure, and
area of residence;
(6)
voter registration; and (7) comparisons
among immigrant populations
in Latino and non-Latino racial categories.
Includes numerous tables
and a summary that was published separately. (LP)
report
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CALIFORNIA POLICY SEMINAR
IS A JOINT PROGRAM OF THE
'UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AND STATE GOVERNMENT
California Latina/Latino Demographic
Data Book
Fredric C. Gey,
J. Eric Olivet,
Benjamin Highton,
Darwin Tu, and
Raymond E. Wolfinger
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS
Office of Educational RIoarch and Improvement
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
/This/This document has been reproduced as
from Ow poison or organization
originating
O Minor changes have been made to 'roomy*
reproduction Quality
Points of view a; °potions stated m this doc
ment do not necessarily repomint official
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
The views and opinions
OERI position or policy
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
expressed in this report are
ithose of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent
California Policy Seminar
or the Regents of the
1/ niversity of California.
CO
A Policy Research Program Report
C.7)
tik
z
2020 M1LVIA STREET, SUITE 412
BERKELEY, CA 94704
[phone]
ATSS 6/502-5514
41U.
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
2
California Latina/Latino Demographic
Data Book
Fredric C. Gey,
J. Eric Oliver,
Benjamin Highton,
Darwin Tu, and
Raymond E. Wolfinger
California Policy Seminar
Research Report
1992
3
Copyright © 1992
by the Regents of the University
of California
All rights reserved
California Policy Seminar
Milvia Street, Suite
2020
412
Berkeley, CA
94704
[phone]
4
The California Policy Seminar, which funded
this study, is a joint
program of the
University of California and state
government to link systemwide University
resources
with state policy concerns. The Seminar
sponsors research, conferences, seminars, and
publications pertaining to public policy issues
in California.
The research on which this report
was based was commissioned by the Policy Research
Program of the.California Policy Seminar. The
views and opinions expressed in this
report
are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the California
Policy Seminar or
the Regents of the University of California.
About the authors: Fredric C. Gey is
a data archivist at UC DATA (Data Archive &
Technical Assistance) at the Survey Research
Center, UC Berkeley, and J. Eric Oliver,
Benjamin Highton, and Darwin Tu
are research assistants there. Raymond E. Wolfinger,
this project's principal investigator, is
a professor of political science and until June 30,
1992, was director of I IC DATA.
About the data: The data used to create the tables
in the Data Book are available in the
form of two electronic files. The first file is
stored on computer tape readable by IBM
mainframe computers, and consists of the three
datasets from the Current Population
Surveys (1990 Annual Demographic File and the
1990 and 1988 November 'Voter
Supplement File, as well as the 1988 Immigration
Supplement File), together with the
SPSS code used to read the data files and
produce the tables. The second file is in the
form of ASCII and dBase-III files that contain,
on IBM-PC-compatible floppy disks, all
the data from the 1990 and 1980 Census
Summary Tape Files used in preparing this data
book. The floppy disk also contains selected
information for census tracts in Los Angeles
County with greater than 50 percent Latino population,
which were not published here for
reasons of space. For a cost of $25 each, these Latina/Latino Demographic
Computer Data
Files can be ordered by contacting Fern
Glover, UC DATA, 2533 Charming Way,
Berkeley, CA 94720; [phone]. Organizations
without mainframe computer tape-
handling capacity can contract with UC DATA
for additional tabulations and analysis
services.
Contents
Introduction
1
Section I: California Population Statistics
7
Population by Race/Ethnicity
California Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table and Figure 1-1
7
Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1980-1990
Table and Figure 1-2
8
Composition of the Latino Population
Composition of the California Latino Population, 1990
Table and Figure 1-3
9
Latino Population of the United States, by State, 1990
Table 1-4
10
Age and Gender Distributions
11
Ethnic Composition of Three Age Groups, 1990
Table 1-5, Figure 1-4
11
Population by Gender and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 1-6, Figure 1-5
12
Population by Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Age, 1990
Figure 1-6
13
Section 2: Geographic and Social Characteristics
15
Areas of Residence
Urbanicity of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 2-1, Figure 2-1
15
Population and Composition of Nine Largest CMSA/MSAs, 1990
Table 2-2
16
Latino Population of California Counties, 1990
Table 2-3
17
Percent of Latino Population in Counties, 1990
Figure 2-2
18
Composition of Latinos by County, 1990
Table 2-4
19
Change in Latino Population by County, 1980-1990
Table 2-5
21
Places with Populations At Least 50 Percent Latino, 1990
Table 2-6
22
Ethnic Composition of Eight Places with Largest Latino Populations,
1990
Table 2-7
24
6
Living Arrangements in California
Housing Tenure by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
25
Table 2-8, Figure 2-3
Gross Monthly Rent for Latinos and Non-Latinos, 1990
26
Table 2-9
Costs
Householders' Race/Ethnicity by Mortgage Status, Selected Owner
27
Table 2-10
1990
Householder Race/Ethnicity by Household Type, Children Under 18,
28
Table 2-11
Number of Individuals in Household, 1990
29
Figure 2-4
1990
Number of Individuals in Household Under 18 by Race-Ethnicity,
29
Figure 2-5
31
Section 3: Education and Language Ski IN
Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity and Gender
1990
Attainment for Population Over Age 24 by Race/Ethnicity,
31
Table 3-1, Figure 3-1
Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Differences in Attainment Over Age 24 by Gender and
32
Table 3-2
Attainment for Latino Population Over Age 24, 1990
33
Table 3-3
School Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, School Type, 1990
33
Table 3-4
Ability to Speak English
Over, 1990
Home Language and Linguistic Isolation, Age 5 Years and
34
Tzble 3-5
and Over, 1990
English Ability by Home Language and Age, Age 5 Years
37
Table 3-6
37
Section 4: Economic Statistics
Occupations
Occupation of California Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
37
Table 4-1
Occupation by Ethnic Origin, 1990
38
Table 4-2
Occupations by Gender and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
39
Table 4-3
Employment Status
Employment Status Over Age 15 by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
40
Table 4-4
and Gender, 1990
Unemployment Rates, Age 16 and Over, by Race/Ethnicity
41
Table 4-5
vi
ri
Employment Status, Over Age 15, by Gender and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 4-6
42
Income Distribution
43
Distribution of Yearly Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Figure 4-1
43
Change in Median Household Income, Predominantly Latino Cities, 1980-1990
Table 4-7
44
Poverty Levels
Poverty Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 4-8, Figure 4-2
45
Poverty Rates for Latino Population by Ethnicity, 1990
Table 4-9, Figure 4-3
46
Poverty Level by Type of Household by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 4-10
46
Comparison of Unskilled Workers and Farm Laborers
Income Levels for Latino Unskilled Workers and Farm Laborers, 1990
48
. .
