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ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY An International Journal Editor-in-Chief: MORTON W. MILLER, Rochester VOLUME CONTENTS, AUTHOR CITATION INDEX AND SUBJECT INDEX VOLUME 33, 1993 ©) PERGAMON PRESS Oxford New York Seoul Tokyo ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY Editor-in-Chief Morton W. MILLER, Department of Biophysics, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, U.S.A. (Tel. (716)275-3634 Editorial Board P. BARLOW, University of Bristol Research Station, U.K. J. P. BENNETT, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A. P. F. BoURDEAU, Comm. of the European Commun., Brussels, Belgium J. BRYAN, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, U.S.A. A. D. CONGER, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. B. V. CONGER, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A. F. D’AMATO, Ist Di Genetica Della Univ., Pisa, Italy D. Davipson, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada D. R. Davies, John Innes Institute, Norwich, U.K. L. S. Evans, Manhattan College, Bronx, NY, U.S.A. S. B. Ipso, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A. J. S. JAcoBSON, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. R. M. KLEIN, 13 Deborah Drive, South Burlington, VT, U S. A. W. H. Kern, 7901 Kentbury Dr., Bethesda, MD 20814, U pM A. C. KONZAK, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U SS. A. C. C. KUEHNERT, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, U.S.A. C. Lutz, GSF Miinchen, Institut fiir Biochemische Pflanzenpathologie, Neuherberg, F.R.G. B. L. McMicHaeL, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, U.S.A. S. MCNAUGHTON, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, U.S.A. J. MOUTSCHEN, University of Liége, Liége, Belgium P. E. PiLeT, Inst. Biologie/Physiologie Veg., Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland D.J .R ayNAL, SUNY—Coll. Envir. Sci. and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, U.S.A. T. L. Rost, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A. J. R. K. SAvAGE, MRC Radiobiology Research Unit, Berkshire, U.K. J. L. SEAGo, SUNY Biology, Oswego, NY, U.S.A. M. S. SWAMINATHAN, Teynampet, Madras, India D. T. TinGey, U.S. EPA, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A. J. C. V. Vu, USDA-ARS; IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. P. L. WALNE, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A. P. WEBSTER, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. H. YAMAGUCHI, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Editorial Assistant: MARYLYNN M. MILLER Production Editor: JENNY HOWATSON, Pergamon Press Ltd, Oxford, U.K. Published Quarterly in January, April, July and October Publishing, Subscnption and Advertising Offices Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, U.K. Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, U.S.A. Annual Institutional Subscription Rate (1993): £265 (U.S. $424). Sterling prices are definitive. U.S. dollar prices are quoted for convenience only, and are subject to exchange rate fluctuation. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice. Personal subscription rate for those whose library subscribes at the regular rate available on request. Subscription rates for Japan are also available on request. Second class postage paid at RAHWAY, NJ. Postmaster send address corrections to Environmental and Experimental Botany, c/o Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, U.S.A Whilst every effort is made by the Publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statement appear in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and ~dvertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, tbe Publisher, the editorial board and editors and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statement Copyright © 1993 Pergamon Press Ltd CONTENTS VOLUME 33 NUMBER 1 Special Issue: The Impact of the Environment on Roots and Root Systems Vv Preface P. W. BARLOW The response of roots and root systems to their environment—an interpretation derived from an analysis of the hierarchical organization of plant life M. CIAMPOROVA and I. MISTRIK The ultrastructural response of root cells to stressful conditions B. J. ATWELL Response of roots to mechanical impedance E.