Enhancements in Applied Geomechanics, Mining, and Excavation Simulation and Analysis PDF
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Sustainable Civil Infrastructures Adam Sevi Jose Neves Editors Honghua Zhao Enhancements in Applied Geomechanics, Mining, and Excavation Simulation and Analysis Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International Conference 2018 – Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China Sustainable Civil Infrastructures Editor-in-chief Hany Farouk Shehata, Cairo, Egypt Advisory Board Khalid M. ElZahaby, Giza, Egypt Dar Hao Chen, Austin, USA Steering Editorial Committee Dar Hao Chen, Texas A&M University, USA Jia-Ruey Chang, National Ilan University, Taiwan Hadi Khabbaz, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Shih-Huang Chen, National Central University, Taiwan Jinfeng Wang, Zhejiang University, China About this Series Sustainable Infrastructure impacts our well-being and day-to-day lives. The infrastructures we are building today will shape our lives tomorrow. The complex and diverse nature of the impacts due to weather extremes on transportation and civil infrastructures can be seen in our roadways, bridges, and buildings. Extreme summer temperatures, droughts, flash floods, and rising numbers of freeze-thaw cycles pose challenges for civil infrastructure and can endanger public safety. We constantly hear how civil infrastructures need constant attention, preservation, and upgrading. Such improvements and developments would obviously benefit from ourdesired bookseries thatprovidesustainable engineering materials anddesigns. The economic impact is huge and much research has been conducted worldwide. The future holds many opportunities, not only for researchers in a given country, but also for the worldwide field engineers who apply and implement these technologies. We believe that no approach can succeed if it does not unite the efforts of various engineering disciplines from all over the world under one umbrellatoofferabeaconofmodernsolutionstotheglobalinfrastructure.Experts from the various engineering disciplines around the globe will participate in this series, including: Geotechnical, Geological, Geoscience, Petroleum, Structural, Transportation, Bridge, Infrastructure, Energy, Architectural, Chemical and Materials, and other related Engineering disciplines. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15140 Adam Sevi Jose Neves (cid:129) Honghua Zhao Editors Enhancements in Applied Geomechanics, Mining, and Excavation Simulation and Analysis Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International – Conference 2018 Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China 123 Editors AdamSevi Honghua Zhao Department ofCivil, Environmental, Department ofEngineering Mechanics andConstruction Engineering DalianUniversity ofTechnology Norwich University Dalian, China Northfield,VT, USA Jose Neves Department ofCivil Engineering, ArchitectureandGeoresources, IST Universidade deLisboa Lisbon, Portugal ISSN 2366-3405 ISSN 2366-3413 (electronic) Sustainable Civil Infrastructures ISBN978-3-319-95644-2 ISBN978-3-319-95645-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95645-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018948650 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents Magneto-GravitySimulationofConePenetrationTestinCohesionless Soil Under Small Gravity Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pin-Qiang Mo, Feng Gao, and Guoqing Zhou The Effect of Several Parameters on the Behavior of Asphalt Mixture in Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Khlifa El Atrash and Gabriel J. Assaf Review and Analysis on Using the Analytical Approaches for Predicting the Pavement Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Rajashree Tapase, Dilip Aldar, and Anand Tapase Grouting Material Development and Treatment of Water and Mud Inflow Caused by TBM Tunneling in Fault Zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Jiwen Bai, Shucai Li, Rentai Liu, Xiao Feng, Peng Jiang, and Bingchuan Cheng Traffic Data Characterization for Road Rehabilitation: A Case Study of the Korogwe-Mombo Road Section in Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Julius J. Komba, Mussa Mataka, John T. Malisa, Lubinda F. Walubita, and James W. Maina Effect of Width of Geosynthetic Reinforcement within the Granular Cover on the Load Distribution over the Tunnel Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Yan