Enhancements in Applied Geomechanics, Mining, and Excavation Simulation and Analysis

187 Pages·2019·8.647 MB·English

by  Adam Sevi, Jose Neves, Honghua Zhao

Sustainable Civil Infrastructures
Adam Sevi
Jose Neves
Editors
Honghua Zhao
Enhancements in Applied
Geomechanics, Mining,
and Excavation Simulation
and Analysis
Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International
Conference 2018 – Civil Infrastructures
Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate
Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held
on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China
Sustainable Civil Infrastructures
Editor-in-chief
Hany Farouk Shehata, Cairo, Egypt
Advisory Board
Khalid M. ElZahaby, Giza, Egypt
Dar Hao Chen, Austin, USA
Steering Editorial Committee
Dar Hao Chen, Texas A&M University, USA
Jia-Ruey Chang, National Ilan University, Taiwan
Hadi Khabbaz, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Shih-Huang Chen, National Central University, Taiwan
Jinfeng Wang, Zhejiang University, China
About this Series
Sustainable Infrastructure impacts our well-being and day-to-day lives. The
infrastructures we are building today will shape our lives tomorrow. The complex
and diverse nature of the impacts due to weather extremes on transportation and
civil infrastructures can be seen in our roadways, bridges, and buildings. Extreme
summer temperatures, droughts, flash floods, and rising numbers of freeze-thaw
cycles pose challenges for civil infrastructure and can endanger public safety. We
constantly hear how civil infrastructures need constant attention, preservation, and
upgrading. Such improvements and developments would obviously benefit from
ourdesired bookseries thatprovidesustainable engineering materials anddesigns.
The economic impact is huge and much research has been conducted worldwide.
The future holds many opportunities, not only for researchers in a given country,
but also for the worldwide field engineers who apply and implement these
technologies. We believe that no approach can succeed if it does not unite the
efforts of various engineering disciplines from all over the world under one
umbrellatoofferabeaconofmodernsolutionstotheglobalinfrastructure.Experts
from the various engineering disciplines around the globe will participate in this
series, including: Geotechnical, Geological, Geoscience, Petroleum, Structural,
Transportation, Bridge, Infrastructure, Energy, Architectural, Chemical and
Materials, and other related Engineering disciplines.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15140
Adam Sevi Jose Neves
(cid:129)
Honghua Zhao
Editors
Enhancements in Applied
Geomechanics, Mining,
and Excavation Simulation
and Analysis
Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International
–
Conference 2018 Civil Infrastructures
Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate
Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held
on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China
123
Editors
AdamSevi Honghua Zhao
Department ofCivil, Environmental, Department ofEngineering Mechanics
andConstruction Engineering DalianUniversity ofTechnology
Norwich University Dalian, China
Northfield,VT, USA
Jose Neves
Department ofCivil Engineering,
ArchitectureandGeoresources, IST
Universidade deLisboa
Lisbon, Portugal
ISSN 2366-3405 ISSN 2366-3413 (electronic)
Sustainable Civil Infrastructures
ISBN978-3-319-95644-2 ISBN978-3-319-95645-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95645-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018948650
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019
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Contents
Magneto-GravitySimulationofConePenetrationTestinCohesionless
Soil Under Small Gravity Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Pin-Qiang Mo, Feng Gao, and Guoqing Zhou
The Effect of Several Parameters on the Behavior of Asphalt
Mixture in Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Khlifa El Atrash and Gabriel J. Assaf
Review and Analysis on Using the Analytical Approaches
for Predicting the Pavement Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Rajashree Tapase, Dilip Aldar, and Anand Tapase
Grouting Material Development and Treatment of Water and Mud
Inflow Caused by TBM Tunneling in Fault Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Jiwen Bai, Shucai Li, Rentai Liu, Xiao Feng, Peng Jiang,
and Bingchuan Cheng
Traffic Data Characterization for Road Rehabilitation: A Case
Study of the Korogwe-Mombo Road Section in Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Julius J. Komba, Mussa Mataka, John T. Malisa, Lubinda F. Walubita,
and James W. Maina
Effect of Width of Geosynthetic Reinforcement within the Granular
Cover on the Load Distribution over the Tunnel Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Yan Kou, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, and Alireza Mohyeddin