-M. WIEDENROTH Responses of roots to hypoxia: their structural and energy relations with the whole plant B. L. MCMICHAEL and The impact of the soil environment on the growth of root systems J. E. QUISENBERRY B. SATTELMACHER,J . GERENDAS, Interaction between root growth and mineral nutrition K. THoms, H. BRUCK and N. H. BAGDADY K. HAIRIAH, M. VAN NoOORDWJJK, Phosphate nutrition effects on aluminium avoidance of Mucuna prunens var. I. STULEN, F. W. MEIJBOOM and utilis P. J. C. KUIPER W. F. Punz and H. SIEGHARDT The response of roots of herbaceous plant species to heavy metals H. KAHLE Response of roots of trees to heavy metals L. A. N. AGUIRREZABAL, S. PELLERIN Carbon nutrition, root branching and elongation: can the present state of and F. TARDIEU knowledge allow a predictive approach at a whole-plant level? J. G. BUWALDA The carbon costs of root systems of perennial fruit crops A. OYANAGI, T. NAKAMOTO and The gravitropic response of roots and the shaping of the root system in S. MorITA cereal plants G. BERTA, A. FUSCONI and A. TROTTA VA mycorrhizal infection and the morphology and function of root systems M. Liv, R.-J. Li and M.-Y. Liv Adaptive responses of roots and root systems to seasonal changes K. A. Voct, D. A. PUBLICOVER, Belowground responses as indicators of environmental change J. BLOOMFIELD,J .M . PEREZ, D. J. VocT and W. L. SILVER NUMBER 2 C. R. BHATIA Obituary—A. R. GOPAL-AYENGAR, 1909-1992 W. M. MILLER, M. W. MILLER, Electric field-induced inhibition of electrogenic pumping in .Milella: analysis A. A. BRAYMAN and E. L. CARSTENSEN for transmembrane potential hypo- and hyperpolarization effects R. A. ARMSTRONG Seasonal growth of foliose lichens in successive years in South Gwynedd, Wales C. F. Musit and S. J. E. WAND Responses of sclerophyllous Ericaceae to enhanced levels of ultraviolet-B radiation D. K. GLADISH and T. L. Rost The effects of temperature on primary root growth dynamics and lateral root distribution in garden pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. “Alaska” A. SAEED BHATTI and G. SARWAR Secretion and uptake of salt ions by detached /eptochloa fusca 1.. Kunth Kallar grass) leaves M. Murpny, I. RASKIN and Plasma membrane effects of salicylic acid treatment on cultured rose cells A. J. ENYEDI C. S. Hew, L. Y. Lim and C. M. Low Nitrogen uptake by tropical orchids H. S. Xie, A. I. Hstao and W. A. QUICK Influence of water deficit on the phytotoxicity of imazamethabenz and fenoxaprop among five wild oat populations S. B. Ipso, B. A. KIMBALL and Air temperature modifies the size-enhancing effects of atmospheric CO D. L. HENDRIX enrichment on sour orange tree leaves F. Cuny, M. Grotre, R. DUMAS DE VAULX 301 Effects of gamma irradiation of pollen on parthenogenetic haploid pro- and A. RIEl duction in muskmelon (Cucumis melo 1. G. P. HOLBROOK, J. HANSEN, K. WALLICK Starch accumulation during hydroponic growth of spinach and basil plants and T. M. ZINNEN under carbon dioxide enrichment C. Wan, R. E. SOSEBEE and Drought-induced changes in water relations in broom snakeweed (Guterrezia B. L. MCMICHAEL sarothrae) under greenhouse- and field-grown conditions B. PAWLIK, T. SKOWRONSKI, pH-Dependent cadmium transport inhibits photosynthesis in the cyano- Z. RAMAZANOW, P. GARDESTROM and bacterium Synechocystis aquatilis G. SAMUELSSON Erratum Announcement NUMBER 3 G. KARABOURNIOTIS, A. KYPARISSIS and Leaf hairs of Olea europaea protect underlying tissues against ultraviolet-B Y. MANETAS radiation damage S.J .D ’SuRNeEy, T. J. TSCHAPLINSKI, Biological responses of two soybean cultivars exposed to enhanced UVB N. T. EDWARDS and L. R. SHUGART radiation A. UPADHYAYA and C. R. CALDWELL Applicability of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction viability assay to the measurement of oxidative damage to cucumber cotyledons