.
. .
.
Table 4-11
Education Levels for Latino Unskilled Workers and Farm Laborers, 1990
Table 4-12
49
Gender Ratio of Latino Unskilled Workers and Farm Laborers, 1990
Table 4-13
49
Section 5: Citizenship
51
California Population by Race/Ethnicity
Latino Citizenship in Population Over Age 17 by Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-1, Figure 5-1
51
Citizenship of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Population Over 17, 1990
Table 5-2, Figure 5-2
52
Economic, Education, and Social Characteristics, Over Age 17
Income Levels by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-4, Figure 5-4
54
Age Distribution by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-5, Figure 5-5
55
Gender Distribution by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-6, Figure 5-6
56
Educational Levels by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-7, Figure 5-7
57
Employment Status by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-8
58
Occupations by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-9
59
Housing Tenure by Latino Citizenship and Race/Ethnicity, 1990
Table 5-10, Figure 5-8
60
vii
Metropolitan Latino Population Over Age 17 by Citizenship, 1990
61
Table 5-11a
Los Angeles Latino Population Over Age 17 by Citizenzhip, 1990
61
Table 5-1 1 b
63
Section 6: Political Participation
Registration and Voting
Registration and Voting of Eligible Population by Race/Ethnicity
63
Table 6-1, Table 6-2
Voter Turnout
Percent of Voting Adult Population, 1988
64
Table 6-3
Percent Voting of Citizen, Adult Population, 1988
65
Table 6-4
Voter Registration
Percent of Citizen, Adult Population Registered to Vote, 1988
66
Table 6-5
67
Section 7: Nativity and Immigration
Composition of Native- and Foreign-born
Percentages of California Residents Native to the U.S. by Race/Ethnicity, 1988
67
Table 7-1
Racial/Ethnic Composition of California Residents, 1988
67
Table 7-2
Racial/Ethnic Composition of Immigrants by Arrival Date
68
Table 7-3, Table 7-4
Comparison of Economic and Social Characteristics
Comparison of Latinos to Other Groups, 1988
69
Table 7-5
Comparison of Latinos According to Arrival Date in California
72
Table 7-6
75
Appendix
75
1. Composition of the Latino Population in Places Over 50 Percent Latino
2. Change in Population and Median Household Income for Places
78
At Least 50 Percent Latino, 1980-1990
81
Bibliography
viii
INTRODUCTION
If "demography is destiny," then California's destiny
is becoming decidedly more
Latino. Of the 21 million Latinos in the United States,
34 percent (over 7 million) reside
in California. Latinos represent
one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in California; in
1980, they were 18 percent of the state's population, by
1990 they were 26 percent. Despite
this tremendous growth, accurate and available data
on this population have been almost
nonexistent. As the following statistical highlights indicate, the
characteristics of the Latino
population should be of great interest to government policymakers.
For instance:
Over 25 percent of Latinos in California
are under the age of 15 and more than half
are under age 25.
57 percent of Latino adults in California do not have
a high school diploma and over
40 percent have only an elementary school education.
23 percent of California Latinos live below the
poverty line, the highest level of any
minority group.
24 percent of California Latinos speak English either "not
well" or "not at all."
Latinos will clearly require more attention in
areas such as education, health care, and
job training in the decades to come. Furthermore, Latinos
will generate many concerns
specific to their linguistic and cultural needs. If public policy
is to respond to the needs of
the state's la-gest and most diverse minority population,
accurate and easily understandable
information about Latinos must be made available.
To remedy this information gap, UC DATA (University
of California Data Archive
and Technical Assistance) has produced this California
Latina/Latino Demographic Data
Book. The data used for this book comprise the
most up-to-date demographic and social
statistics on California's Latino population. Sources
include the 1980 and the 1990
Decennial Censuses and several supplements from the Census
Bureau's Current Population
Surveys: the 1990 Annual Demographic File, the 1990 and
1988 Voter Supplements, and
the 1988 Fertility, Birth Expectation, and Immigration
Study. The Current Population
Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey conducted by the Census
Department with a sample size
of over 120,000 respondents (for the Annual Demographic
File, the sample size is
300,000)) This enormous size allows for analysis
on an individual level for minority
populations and specific geographic units, such
as metropolitan areas. Each month the CPS
is supplemented with questions
on a specific topic such as sources of income, immigration,
or electoral participation. We have employed the CPS not only because it
allows for
individual-level analysis unavailable in the Census, but
covers topics, such as political
participation, that are not included in the Census.
The population universe in the Current Population Survey is the civilian
noninstitutional population and
members of the armed forces living off-post or with their families
on post. It excludes all other members of
the armed forces. About 12 percent of CPS respondents
are Californians.