Durability Assessment of Pavement Foundation Materials
Treated with a Polymeric-Based Additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Romel Georgees, Rayya Hassan, and Robert Evans
Analytical Method to Evaluate the Stress State Within
Vertical Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Qizhi Chen, Changjie Xu, Luju Liang, and Xiaozhen Fan
v
vi Contents
Numerical Simulation of Surface Subsidence After the Collapse
of a Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Y. G. Derbin, J. Walker, D. Wanatowski, and A. M. Marshall
A New Method Based on PFC3D and Hierarchical Modeling
for Pile Foundation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Honghua Zhao, Jin Zhang, Peng Qiu, and Shunying Ji
Investigation and Numerical Simulation Analyses of the Landslides
in Terrace Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Sung-Chi Hsu, Ming-Hung Liu, Tai-Seong Quah, and Yishuo Huang
Performance of Three Atmospheric Density Models on Precise Orbit
Determination for Haiyang-2A Satellite Using DORIS Data. . . . . . . . . . 126
Qiaoli Kong, Jinyun Guo, Litao Han, and Yi Shen
In Situ Test of Traffic-Load-Induced Settlement of Alluvial Silt
Subsoil Treated by Unslaked Lime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Qing Jin, Xinzhuang Cui, Junwei Su, Tu Lu, Lei Zhang,
and Zhongxiao Wang
Experimental Study on Shear Strength Behavior of Glass
Fiber-Reinforced Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Suchit Kumar Patel and Baleshwar Singh
Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Asphalt Film Aging Test
and Actual Production, Transportation and Paving on Asphalt
Aging Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Qingqing Zhang and Zhichao Pu
Response of Swelling Clays to Superstructure Vertical Loads . . . . . . . . 169
M. A. Dafalla, E. Mutaz, and M. A. Al-Shamrani
Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 179
Introduction
Growing international populations and commerce necessitates increases in infras-
tructure capacity worldwide. Concurrently, climate change and severe weather
events challenge the durability of these structures. This international conference
providesaforumforbringingknowledgefrompractitionersanddesignerstogether.
This publication of technical papers focusing on geomechanics, mining, and
excavationsimulation,andanalysisisasmallcontributiontotheongoingchallenge
of providing sustainable civil infrastructures.
This publication would not have been possible without the efforts of numerous
anonymous technical reviewers, working in conjunction with the authors, to shape
these technical papers to be most useful to future civil practitioners and designers.
Each paper receivedat least two fullreviews, with volume editorssupervising this
effort. The guidance of the secretary generals, Dr. Jinfeng Wang and Dr. Dar Hao
Chen must also be noted for coordinating this volumes contribution to the greater
presentation of works contained in the proceedings of this 5th GeoChina
InternationalConferenceonCivilInfrastructuresConfrontingSevereWeathersand
Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, HangZhou, China, 2018.
vii
Magneto-Gravity Simulation of Cone
Penetration Test in Cohesionless Soil Under
Small Gravity Fields
Pin-Qiang Mo1,2(&), Feng Gao2, and Guoqing Zhou2
1 StateKeyLaboratoryforGeomechanicsandDeepUndergroundEngineering,
ChinaUniversity of Mining andTechnology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu, China
[e-mail], [e-mail]
2 SchoolofMechanicsandCivilEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningand
Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu, China
Abstract. Lunar exploration projects have been re-launched recently by
countries including America, Russia, Japan, and China, aiming to develop the
resource exploration outside the Earth. The fundamental understanding of the
mechanismsrelatedtothesmallgravityfieldsandthespecificspaceregolithis
thekeytofurtherplansforoutpostconstructionandresourceutilization,aswell
asthesiteinvestigation.Conepenetrationtestisbelievedtoserveasaneffective
insitutoolforsiteinvestigationindeepspaceexploration.Theinterpretationof
CPTdataundersmallgravityfieldsisinvestigatedinthispaperwiththefocus
on the effect of gravity ranging from 1/6 to 4 g. Linear increase of cone tip
resistanceisobservedforashallowpenetration,whereastheresistanceincreases
with g-level under small gravity fields at a certain depth. The normalised pen-
etration resistance is found to decrease exponentially with the g-level, and a
relationship between the normalised penetration resistance and g-level is
therefore proposed with comparisons of data from DEM simulation. Correla-
tionsbetween soilproperties andCPTmeasurements arethusmodifiedfor the
interpretationandapplicationofinsitutestsinthenear-earthspaceexploration.
