Epithelial Organization and Development

394 Pages·1992·10.599 MB·English

by  David R. Garrod, Jane E. Collins (auth.), Tom P. Fleming (eds.)

EPITHELIAL ORGANIZATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
EPITHELIAL
ORGANIZATION
AND
DEVELOPMENT
Edited by
Tom P. Fleming
Department of Biology
University of Southampton
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
First edition 1992
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
Typeset in 10/12pt Palatino by Excel Typesetters Company, Hong Kong
ISBN 978-94-010-5040-1
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private
study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright
Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced,
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Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside
the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London
address printed on this page.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with
regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and
cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or
omissions that may be made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Epithelial organization and development/edited by Tom P. Fleming.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-94-010-5040-1 ISBN 978-94-011-2354-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2354-9
1. Epithelium - Growth. 2. Epithelium - Differentiation.
3. Epithelial cells. I. Fleming, Tom P.
[DNLM: 1. Epithelium - anatomy & histology. 2. Epithelium
- growth & development. QS 532.5E7 E647)
QP88.4.E635 1992
591.4'7 - dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 92-4097
CIP
Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xv
1 Intercellular junctions and cell adhesion in epithelial cells 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Desmosomes 3
1.3 Adherens junctions 12
1.4 Cell-cell adhesion molecules 17
1.5 Tight junctions 21
1.6 Gap junctions 29
1.7 Conclusion 35
Acknowledgements 35
References 35
2 Shaping an epithelial cell: the role of cell adhesion
molecules in the reorganization of the membrane
cytoskeleton 53
2.1 How can polarity develop de novo? 53
2.2 MOCK cells as an experimental system 55
2.3 Determining the underlying mechanisms 58
2.4 Back to MOCK cells 67
2.5 The role of uvomorulin in the establishment of polarity 71
2.6 Cell-cell contacts and other cytoskeletal proteins 74
2.7 Cell contacts and the formation of intercellular
junctions 75
2.8 The development of epithelial polarity in MOCK cells 75
2.9 Cell adhesion molecules and regulation of the
development of cell surface polarity 77
2.10 Extending the in vitro model to in vivo situations 78
2.11 Conclusion 80
Acknowledgements 81
References 81
CONTENTS
3 Biogenetic pathways and targeting signals in polarized
epithelia 89
3.1 Organization of polarized epithelia 89
3.2 Development of polarity 90
3.3 Biogenetic pathways of apical and basolateral proteins 90
3.4 Signals 96
3.5 Cytoskeleton 103
3.6 Conclusions and future directions 104
References 105
4 Trophectoderm biogenesis in the preimplantation mouse
embryo 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Early cell cycles: programming for an epithelium 113
4.3 Compaction: the foundation of epithelial organization 116
4.4 Morula and blastocyst: preparation for epithelial
function 124
4.5 Conclusions 128
Acknowledgements 129
References 130
5 The formation and fate of the blastoderm epithelium of the
Drosophila embryo 137
5.1 Introduction 137
5.2 Pre-blastoderm cortex organization 139
5.3 The formation of the syncytial blastoderm 141
5.4 The cellularization switch 144
5.5 Conclusion 157
Acknowledgements 157
References 157
6 Development of kidney epithelial cells 163
6.1 Introduction 163
6.2 Morphological characterization of in vivo and in vitro
development of epithelial kidney tubules 164
6.3 Search for inducers 168
6.4 Response to induction 170
vi
CONTENTS
6.5 Conclusions 183
References 186
7 Development of the insect Malpighian tubule 191
7.1 Introduction 191
7.2 Early development: establishing an epithelium 194
7.3 Later development: cell differentiation within the
epithelium 209
7.4 Interdependence of developmental processes 214
7.5 Outlook 214
Acknowledgements 215
References 215
8 The establishment and maintenance of hepatocyte surface 219
polarity
8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 The hepatocyte in liver tissue 220
8.3 Hepatocyte surface polarity 222
8.4 Sorting pathways for integral plasma membrane
proteins in hepatocytes 225
8.5 Hepatocytes in culture 227
8.6 The hepatocyte in embryonic development 229
8.7 Proliferation of hepatocytes 231
8.8 Hepatocytic stem cells 235
Acknowledgements 238
References 238
9 Cytoskeletal components in intestinal brush border