Kou, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, and Alireza Mohyeddin Durability Assessment of Pavement Foundation Materials Treated with a Polymeric-Based Additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Romel Georgees, Rayya Hassan, and Robert Evans Analytical Method to Evaluate the Stress State Within Vertical Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Qizhi Chen, Changjie Xu, Luju Liang, and Xiaozhen Fan v vi Contents Numerical Simulation of Surface Subsidence After the Collapse of a Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Y. G. Derbin, J. Walker, D. Wanatowski, and A. M. Marshall A New Method Based on PFC3D and Hierarchical Modeling for Pile Foundation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Honghua Zhao, Jin Zhang, Peng Qiu, and Shunying Ji Investigation and Numerical Simulation Analyses of the Landslides in Terrace Formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Sung-Chi Hsu, Ming-Hung Liu, Tai-Seong Quah, and Yishuo Huang Performance of Three Atmospheric Density Models on Precise Orbit Determination for Haiyang-2A Satellite Using DORIS Data. . . . . . . . . . 126 Qiaoli Kong, Jinyun Guo, Litao Han, and Yi Shen In Situ Test of Traffic-Load-Induced Settlement of Alluvial Silt Subsoil Treated by Unslaked Lime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Qing Jin, Xinzhuang Cui, Junwei Su, Tu Lu, Lei Zhang, and Zhongxiao Wang Experimental Study on Shear Strength Behavior of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Suchit Kumar Patel and Baleshwar Singh Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Asphalt Film Aging Test and Actual Production, Transportation and Paving on Asphalt Aging Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Qingqing Zhang and Zhichao Pu Response of Swelling Clays to Superstructure Vertical Loads . . . . . . . . 169 M. A. Dafalla, E. Mutaz, and M. A. Al-Shamrani Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 179 Introduction Growing international populations and commerce necessitates increases in infras- tructure capacity worldwide. Concurrently, climate change and severe weather events challenge the durability of these structures. This international conference providesaforumforbringingknowledgefrompractitionersanddesignerstogether. This publication of technical papers focusing on geomechanics, mining, and excavationsimulation,andanalysisisasmallcontributiontotheongoingchallenge of providing sustainable civil infrastructures. This publication would not have been possible without the efforts of numerous anonymous technical reviewers, working in conjunction with the authors, to shape these technical papers to be most useful to future civil practitioners and designers. Each paper receivedat least two fullreviews, with volume editorssupervising this effort. The guidance of the secretary generals, Dr. Jinfeng Wang and Dr. Dar Hao Chen must also be noted for coordinating this volumes contribution to the greater presentation of works contained in the proceedings of this 5th GeoChina InternationalConferenceonCivilInfrastructuresConfrontingSevereWeathersand Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, HangZhou, China, 2018. vii Magneto-Gravity Simulation of Cone Penetration Test in Cohesionless Soil Under Small Gravity Fields Pin-Qiang Mo1,2(&), Feng Gao2, and Guoqing Zhou2 1 StateKeyLaboratoryforGeomechanicsandDeepUndergroundEngineering, ChinaUniversity of Mining andTechnology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu, China [email protected], [email protected] 2 SchoolofMechanicsandCivilEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningand Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu, China Abstract. Lunar exploration projects have been re-launched recently by countries including America, Russia, Japan, and China, aiming to develop the resource exploration outside the Earth. The fundamental understanding of the mechanismsrelatedtothesmallgravityfieldsandthespecificspaceregolithis thekeytofurtherplansforoutpostconstructionandresourceutilization,aswell asthesiteinvestigation.Conepenetrationtestisbelievedtoserveasaneffective insitutoolforsiteinvestigationindeepspaceexploration.Theinterpretationof CPTdataundersmallgravityfieldsisinvestigatedinthispaperwiththefocus on the effect of gravity ranging from 1/6 to 4 g. Linear increase of cone tip resistanceisobservedforashallowpenetration,whereastheresistanceincreases with g-level under small gravity fields at a certain depth. The normalised pen- etration resistance is found to decrease exponentially with the g-level, and a relationship between the normalised penetration resistance and g-level is therefore proposed with comparisons of data from DEM simulation. Correla- tionsbetween soilproperties andCPTmeasurements arethusmodifiedfor the interpretationandapplicationofinsitutestsinthenear-earthspaceexploration. 