1 Introduction
Near-earth space exploration extends from the Moon to the Mars, after the Apollo
program. The plans of return to the Moon have been proposed in the recent decade,
following the launched lunar missions, including European SMART-1, Chinese
Chang’E, U.S. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Google Lunar XPRIZE. Studies
abouttheinsituresource utilization (ISRU) haveprocessedthelunarmaterialsforthe
construction of lunar habitat structures (Meyers and Toutanji 2007; Nakamura and
Senior2008).ThecolonizationoftheMoonstartswiththelunaroutposts,whereasthe
excavation and the designed underground colonies require the understanding of
geotechnical properties of the lunar regolith.
Cone penetration test (CPT) acts as an important in situ testing tool for the site
characterization, owing to its economic advantages and the continuous measurements.
However, in the field of aerospace, the gravitational environment on a planetary body
varieswith itsmass;e.g. 1 g indicates theEarth gravity and1/6 grepresentsthelunar
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019
A.Sevietal.(eds.),EnhancementsinAppliedGeomechanics,Mining,
andExcavationSimulationandAnalysis,SustainableCivilInfrastructures,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95645-9_1
2 P.-Q. Mo etal.
gravity.Insitutestingisimportantandratheressentialforthefurtherspaceexploration,
without taking numerous samples back to earth for investigation. Therefore the inter-
pretation of CPT data is key to obtain the local soil stratigraphy and soil properties.
DEM simulation has been conducted to investigate the effects of gravity on the cor-
relations between CPT measurements and soil properties (e.g. Jiang and Wang 2013),
while the experimental study is still rather limited.
Physical modelling of geotechnical problems under small gravity fields, especially
for gravity smaller than the Earth gravity, is of interest to space and geotechnical
engineers.Theparabolicflightaircraft,microgravityrocketorthedroptowerwereused
to create the microgravity environments, while they were not widely applied due to
their extremely high cost and the limited testing duration (Johnson et al. 1970; Sture
etal.1998;ColwellandTaylor1999;Thomasetal.2000).Althoughthetiltingmethod
(Tateyama 2007; Zou et al. 2015) and the hydraulic gradient similitude method
(Zelikson 1969; Dou and Byrne 1996) were adopted along with the additional body
force or water pressure, a reliable and economical testing method for small gravity
fields is still desired for studies of geotechnical problems.
This paper aims to provide results of the preliminary tests of CPT in cohesionless
soilundersmallgravityfields.Themagneto-gravitymodellingequipmentisadoptedto
simulatethesmallgravityfieldswithamagneticaccelerationagainsttheearthgravity.
Thecohesionlesssoilisusedinthemagneto-gravityfieldstorepresenttheearth,lunar
andmartianregolith.Theeffectofgravityonthepenetrationresistanceincohesionless
soilisinvestigated byvaryingg-level from1/6to4 g.Correlations between CPTdata
and soil properties are then examined to provide insights into the penetration mecha-
nismsofCPTundersmallgravityfields,whichcouldcontributetotheinsituresource
utilization in the near-earth space exploration.
2 Testing Methodology
2.1 Simulation of Small Gravity Fields
The experimental tests of CPT are carried out using a testing apparatus for the simu-
lation of small gravity fields, and the method is also termed as magneto-gravity sim-
ulation. The geotechnical magneto-gravity model testing equipment was designed
basedatChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,whichhastheabilitytosimulate
gravity fields from 0 to 6 g (g indicates the earth gravity, g¼9:81m=s2). This
equipmentconsistsoftestingcontainer,powersupplysystem,coolingsystem,andthe
dataacquisitionsystem,asshowninFig. 1.Thetestingcontainerincludescoppercoils
forthegenerationofgradientmagneticfield,incooperationwiththepowersupplyand
cooling system. The details on the theory of magnetic similitude gravity and devel-
opmentofthetestingequipmentareaddressedintheunpublishedreportbyZhouetal.
(2016).