by bisulfite S. B. Ipso, G. W. WALL and Interactive effects of atmospheric CO, enrichment and light intensity reduc- B. A. KIMBALL tions on net photosynthesis of sour orange tree leaves G. T. ADAMS and T. D. PERKINS Assessing cold tolerance in Picea using chlorophyll fluorescence R. G. AMUNDSON, R. J. KOHUT, Moderate water stress alters carbohydrate content and cold tolerance of J. A. LAURENCE, S. FELLOWS and red spruce foliage L. J. COLAVITO J. C. V. Vu and G. YELENOSKY Photosynthesis and freeze tolerance comparisons of the newly released “Ambersweet” hybrid with “Valencia” orange A. I. Hsiao Actions of acid immersion, red light and gibberellin A; treatments on germination of thermodormant lettuce seeds M. G. CorRADI, A. BIANCHI and Chromium toxicity in Salvia sclarea—1. Effects of hexavalent chromium on A. ALBASINI seed germination and seedling development Y. Hi ZHANG, L. E. CRAKER and A method to separate germinated from ungerminated pollen grains D. L. MULCAHY Z. Qiu, A. H. CHAPPELKA, G. L. SOMERS, Effects of ozone and simulated acidic precipitation on ectomycorrhizal B. G. Lockasy and R. S. MELDAHL formation on loblolly pine seedlings H. M. C. CRreBer, M. S. DAVIES and Effects of temperature on cell division in root meristems of natural popu- D. FRANCIS lations of Dactylis glomerata of contrasting latitudinal origins S. B. Ipso, B. A. KimBaLL, D. E. AKIN A general relationship between CO -induced reductions in stomatal con- andJ . KRIDLER ductance and concomitant increases in foliage temperature S. WALKER and T. C. Hsiao Osmoticum, water and dry matter deposition rates in the growth zone of sorghum leaves under water deficit conditions NUMBER 4 Contents M. W. MILLER Editorial Review Article J. M. Kinet, P. LeEjEUNE and Shoot-root interactions during floral transition: a possible role for G. BERNIER cytokinins General Papers D. AMRITPHALE, A. GUTCH and Acidification, growth promoter and red light effects on germination of A. I. Hsiao skotodormant seeds of Hygrophila auriculata LONGBIN HUANG, F. MURRAY and Responses of nitrogen metabolism parameters to sublethal SO, pollution XIAOHONG YANG in wheat [Triticum aestioum cv Wilgoyne (Ciano/Gallo)] under mild NaCl stress L. M. BELL, R. N. TRIGIANO and Relationship of abscisic acid to somatic embryogenesis in Dactylis glomerata B. V. CONGER ; A. A. Konopiyova, L. V. ZSELTONOZSKAYA, In vitro response of Dactylis glomerata leaf segments as affected by growing B. V. CONGER and D. M. GRODZINSKY donor plants in radioactive soil L. S. EvaANs and G. A. FITZGERALD Histological effects of ozone on slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. densa S. GERBER and D.-P. HADER Effects of solar irradiation on motility and pigmentation of three species of phytoplankton B. RIGHETTI, E. MAGNANINI and Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake and oxygen accumulation during F. Ross! in vitro culture of Actinidia deliciosa cv Tomuri M. QOiru and F. MuRRAY Effects of SO, and salinity on nitrogenase activity, nitrogen concentration and growth of young soybean plants J. WABER andJ . C. WyLit Changes in RNA and protein synthesis associated with the adaptation of Synechococcus sp. to 0.4 M NaC} C. PRosperti, C. LUNA and Influence of pH, light intensity and oxygen on the short-term effect of E. FERNANDEZ VALIENTE ammonium on nitrogenase activity of cyanobacteria from rice fields J. Garry, Y. KARARY,J . HAREL and Temporal and spatial fluctuations of ethylene production and concentra- S. LURIE tions of sulfur, sodium, chlorine and iron on/in the thallus cortex in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. S. R. PEZESHKI,J . H. PARDUE and The influence of soil oxygen deficiency on alcchol dehydrogenase activity, R. D. DELAUNE root porosity, ethylene production and photosynthesis in Spartina patens D. M. ANTOSIEWICZ Mineral status of dicotyledonous crop plants in relation to their constitu- tional tolerance to lead J. L. HAbLey, R. G. AMUNDSON, Physiological response to controlled freezing of attached red spruce J. A. LAURENCE and R. J. KOHU1 branches