morphogenesis: an evaluation of their function 245
9.1 Introduction 245
9.2 Organization of intestinal brush border cytoskeleton 246
9.3 Brush border assembly during intestinal epithelial cell
differentiation 252
9.4 Structural properties of the brush border cytoskeletal
proteins 257
9.5 Approaches to investigate brush border assembly 261
9.6 Conclusion 265
vii
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements 266
References 266
10 The role of yolk sac and gut epithelial cells in maternal
immunoglobulin transport 273
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Evidence for Fc receptors on yolk sac endoderm and
gut enterocytes 275
10.3 Nature of the FcyRs 282
10.4 Mechanism of transcytosis of IgG 284
10.5 Conclusions 293
Acknowledgements 294
References 294
11 Cell adhesion and the basement membrane in early
epidermal morphogenesis 299
11.1 Morphogenesis of the epidermis 299
11.2 Integrin expression and function in the epidermis 304
11.3 Pathological disorders in cell adhesion in the skin 317
11.4 Summary and discussion 318
References 320
12 Functional interplay between extracellular matrix and
extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases in the mammary
gland: a coordinate system for regulating mammary
epithelial function 329
12.1 Introduction 329
12.2 Effect of extracellular matrix on epithelial cell function
in culture 330
12.3 The mammary gland: a model to study cell-
extracellular matrix interaction in vivo 333
12.4 Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases are involved
in mammary development 338
12.5 Conclusion 346
Acknowledgements 347
References 347
viii
CONTENTS
13 Salivary epithelium branching morphogenesis 353
13.1 Introduction 353
13.2 Motive forces and epithelial morphogenesis 354
13.3 Tissue interactions in branching morphogenesis 357
13.4 The extracellular matrix as a regulator of epithelial
morphogenesis 360
13.5 Conclusions 366
Acknowledgements 370
References 370
Index 377
ix
Contributors
Monique Arpin
Department of Molecular Biology, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux,
75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
James R. Bartles
Department of Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology, Northwestern
University Medical School, East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Mina J. Bissell
Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
William G. Carter
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Pathobiology,
University of Washington, 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Jane E. Collins
Cancer Research Campaign Medical Oncology Unit, University of
Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY, UK.
(present address)
Department of Biology, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East,
Southampton S09 3TU, UK.
Marja Ekblom
Department of Zoophysiology, Uppsala University, PO Box 560, S-751 22
Uppsala, Sweden.
Peter Ekblom
Department of Zoophysiology, Uppsala University, PO Box 560, S-751 22
Uppsala, Sweden.
Lothar Feeker
Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Messeweg 11112,
D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany.
Tom P. Fleming
Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of
Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S09 3TU, UK.
CONTRIBUTORS
Evelyne Friederich
Department of Molecular Biology, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux,
75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
David R. Garrod
Cancer Research Campaign Medical Oncology Unit, University of
Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY, UK.
(present address)
Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Manchester,
Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Patricia Hardman
Center for Gravitational Studies in Cellular and Developmental Biology,
NSCORT, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
66506-4901, USA.
Pritinder Kaur
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Pathobiology,
University of Washington, 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
(present address)
Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, South
Australia.
Gerd Klein
Universitiit Tilbingen, Medizinische Klinik, Otfried Milllerstrasse 10, 0-7400
Tilbingen, Germany.
Helen McNeill
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5426, USA.
Gabriele Mugrauer
Fried rich-M iescher-Labora tori u m der Max -Planck -Gesellschaft,
Spemannstrasse 37-39, 0-7400 Tilbingen, Germany.
W. James Nelson
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5426, USA.
Michel Robert-Nicoud
Universite Joseph Fourier, ERFMQ, CERMO, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex,
France.
Sharon K. Powell
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College,
1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
xii