1 Introduction Near-earth space exploration extends from the Moon to the Mars, after the Apollo program. The plans of return to the Moon have been proposed in the recent decade, following the launched lunar missions, including European SMART-1, Chinese Chang’E, U.S. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Google Lunar XPRIZE. Studies abouttheinsituresource utilization (ISRU) haveprocessedthelunarmaterialsforthe construction of lunar habitat structures (Meyers and Toutanji 2007; Nakamura and Senior2008).ThecolonizationoftheMoonstartswiththelunaroutposts,whereasthe excavation and the designed underground colonies require the understanding of geotechnical properties of the lunar regolith. Cone penetration test (CPT) acts as an important in situ testing tool for the site characterization, owing to its economic advantages and the continuous measurements. However, in the field of aerospace, the gravitational environment on a planetary body varieswith itsmass;e.g. 1 g indicates theEarth gravity and1/6 grepresentsthelunar ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2019 A.Sevietal.(eds.),EnhancementsinAppliedGeomechanics,Mining, andExcavationSimulationandAnalysis,SustainableCivilInfrastructures, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95645-9_1 2 P.-Q. Mo etal. gravity.Insitutestingisimportantandratheressentialforthefurtherspaceexploration, without taking numerous samples back to earth for investigation. Therefore the inter- pretation of CPT data is key to obtain the local soil stratigraphy and soil properties. DEM simulation has been conducted to investigate the effects of gravity on the cor- relations between CPT measurements and soil properties (e.g. Jiang and Wang 2013), while the experimental study is still rather limited. Physical modelling of geotechnical problems under small gravity fields, especially for gravity smaller than the Earth gravity, is of interest to space and geotechnical engineers.Theparabolicflightaircraft,microgravityrocketorthedroptowerwereused to create the microgravity environments, while they were not widely applied due to their extremely high cost and the limited testing duration (Johnson et al. 1970; Sture etal.1998;ColwellandTaylor1999;Thomasetal.2000).Althoughthetiltingmethod (Tateyama 2007; Zou et al. 2015) and the hydraulic gradient similitude method (Zelikson 1969; Dou and Byrne 1996) were adopted along with the additional body force or water pressure, a reliable and economical testing method for small gravity fields is still desired for studies of geotechnical problems. This paper aims to provide results of the preliminary tests of CPT in cohesionless soilundersmallgravityfields.Themagneto-gravitymodellingequipmentisadoptedto simulatethesmallgravityfieldswithamagneticaccelerationagainsttheearthgravity. Thecohesionlesssoilisusedinthemagneto-gravityfieldstorepresenttheearth,lunar andmartianregolith.Theeffectofgravityonthepenetrationresistanceincohesionless soilisinvestigated byvaryingg-level from1/6to4 g.Correlations between CPTdata and soil properties are then examined to provide insights into the penetration mecha- nismsofCPTundersmallgravityfields,whichcouldcontributetotheinsituresource utilization in the near-earth space exploration. 2 Testing Methodology 2.1 Simulation of Small Gravity Fields The experimental tests of CPT are carried out using a testing apparatus for the simu- lation of small gravity fields, and the method is also termed as magneto-gravity sim- ulation. The geotechnical magneto-gravity model testing equipment was designed basedatChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,whichhastheabilitytosimulate gravity fields from 0 to 6 g (g indicates the earth gravity, g¼9:81m=s2). This equipmentconsistsoftestingcontainer,powersupplysystem,coolingsystem,andthe dataacquisitionsystem,asshowninFig. 1.Thetestingcontainerincludescoppercoils forthegenerationofgradientmagneticfield,incooperationwiththepowersupplyand cooling system. The details on the theory of magnetic similitude gravity and devel- opmentofthetestingequipmentareaddressedintheunpublishedreportbyZhouetal. (2016).
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